RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In the Division of Pediatric Neurology at the University Medical Center Göttingen we observed that many patients with Bell palsy are overweight or obese. To evaluate whether overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of Bell palsy in children we conducted this single-centered retrospective study by performing a database search for International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 primary and secondary diagnosis of G51.0 (facial nerve palsy) between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2020. METHODS: For risk assessment, patients' body mass indices (BMIs) were compared with BMI data of controls from a nationwide child health survey. RESULTS: In total, 202 patients with peripheral facial nerve palsies (pFPs) were included, of which nearly half were classified as Bell palsies; 38% and 24% of the patients with Bell palsy and pFP had a BMI above the 90th percentile, respectively. High BMI was associated with statistically increased odds of Bell palsy in the group of overweight and obese patients (BMI >90th percentile; odds ratio [OR], 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 3.8; P < 0.001) and solely obese patients (BMI >97th percentile; OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.3; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: We could confirm our observation that overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of Bell palsy in children.
Asunto(s)
Parálisis de Bell , Parálisis Facial , Obesidad Infantil , Niño , Humanos , Sobrepeso/complicaciones , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Parálisis de Bell/complicaciones , Parálisis de Bell/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/epidemiología , Medición de Riesgo , Índice de Masa Corporal , Obesidad Infantil/complicaciones , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSC) are cells that exhibit stem cell properties and are pivotal in tumor biology. CSC markers have been described for many tumorous entities. However, to this date, there is no data on CSC markers in respect to squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the salivary glands. METHODS: Histologic samples from patients with salivary gland SCCs were stained for CSC markers (ALDH-1/BMI-1/SOX-2/CD-44/vimentin) and divided into high and low expression subgroups. These were then correlated with tumor and patient characteristics as well as overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival, recurrence-free survival and local control rates (LCR) after 3 and 5 years. RESULTS: Overall, 31 samples were included. CD-44 and ALDH-1 expression were associated with tumor origin (metastatic/primary disease, p = 0.048 and p = 0.011, respectively). Strong BMI-1 expression was associated with poorer OS (62.9 vs. 27.3%, p = 0.029), strong SOX-2 expression was associated with poorer LCR (62.5 vs. 21.9%, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: CD-44 and ALDH-1 may be useful in differentiating between primary SCCs and metastatic disease. BMI-1 and SOX-2 are correlated with poorer prognosis.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Familia de Aldehído Deshidrogenasa 1/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundario , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Receptores de Hialuranos/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clasificación del Tumor , Complejo Represivo Polycomb 1/metabolismo , Pronóstico , Retinal-Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Transcripción SOXB1/metabolismo , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/metabolismo , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/secundario , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands is of low incidence and a broad range of histopathological subtypes. Cancer stem cell markers (CSC) might serve as novel prognostic parameters. To date, only a few studies examined the expression of CSC in adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands with diverging results. To further investigate the reliability in terms of prognostic value, a histopathological analysis of CSCs on a cohort of patients with adenocarcinomas of the major salivary glands was performed. METHODS: Tumor samples of 40 consecutive patients with adenocarcinoma of the major salivary gland treated with curative intend at one tertiary center were stained with the CSCs ALDH1, BMI-1, CD44, Nanog, and SOX2. Expression of these markers was correlated with clinicopathological parameters and survival estimates. RESULTS: Correlation of high expression of ALDH1 with higher grading (p < 0.001) and high expression of CD44 with the localization of the neoplasm (p = 0.05), larger tumor size (p = 0.006), positive pN-category (p = 0.023), and advanced UICC stage (p = 0.002) was found. Furthermore, high expression of SOX2 correlated with a negative perineural invasion (p = 0.02). No significant correlation of any investigated marker with survival estimates was observed. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our study did not find a significant correlation of the investigated CSCs with survival estimates in adenocarcinoma of the major salivary glands. Recapitulating the results of our study in conjunction with data in the literature, the CSCs ALDH1, BMI-1, CD44, Nanog, and SOX2 do not seem to serve as reliable prognostic parameters in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands.