In Vivo Study of Nasal Bone Reconstruction with Collagen, Elastin and Chitosan Membranes in Abstainer and Alcoholic Rats.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of collagen, elastin, or chitosan biomaterial for bone reconstruction in rats submitted or not to experimental alcoholism. Wistar male rats were divided into eight groups, submitted to chronic alcohol ingestion (G5 to G8) or not (G1 to G4). Nasal bone defects were filled with clot in animals of G1 and G5 and with collagen, elastin, and chitosan grafts in G2/G6, G3/G7, and G4/G8, respectively. Six weeks after, all specimens underwent radiographic, tomographic, and microscopic evaluations. Bone mineral density was lower in the defect area in alcoholic animals compared to the abstainer animals. Bone neoformation was greater in the abstainer groups receiving the elastin membrane and in abstainer and alcoholic rats receiving the chitosan membrane (15.78 ± 1.19, 27.81 ± 0.91, 47.29 ± 0.97, 42.69 ± 1.52, 13.81 ± 1.60, 18.59 ± 1.37, 16.54 ± 0.89, and 37.06 ± 1.17 in G1 to G8, respectively). In conclusion, osteogenesis and bone density were more expressive after the application of the elastin matrix in abstainer animals and of the chitosan matrix in both abstainer and alcoholic animals. Chronic alcohol ingestion resulted in lower bone formation and greater formation of fibrous connective tissue.

Can Finger-Generated Force Be Used Reliably to Connect the Transducer for Resonance Frequency Analysis in Determining Implant Stability?

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum torque required to attach the transducer to the implant to measure the implant stability quotient (ISQ) with two different devices and to estimate if finger-generated torque would be reliable for this purpose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred implants were inserted into a uniform polyurethane block. The implants were distributed into 10 groups, with 10 implants each. The transducers were manually attached by a female operator (G female) and by a male operator (G male) using the standard connector provided by the manufacturers. For the remaining groups, the transducers were placed using a connector adapted to a digital torque wrench with different torque settings: 3 Ncm (G 3Ncm), 4 Ncm (G 4Ncm), 5 Ncm (G 5Ncm), 6 Ncm (G 6Ncm), 10 Ncm (G 10Ncm), 13 Ncm (G 13Ncm), 17 Ncm (G 17Ncm), and 20 Ncm (G 20Ncm). The stability was measured for all groups using both the Osstell and the Penguin resonance frequency analyzers. The minimum, medium, and maximum finger grip torque were accessed on 100 volunteers. RESULTS: For Osstell, the conjugated confidence intervals were homogenous for four groups (G 10Ncm, G 13Ncm, G 17Ncm, and G 20Ncm), and for Penguin, they were homogenous for six groups (G 5Ncm, G 6Ncm, G 10Ncm, G 13Ncm, G 17Ncm, and G 20Ncm). The minimum finger-generated force was 2.18 ± 1.05 Ncm, the medium force was 4.25 ± 1.57 Ncm, and the maximum force was 7.51 ± 2.52 Ncm, measuring with a digital torque meter. CONCLUSION: For an accurate measurement of ISQ, the minimum torque necessary to insert the transducer into the implant for Osstell was 10 Ncm, while for Penguin, it was 5 Ncm. Therefore, when using Osstell to assess implant stability, the authors suggest the use of a torque wrench to ensure 10 Ncm of force is applied when tightening the transducer into the implant to obtain accurate stability measurements. When using Penguin, the maximum finger-generated tightening force is enough.

Teachers’ view about barriers in implementing oral health education for school children: a qualitative study / As visões dos professores sobre as barreiras para a implementação da educação em saúde bucal para escolares:um estudo qualitativo

Objective: To explore the barriers encountered by primary school teachers in implementing oral health education in their settings. Material and Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire was answered by a sample of 89 primary schoolteachers aged 18 to 65 years, working in primary public schools in Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil. The data were quantitatively analyzed by means of Discourse of Collective Subject (DCS), which is based on a theoretical framework of Social Representations Theory. Results: The majority of teachers said they were teaching their students some oral health content. However, they reported difficulties in teaching oral health content in school, such as: the lack of material and/or appropriate activities to teach the subject of oral health properly; children do not receive oral health education at home and/or they are not encouraged by their families; students do not place any value on oral health and/or do not follow guidance provided. Teachers also expressed the need for partnerships with dental schools to help them implementing oral health projects in primary schools. Conclusion: The results emphasize the need for health and educational sectors to support primary school teachers in the implementation and maintenance of oral health education programs in schools...

Objetivo: Explorar as barreiras encontradas por professores do ensino fundamental para implementarem a educação em saúde bucal em seus ambientes de trabalho. Material e Métodos: Um questionário semiestruturado foi respondido por uma amostra de 89 professores do ensino fundamental, com idades entre 18 a 65 anos, que trabalhavam em escolas públicas do ensino fundamental do município de Indaiatuba, SP, Brasil. Os dados foram analisados por meio do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DCS), que apresenta como base teórica a Teoria das Representações Sociais. Resultados: A maioria dos professores afirmou que ensinavam a seus alunos algum conteúdo de saúde bucal. No entanto, relataram dificuldades para a realização desta tarefa, tais como: a falta de material e / ou atividades apropriadas disponíveis para ensinar conteúdos de saúde bucal de forma adequada; as crianças não recebem educação em saúde bucal em casa e / ou não são incentivadas por suas famílias; as crianças não atribuem qualquer valor a saúde bucal e/ou não seguem as orientações disponibilizadas. Os professores também expressaram a necessidade de parcerias com faculdades de odontologia, a fim de ajudá-los a implementar projetos de saúde bucal nas escolas de ensino fundamental. Conclusão: Os resultados ressaltam a necessidade dos setores da saúde e educação oferecerem suporte para que os professores do ensino fundamental possam implementar e manter programas de educação em saúde bucal nas escolas...

Fio dental: da dificuldade ao êxito na remoção do biofilme interproximal / Dental floss: from difficulty to success in the removal of interproximal biofilms

A higiene bucal é um importante meio de prevenção das doenças cárie e periodontal. Em relação às superfícies proximais, o fio dental é considerado um excelente instrumento para a remoção do biofilme localizado nesses locais. Verifica-se, entretanto, que a frequência de uso do fio dental ainda é baixa na população em geral. Desse modo, o presente estudo objetivou realizar uma revisão de literatura referente aos fatores relacionados à utilização do fio dental, a sua eficiência na redução do biofilme interproximal e as técnicas educativas utilizadas para orientar e motivar as pessoas quanto ao seu uso. Os estudos analisados sugerem que uma pequena parcela da população utiliza o fio dental. Verificou-se a presença de dificuldades na auto-remoção eficiente do biofilme interproximal. Quando as pessoas são estimuladas e orientadas de forma adequada, melhoram muito a qualidade de sua higiene bucal. Normalmente isso é conseguido através de técnicas educacionais específicas.(AU)

Oral hygiene is important in preventing caries and periodontal disease. Regarding interproximal surfaces, dental floss is considered an excellent instrument for the removal of plaque from these locations; however, it has been proven that its frequency of use is still quite low in the general population. As such, the present study aimed to carry out a literature review referent to the factors related to the use of dental floss, its efficiency in reducing interproximal plaque, and the educational techniques that can be used to advise and motivate patients. It was concluded that only a small percentage of the population actually uses dental floss. Moreover, difficulties also arise in the efficient self-removal of interproximal biofilms. However when patients are properly advised and motivated, the quality of their hygiene habits also increases proportionally. This is commonly achieved through specific educational techniques.(AU)