Double-enhanced sandwich electrochemiluminescence aptasensor based on g-C3N4-Au-luminol nanocomposites and ZnCuS nanosheets for highly sensitive detection of mucin 1.

The traditional luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing suffers from low signal response and instability issues. Here, an Au/ZnCuS double-enhanced g-C3N4-supported luminol ECL aptasensor is constructed for the sensitive detection of human mucin 1 (MUC1). In this platform, g-C3N4 of a large specific surface area is beneficial to load more luminol illuminants. Au nanoparticles promote the decomposition of H2O2 coreactants to generate more reactive oxygen (•OH and O2•-) intermediates, while ZnCuS can immobilize the aptamer and simultaneously catalyze H2O2 decomposition, realizing the double-wing signal amplification. Under optimal conditions, this sensor shows a good detection capability within 1.0 × 10-4-1.0 × 103 ng mL-1 and a low detection limit of 5.0 × 10-5 ng mL-1, as well as ideal stability, selectivity, and reproducibility. This double-enhanced aptasensor highlights a new signal-enhancement approach for early biomarker detection.

A simplified molecularly imprinted ECL sensor based on Mn2SnO4 nanocubes for sensitive detection of ribavirin.

Conventional single-signal or emerging sandwich-type double-signal electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensors/aptasensors have offered accurate detection of small molecules, yet suffer from complicated setup, long processing time, and non-reusability. Here, we demonstrate a simplified molecularly imprinted ECL sensor based on Mn2SnO4 nanocubes. As an n-type semiconductor, Mn2SnO4 has numerous active sites that can capture electrons to accelerate chemical reactions, resulting in enhanced ECL activity and stability. For the first time, we verify a robust cathodic ECL emission of Mn2SnO4 luminophores in the presence of K2S2O8 coreactants. The proposed ECL sensor applies to the sensitive detection of ribavirin (RBV), endowing a wide linear range (1-2000 ng mL-1), low detection limit (0.85 ng mL-1, S/N = 3), high stability, specificity, and reproducibility, and the detection capability in real milk and chicken samples. This work highlights single semiconductor luminophore-driven molecularly imprinted ECL sensors, meeting the original aspiration of uncomplicated but high-performance sensing in food safety inspection.

N-doped TiO2/Ti3C2-driven self-photocatalytic molecularly imprinted ECL sensor for sensitive and steady detection of dexamethasone.

The conventional luminol-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor suffers from hampered signal stability due to the self-decomposition of the H2O2 co-reactant. Here, we propose an N-doped TiO2/Ti3C2 heterojunction driven self-photocatalytic platform for ECL signal amplification and then combine it with molecular imprinting technology for sensitive and steady detection of dexamethasone (DXM). Unlike traditional cases involving specific catalysts or external electron injection, the initial luminescence of luminol in this new system is utilized as the excitation light of N-doped TiO2/Ti3C2 photocatalyst to promote the conversation of dissolved oxygen to H2O2, supplying more co-reactants to improve ECL of luminol in turn. Thanks to the heterojunction and self-photocatalytic cyclic amplification, this molecularly imprinted ECL sensor exhibits a wide linear range (1.0 × 10-6-1.0 × 101 µg mL-1) and a low detection limit, as well as excellent anti-interference capability, sensitivity, and stability. This work contributes to more reliable and steady detection of DXM and brings new insights into developing exogenous co-reactant-free self-enhancement ECL models for biosensor applications.

A sensitive dual-signal electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on Ru(bpy)32+@HKUST-1 and Ce2Sn2O7 for detecting the heart failure biomarker NT-proBNP.

A sensitive dual-signal electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was proposed based on Ru(bpy)32+@HKUST-1/TPA and Ce2Sn2O7/K2S2O8 probes for detecting the NT-proBNP biomarker of heart failure. HKUST-1 with a high specific surface area facilitates the loading of more Ru(bpy)32+, effectively improving the anodic signal intensity, while the emerging Ce2Sn2O7 emitter displays a potential-matching cathodic emission with moderate intensity. Two ECL probes were characterized with field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, XPS, FT-IR spectroscopy and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. This dual-signal immunosensor has a wide linear range (5 × 10-4-1 × 104 ng mL-1) and a low quantitative detection limit, simultaneously showing high sensitivity, stability and reproducibility, as well as the detection capability of actual serum samples. This dual signal-calibrated immunoassay platform not only reduces the false positive rate of detection results but also provides a promising method for the early diagnosis of heart failure.

Nesterov-accelerated adaptive momentum estimation-based wavefront distortion correction algorithm.

In order to improve the wavefront distortion correction performance of the classical stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm, an optimized algorithm based on Nesterov-accelerated adaptive momentum estimation is proposed. It adopts a modified second-order momentum and a linearly varying gain coefficient to improve iterative stability. It integrates the Nesterov momentum term and the modified Adam optimizer to further improve the convergence speed, correct the direction of gradient descent in a timely fashion, and avoid falling into local extremum. Besides, to demonstrate the algorithm's performance, a wavefront sensorless adaptive optics system model is established using a 6×6 element deformable mirror as wavefront corrector. Simulation results show that, compared with the SPGD algorithm, the proposed algorithm converges faster, and its Strehl ratio after convergence is nearly 6.25 times that of the SPGD algorithm. Also, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm are verified by comparing with two existing optimization algorithms.