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1.
Int J Legal Med ; 137(6): 1927-1937, 2023 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37328711

RESUMEN

Sudden death, or unexpected natural death of a healthy individual, is a serious problem in all nations. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) mainly due to ischemic heart diseases is the top cause of sudden death. However, there are pathophysiological conditions, referred to as sudden arrhythmic death syndrome, in which no apparent lesion can be identified even after complete conventional or ordinary autopsy. While postmortem genetic analyses have accumulated evidence about underlying genetic abnormality in such cases, the precise relationships between genetic background and the phenotype have been largely elusive. In this study, a retrospective investigation of 17 autopsy cases in which lethal arrhythmia was suspected to be the cause of death was carried out. Genetic analysis focusing on 72 genes reported to be associated with cardiac dysfunctions was performed, in combination with detailed histopathological and postmortem imaging examination, and a family study. As a result, in two cases of suspected arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), we found a nonsense variant in PKP2 and frameshift variant in TRPM4 gene. In contrast, the other 15 cases showed no morphological changes in the heart despite the presence of a frameshift variant and several missense variants, leaving the clinical significance of these variants obscure. The findings of the present study suggest that nonsense and frameshift variants could be involved in the morphological abnormality in cases of SCD due to ACM, while missense variants alone rarely contribute to massive structural changes in the heart.


Asunto(s)
Cardiomiopatías , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Autopsia/métodos , Muerte Súbita Cardíaca/etiología , Muerte Súbita Cardíaca/patología , Cardiomiopatías/genética
2.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37222902

RESUMEN

Forensic pathologists often encounter cases of acute subdural hematoma (SDH) due to trauma, whereas those attributable to endogenous causes are rare. Here, we report a case of the latter type in a 42-year-old man who was found dead at home after several months of fever and malaise. Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) and autopsy were undertaken to clarify the cause of death. PMCT images revealed a fatal SDH and a localized hyper-density area in the right parietal lobe; macroscopic and microscopic examinations revealed SDH due to rupture of a mycotic aneurysm (MA) associated with meningitis. The PMCT images also indicated thickening and calcification of the mitral valve, while autopsy demonstrated infective endocarditis (IE). In addition, PMCT demonstrated a low-density area in the spleen, which was shown to be a splenic abscess at autopsy. PMCT also demonstrated tooth cavities. Based on the findings of autopsy, the cause of death was considered to be SDH due to rupture of the MA resulting from meningitis with IE and splenic abscess. Although PMCT was unable to clarify the significance of any individual feature, a retrospective review of the PMCT images might have suggested IE, bacteremia, or ruptured MA leading to SDH. This case suggests that, instead of interpreting individual features demonstrated on PMCT images, integrated interpretation of overall PMCT findings might provide clues for identifying causes of death, despite the fact that PMCT lacks diagnostic accuracy for infectious diseases such as IE and meningitis.

3.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 4947, 2023 03 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36973299

RESUMEN

A- and B-antigens are present on red blood cells (RBCs) as well as other cells and secretions in Hominoidea including humans and apes such as chimpanzees and gibbons, whereas expression of these antigens on RBCs is subtle in monkeys such as Japanese macaques. Previous studies have indicated that H-antigen expression has not completely developed on RBCs in monkeys. Such antigen expression requires the presence of H-antigen and A- or B-transferase expression in cells of erythroid lineage, although whether or not ABO gene regulation is associated with the difference of A- or B-antigen expression between Hominoidea and monkeys has not been examined. Since it has been suggested that ABO expression on human erythrocytes is dependent upon an erythroid cell-specific regulatory region or the + 5.8-kb site in intron 1, we compared the sequences of ABO intron 1 among non-human primates, and demonstrated the presence of sites orthologous to the + 5.8-kb site in chimpanzees and gibbons, and their absence in Japanese macaques. In addition, luciferase assays revealed that the former orthologues enhanced promoter activity, whereas the corresponding site in the latter did not. These results suggested that the A- or B-antigens on RBCs might be ascribed to emergence of the + 5.8-kb site or the corresponding regions in ABO through genetic evolution.


Asunto(s)
Hylobates , Pan troglodytes , Animales , Intrones/genética , Pan troglodytes/genética , Hylobates/genética , Macaca fuscata , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/genética , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/metabolismo , Células Eritroides/metabolismo , Secuencias Reguladoras de Ácidos Nucleicos , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Primates/genética , Antígenos/metabolismo
5.
J Forensic Leg Med ; 93: 102474, 2023 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36577210

RESUMEN

A woman in her 80s was found unconscious after being hit by a car while crossing a road. After admission to hospitals, computed tomography (CT) scans revealed traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the patient was treated symptomatically. However, despite improvement of TBI in CT images, she died unexpectedly. Postmortem CT demonstrated cerebral infarction in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA). Histopathological examination revealed lumen-obstructing thrombosis and intimal injury upstream of the thrombosis in the right MCA. These findings suggested that the intimal injury in the MCA had led to thrombus formation, and thromboembolism in the region distal to the injury leading to post-traumatic cerebral infarction (PTCI). Both postmortem CT and autopsy were able to reveal the final condition of the deceased, which had not been fully anticipated by the clinicians who had treated her after the accident. The longitudinal antemortem to postmortem course revealed by multiple CT images and the histopathological examination provided crucial clues to the pathogenesis of PTCI in this case.


Asunto(s)
Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo , Trombosis , Humanos , Femenino , Arteria Cerebral Media/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Cerebral Media/patología , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Infarto Cerebral/etiología , Infarto Cerebral/patología , Autopsia , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Trombosis/complicaciones , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/complicaciones
6.
J Forensic Sci ; 67(3): 1124-1131, 2022 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35088897

RESUMEN

Forensic pathologists are required to investigate lethal trauma or disease at autopsy. In addition to massive contusions of various organs, a number of small features with potentially fatal implications also need to be sought. Since such lesions may need microscopic examinations for detailed evaluation, it is important to select suitable anatomic locations for tissue sampling. For practical screening of small lesions, we have developed a tissue optical clearing (TOC) technique for forensic autopsy. The technique involves clearing with a non-toxic organic solvent, ethyl cinnamate, which renders excised organs transparent, while hemorrhages or blood-containing vessels remain opaque. Using this technique, tiny hemorrhages in the spinal cord were able to be identified by gross examination, allowing proper selection of locations for tissue sampling. Subsequent histopathological evaluation was successfully performed with no apparent artifacts related with the TOC procedure. In addition, a combination of TOC and targeted CT angiography allowed feasible examination of the arterial occlusive lesion in the superior mesenteric artery, and when combined with micro-CT scanning it was useful for evaluating the lumen of the coronary artery with stent implantation. The results obtained so far indicated that TOC could complement routine forensic autopsy procedures when detailed evaluation of small lesions is required.


Asunto(s)
Vasos Coronarios , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Autopsia/métodos , Patologia Forense/métodos , Hemorragia , Humanos
7.
Transfusion ; 62(2): 469-480, 2022 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34918362

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Reduction of blood group ABO antigens on red blood cells (RBCs) is well known in patients with leukemias, and this reduction of ABO expression is strongly associated with DNA methylation of the ABO promoter. Previously, we reported a two-nucleotide deletion in RUNX1 encoding an abnormally elongated protein lacking the trans-activation domain in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) showing A-antigen loss on RBCs. This prompted us to investigate the underlying mechanism responsible for A-antigen reduction on RBCs in another patient with MDS. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Screening of somatic mutations was carried out using a targeted sequencing panel with genomic DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patient and eleven MDS controls without A- or B-antigen loss. DNA methylation of the ABO promoter was examined by bisulfite genomic sequencing. Transient transfection assays were performed for functional evaluation of mutations. RESULTS: Screening of somatic mutations showed missense mutations in RUNX1 and GATA2 in the patient, while no mutation was found in exons of those genes in the controls. There was no significant difference in ABO promoter methylation between the patient and the controls. Transient transfection experiments into COS-7 and K562 cells suggested that the amino acid substitutions encoded by those mutations reduced or lost the trans-activation potential of the ABO expression. CONCLUSION: Considering the discrepancy between the variant frequencies of these mutations and the ratios of the RBCs with A-antigens loss, the antigen reduction might be associated with these somatic mutations and hypermethylation of the ABO promoter.


Asunto(s)
Subunidad alfa 2 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/genética , Subunidad alfa 2 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/genética , Subunidad alfa 2 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción GATA2/genética , Factor de Transcripción GATA2/metabolismo , Humanos , Leucocitos Mononucleares , Mutación , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/genética
8.
Leg Med (Tokyo) ; 52: 101898, 2021 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33962163

RESUMEN

Postmortem computed tomography is now being used more commonly for routine forensic investigation. The use of 3D reconstruction techniques including virtual gastroscopy is effective and also improves the speed of interpretation, recognition, and description of specific clinical conditions. However, it has been unclear whether postmortem virtual endoscopy could be applicable for medicolegal autopsy or whether it could complement pathological examination at autopsy. Here, we investigated the applicability of postmortem virtual gastroscopy by reviewing 295 medicolegal autopsy cases seen at our institution, and found four cases in which the technique had been able to demonstrate features corresponding to changes that were evident at autopsy. Thus,postmortem virtual gastroscopy would have only rarely been effective forvisualizing any change in the stomach in such cases. In addition, we describe in detail three of those cases in which virtual gastroscopy had been able to visualize changes in the stomach, including a gastric ulcer, a polyp, and the presence of foamy fluid, which were all verified at autopsy. In those cases, virtual gastroscopy was useful for understanding features in the stomach of the deceased, which were revealed by axial images of the abdomen, to forensic pathologists who were not familiar with PMCT 2D images. Taken together, our findings suggest that postmortem virtual gastroscopy might help facilitate clear, straightforward sharing of information about PMCT images of complex anatomical structures among radiologists and forensic pathologists, as well as non-medical professionals with a limited knowledge of anatomy and physiology.


Asunto(s)
Gastroscopía , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Abdomen , Autopsia , Humanos , Estómago/diagnóstico por imagen
9.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 7325, 2021 04 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33795748

RESUMEN

The human ABO blood group system is of great importance in blood transfusion and organ transplantation. ABO transcription is known to be regulated by a constitutive promoter in a CpG island and regions for regulation of cell-specific expression such as the downstream + 22.6-kb site for epithelial cells and a site in intron 1 for erythroid cells. Here we investigated whether the + 22.6-kb site might play a role in transcriptional regulation of the gene encoding odorant binding protein 2B (OBP2B), which is located on the centromere side 43.4 kb from the + 22.6-kb site. In the gastric cancer cell line KATOIII, quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated significantly reduced amounts of OBP2B and ABO transcripts in mutant cells with biallelic deletions of the site created using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, relative to those in the wild-type cells, and Western blotting demonstrated a corresponding reduction of OBP2B protein in the mutant cells. Moreover, single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization assays indicated that the amounts of both transcripts were correlated in individual cells. These findings suggest that OBP2B could be co-regulated by the + 22.6-kb site of ABO.


Asunto(s)
Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Lipocalinas/biosíntesis , Línea Celular Tumoral , Islas de CpG , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Hibridación in Situ , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Intrones , Lipocalinas/genética , Mutación , Fenotipo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , RNA-Seq , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo
10.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 3379, 2021 02 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33564039

RESUMEN

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide as a pandemic throughout 2020. Since the virus uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for cellular entry, increment of ACE2 would lead to an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. At the same time, an association of the ABO blood group system with COVID-19 has also been highlighted: there is increasing evidence to suggest that non-O individuals are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 than O individuals. These findings imply that simultaneous suppression of ACE2 and ABO would be a promising approach for prevention or treatment of COVID-19. Notably, we have previously clarified that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are able to suppress ABO expression in vitro. Against this background, we further evaluated the effect of HDACIs on cultured epithelial cell lines, and found that HDACIs suppress both ACE2 and ABO expression simultaneously. Furthermore, the amount of ACE2 protein was shown to be decreased by one of the clinically-used HDACIs, panobinostat, which has been reported to reduce B-antigens on cell surfaces. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that panobinostat could have the potential to serve as a preventive drug against COVID-19.


Asunto(s)
Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/metabolismo , Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacología , Panobinostat/farmacología , Ácido Butírico/farmacología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Línea Celular , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Serina Endopeptidasas , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19
11.
J Forensic Sci ; 66(3): 1148-1153, 2021 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33320985

RESUMEN

With the increasing use of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) in medicolegal autopsies, three-dimensional (3D) models of injured areas can now be generated from multislice computed tomography images. However, since PMCT has low sensitivity for detecting injuries in solid organs in the absence of contrast administration, it has been difficult to demonstrate the tracks of stab wounds leading to solid organ injury using 3D reconstruction. Here, we report one homicide case with two stab wounds. On the skin surface, the stab wounds were located on the neck and anterior chest wall. A medicolegal autopsy revealed that one stab wound in the neck had penetrated the wall of the right pleural cavity and the upper portion of the right lung whereas the other stab wound in the anterior chest wall had penetrated the right diaphragm and the heart. To illustrate the tracks of the stab wounds, superimposed CT images of the body, the excised organ, and a knife model were constructed to obtain a 3D model. This allowed clear and concise visualization of the complex relationship of the knife to the heart incision and the stab wound on the chest surface.


Asunto(s)
Simulación por Computador , Lesiones Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Heridas Punzantes/diagnóstico por imagen , Medicina Legal/métodos , Homicidio , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Biológicos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Imagen de Cuerpo Entero
12.
Transfusion ; 60(1): 184-196, 2020 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31840280

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Loss of blood group ABO antigens on red blood cells (RBCs) is well known in patients with leukemias, and such decreased ABO expression has been reported to be strongly associated with hypermethylation of the ABO promoter. We investigated the underlying mechanism responsible for A-antigen reduction on RBCs in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Genetic analysis of ABO was performed by PCR and sequencing using peripheral blood. RT-PCR were carried out using cDNA prepared from total bone marrow (BM) cells. Bisulfite genomic sequencing was performed using genomic DNA from BM cells. Screening of somatic mutations was carried out using a targeted sequencing panel with genomic DNA from BM cells, followed by transient transfection assays. RESULTS: Genetic analysis of ABO did not reveal any mutation in coding regions, splice sites, or regulatory regions. RT-PCR demonstrated reduction of A-transcripts when the patient's RBCs were not agglutinated by anti-A antibody and did not indicate any significant increase of alternative splicing products in the patient relative to the control. DNA methylation of the ABO promoter was not obvious in erythroid cells. Targeted sequencing identified somatic mutations in ASXL1, EZH2, RUNX1, and WT1. Experiments involving transient transfection into K562 cells showed that the expression of ABO was decreased by expression of the mutated RUNX1. CONCLUSION: Because the RUNX1 mutation encoded an abnormally elongated protein without a transactivation domain which could act as dominant negative inhibitor, this frame-shift mutation in RUNX1 may be a genetic candidate contributing to A-antigen loss on RBCs.


Asunto(s)
Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/biosíntesis , Subunidad alfa 2 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/genética , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Mutación , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/genética , Subunidad alfa 2 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Proteína Potenciadora del Homólogo Zeste 2/biosíntesis , Proteína Potenciadora del Homólogo Zeste 2/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Células K562 , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/sangre , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/genética , Proteínas Represoras/biosíntesis , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Proteínas WT1/biosíntesis , Proteínas WT1/genética
13.
Leg Med (Tokyo) ; 35: 9-11, 2018 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30227264

RESUMEN

Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) is becoming used more commonly in routine forensic investigation. CT is sensitive for detection of metal foreign bodies. Here we report a case of suicide due to self-ignition of kerosene that the victim had poured over herself. Prior to autopsy, PMCT detected tiny radiopaque particles arranged in a row in the surface of the back and either thigh, together with a series of similar particles under the skin lateral to the breasts or the bilateral inguinal region. At autopsy, external examination revealed third-degree burns involving charred tissues all over the body except for the head. Tattoos were visible on the back and on either thigh. The tattoos had colored designs, and the red portions corresponded to the radiopaque particles in the surface of the body. Internal examination demonstrated swelling of the axillary and inguinal lymph nodes, which corresponded to the radiopaque particles. A wave length-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed deposition of mercury and titanium in the inguinal lymph nodes. Thus, it was plausible that the ink could have contributed to the radiopaque particles found by PMCT in the surface of the back and thighs, as well in the lymph nodes. The present case was able to provide clues for interpretation of radiopaque particles revealed by PMCT in the surface of the body.


Asunto(s)
Cuerpos Extraños/diagnóstico por imagen , Cuerpos Extraños/metabolismo , Medicina Legal/métodos , Compuestos de Mercurio/metabolismo , Cambios Post Mortem , Tatuaje , Titanio/metabolismo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Femenino , Humanos , Tinta , Ganglios Linfáticos/diagnóstico por imagen , Ganglios Linfáticos/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Piel/diagnóstico por imagen , Piel/metabolismo , Suicidio
14.
Leg Med (Tokyo) ; 32: 87-89, 2018 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29605791

RESUMEN

Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) is becoming a commonly used modality in routine forensic investigation. Mechanical injuries including lacerations, incisions, stab wounds and gunshot wounds frequently contain foreign bodies that may have significant value as clues in criminal investigations. CT is a sensitive modality for detection of metal foreign bodies that may be associated with injuries to the victim in cases of homicide or traffic accidents. Here we report two cases in which PMCT was able to act as a guide to forensic pathologists for retrieval of metal fragments in the corpses of the victims, the retrieved fragments then being used to validate the confessions of the assailants through comparison with the knife and the crowbar, respectively, that had been used in the crimes. In these cases, the small metal fragments retrieved from the corpses of the victims with the aid of PMCT were decisive pieces of evidence confirming the circumstances of the crimes. These cases illustrate how PMCT can be used to complement the findings of classical autopsy for integrative investigation of corpses with injury.


Asunto(s)
Autopsia , Cuerpos Extraños/diagnóstico por imagen , Homicidio , Metales/aislamiento & purificación , Armas , Heridas y Lesiones/diagnóstico por imagen , Heridas y Lesiones/patología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Patologia Forense/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X
15.
Neurocase ; 24(5-6): 269-275, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30810493

RESUMEN

Early life stress (ELS) has been suggested to cause epigenetic changes to genes in the brain, such as the Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3, Group C, Member 1 gene (NR3C1). Conversely, evaluation of the epigenetic status in the postmortem brain might provide clues to the antemortem ELS experience. We examined DNA methylation of the 1F promoter region of NR3C1 in the postmortem brains of eight children including four ELS cases. As a result, DNA methylation was evident in ELS cases due to severe physical abuse. Epigenetic status may have potential application as a biomarker for clarifying the antemortem experiences of deceased.


Asunto(s)
Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Cerebelo/metabolismo , Metilación de ADN/genética , Epigénesis Genética/genética , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Abuso Físico , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Autopsia , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Estudios Retrospectivos
16.
Leg Med (Tokyo) ; 27: 1-4, 2017 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28577412

RESUMEN

An 84-year-old man who had suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease accompanied by moderate pneumonia as well as gastric cancer with liver metastasis was found dead by a nurse, who noticed that the patient's intravenous catheter in the left forearm had been erroneously connected to an oxygen supply in his hospital room, leading to infusion of oxygen into a vein. Postmortem CT scanning demonstrated multiple accumulations of gas in the pulmonary artery, the right atrium and ventricle, as well as the left subclavian and brachiocephalic veins, corresponding to the route that the infused gas would have taken to the heart and pulmonary artery. Conventional autopsy revealed the presence of gas in the right ventricle. These findings suggested that the immediate cause of death was a gas embolus due to oxygen that had entered the cardiopulmonary circulation via the intravenous catheter. This case highlights the usefulness of postmortem imaging as an aid to conventional autopsy for demonstrating gas embolism.


Asunto(s)
Autopsia , Cánula , Embolia Aérea , Oxígeno/administración & dosificación , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Resultado Fatal , Patologia Forense , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica
17.
Transfusion ; 57(3): 554-562, 2017 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28019030

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The ABO system is of fundamental importance in the fields of transfusion and transplantation and has apparent associations with certain diseases, including cardiovascular disorders. ABO expression is reduced in the late phase of erythroid differentiation in vitro, whereas histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are known to promote cell differentiation. Therefore, whether or not HDACIs could reduce the amount of ABO transcripts and A or B antigens is an intriguing issue. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Quantitative polymerase chain reactions were carried out for the ABO transcripts in erythroid-lineage K562 and epithelial-lineage KATOIII cells after incubation with HDACIs, such as sodium butyrate, panobinostat, vorinostat, and sodium valproate. Flow cytometric analysis was conducted to evaluate the amounts of antigen in KATOIII cells treated with panobinostat. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and luciferase assays were performed on both cell types to examine the mechanisms of ABO suppression. RESULTS: HDACIs reduced the ABO transcripts in both K562 and KATOIII cells, with panobinostat exerting the most significant effect. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated a decrease in B-antigen expression on panobinostat-treated KATOIII cells. ChIP assays indicated that panobinostat altered the modification of histones in the transcriptional regulatory regions of ABO, and luciferase assays demonstrated reduced activity of these elements. CONCLUSION: ABO transcription seems to be regulated by an epigenetic mechanism. Panobinostat appears to suppress ABO transcription, reducing the amount of antigens on the surface of cultured cells.


Asunto(s)
Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/biosíntesis , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Epigénesis Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacología , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Células K562
18.
Leg Med (Tokyo) ; 23: 55-58, 2016 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27890105

RESUMEN

A 58-year-old woman who had presented for upper gastrointestinal barium examination accidently slipped from the movable bed, and her head became compressed between the end of the bed and the side wall. She suffered massive bleeding from her nose and ear followed by cardiac arrest, and subsequent attempts at cardiopulmonary resuscitation failed. A medicolegal autopsy was performed to reveal the cause of death, as part of the investigation of the accident. During the autopsy, postmortem cerebral CT angiography was carried out by injection of 5% gelatin-barium emulsion as a radiopaque contrast medium into the bilateral common carotid arteries, demonstrating transudation of the contrast medium into the right acoustic meatus and the sphenoidal sinus cavity. Considering that the body appeared anemic and that PMCTA suggested vascular injuries, the cause of death was definitively determined to be hemorrhagic shock due to injuries to the right internal carotid artery, accompanied by skull base fracture. Postmortem CT angiography played an important role in confirming that the vascular injuries had been responsible for the bleeding, as the lesions could not be fully confirmed by native CT or macroscopic examination.


Asunto(s)
Autopsia , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Fracturas Óseas/patología , Base del Cráneo/irrigación sanguínea , Lesiones del Sistema Vascular/patología , Angiografía Cerebral , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad
19.
J Biol Chem ; 291(43): 22594-22606, 2016 Oct 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27587399

RESUMEN

The human ABO blood group system is of great importance in blood transfusion and organ transplantation. The ABO system is composed of complex carbohydrate structures that are biosynthesized by A- and B-transferases encoded by the ABO gene. However, the mechanisms regulating ABO gene expression in epithelial cells remain obscure. On the basis of DNase I-hypersensitive sites in and around ABO in epithelial cells, we prepared reporter plasmid constructs including these sites. Subsequent luciferase assays and histone modifications indicated a novel positive regulatory element, designated the +22.6-kb site, downstream from ABO, and this was shown to enhance ABO promoter activity in an epithelial cell-specific manner. Expression of ABO and B-antigen was reduced in gastric cancer KATOIII cells by biallelic deletion of the +22.6-kb site using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that the site bound to an epithelial cell-specific transcription factor, Elf5. Mutation of the Ets binding motifs to abrogate binding of this factor reduced the regulatory activity of the +22.6-kb site. Furthermore, ELF5 knockdown with shRNA reduced both endogenous transcription from ABO and B-antigen expression in KATOIII cells. Thus, Elf5 appeared to be involved in the enhancer potential of the +22.6-kb site. These results support the contention that ABO expression is dependent upon a downstream positive regulatory element functioning through a tissue-restricted transcription factor, Elf5, in epithelial cells.


Asunto(s)
Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/biosíntesis , Epitelio/metabolismo , Motivos de Nucleótidos/fisiología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-ets/metabolismo , Elementos de Respuesta/fisiología , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Humanos , Células K562 , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-ets/genética , Factores de Transcripción
20.
Leg Med (Tokyo) ; 22: 13-7, 2016 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27591533

RESUMEN

We investigated a case of sudden unexpected death involving a 22-month-old male homozygotic twin infant. After both of the twins had suffered from gastroenteritis, one was found dead in his bed, but his brother survived and has since been healthy. Notably, only the deceased had been treated with an antibiotic containing pivalic acid, which may sometimes cause hypocarnitinemia. Postmortem computed tomography and medicolegal autopsy demonstrated severe liver steatosis, and subsequent genetic analysis revealed that the twin had the thermolabile variant of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 (CPT2). On the basis of these facts, we concluded that the cause of death had been fatty acid oxidation deficiency accelerated by an antibiotic containing pivalic acid and virus infection in this infant harboring the thermolabile genetic variant of CPT2. Although each factor alone was not fatal, their combination appeared to have resulted in sudden unexpected infant death.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Carnitina O-Palmitoiltransferasa/genética , Homocigoto , Ácidos Pentanoicos/administración & dosificación , Infecciones por Rotavirus , Muerte Súbita del Lactante/etiología , Gemelos , Autopsia , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino
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