A New Member of the Metal-Porphyrin Frameworks Family: Structure, Physicochemical Properties, Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide Adsorption.

A novel holmium-based porous metal-porphyrin framework, {(H3 O+ )[Ho(H2 TPPS)]- ⋅ 4H2 O}n (denoted as UPJS-17), was synthesised by hydrothermal reaction. Structural analysis reveals, that UPJS-17 has a three-dimensional open framework. The framework is negatively charged and the negative charge is compensated by hydronium cation. The compound showed no N2 adsorption but the Ar, CO2 and H2 . From the argon adsorption, the surface area of ~150 m2 g-1 was determined. Carbon dioxide adsorption was measured at various temperatures (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 °C) and the compound showed the highest adsorption capacity (at 0 °C) of 7.0 wt % of CO2 . From the carbon dioxide adsorption isotherms the isosteric heat of 56,5 kJ mol-1 was determined. Hydrogen adsorption was studied at -196 °C with hydrogen uptake of 2.1 wt % at 1 bar.

Triangulo-{ErIII 3} complex showing field supported slow magnetic relaxation.

The triangulo-{Er3} complex [Er3Cl(o-van)3(OH)2(H2O)5]Cl3·nH2O (n = 9.4; H(o-van) = o-vanillin) (1) was generated by an in situ method. The isolated Er(iii) complex 1 was characterized by elemental analysis and molecular spectroscopy. The results of single crystal X-ray diffraction studies have shown that 1 is built up of trinuclear [Er3Cl(o-van)3(OH)2(H2O)5]3+ complex cations, chloride anions and water solvate molecules. Within the complex cation the three Er(iii) central atoms are placed at the apexes of a triangle which are bridged by three (o-van)- ligands with additional chelating functions and two µ3-OH- ligands. Additionally five aqua and one chlorido ligands complete the octa-coordination of the three Er(iii) atoms. AC susceptibility measurements reveal that the compound exhibits slow magnetic relaxation with two relaxation modes.

Anion-Dependent Synthesis of Cu(II) Complexes with 2-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-1H-indole: Synthesis, X-Ray Structures, and Radical Scavenging Activity.

Two mononuclear Cu(II) complexes, [Cu(phen)2(HL)]ClO4·H2O·2DMF (1) and [Cu(phen)2(HL)2]·EtOH (2), comprising 1,10-phentantroline (phen) and 2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1H-indole ligand (H2L) ligands are reported. Analysis and characterization of the samples were performed using standard physicochemical techniques, elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography revealed the formation of a pentacoordinate complex in 1 and a hexacoordinate complex in 2, in which the anionic ligand HL- has undergone monodentate coordination through the tetrazole unit. Furthermore, the crystal structure of H2L·MeOH is also discussed. The potential application of compounds 1 and 2 in bioinorganic chemistry was addressed by investigating their radical scavenging activity with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and the results were supported also by theoretical calculations.

Synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity of penaresidin-related stereoisomeric analogues.

A straightforward route to penaresidin-based derivatives with an unsubstituted alkyl side chain was developed. To construct these stereoisomeric azetidene-derived alkaloids, [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements followed by late stage olefin cross metathesis and an intramolecular nucleophilic type substitution were involved as the key transformations. The protected d-ribofuranose was chosen as the sole chiral source. The ability of target molecules to inhibit cancer cells proliferation was evaluated on a panel of five malignant cell lines.

Synthesis and mannosidase inhibitory profile of a small library of aminocyclitols from shikimic acid-derived scaffolds.

A short synthetic route to a small library of aminocyclitols 14·HCl-19·HCl has been elaborated from the common shikimic acid-derived scaffolds 20 and 21. The developed strategy features three oxidative processes ‒ ozonolysis, dihydroxylation and epoxidation ‒ as the key transformations. The stereochemistry of the newly created stereocentres was confirmed either via crystallographic analysis or by means of NOESY experiments conducted on advanced intermediates. Glycosidase inhibition study revealed no glucosidase inhibition and only weak inhibitory activity against recombinant Drosophila melanogaster Golgi mannosidase (GMIIb).

The Structural and Magnetic Properties of FeII and CoII Complexes with 2-(furan-2-yl)-5-pyridin-2-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazole.

Two novel coordination compounds containing heterocyclic bidentate N,N-donor ligand 2-(furan-2-yl)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (fpo) were synthesized. A general formula for compounds originating from perchlorates of iron, cobalt, and fpo can be written as: [M(fpo)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 (M = Fe(II) for (1) Co(II) for (2)). The characterization of compounds was performed by general physico-chemical methods-elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in case of organics, and single crystal X-ray diffraction (sXRD). Moreover, magneto-chemical properties were studied employing measurements in static field (DC) for 1 and X-band EPR (Electron paramagnetic resonance), direct current (DC), and alternating current (AC) magnetic measurements in case of 2. The analysis of DC magnetic properties revealed a high spin arrangement in 1, significant rhombicity for both complexes, and large magnetic anisotropy in 2 (D = -21.2 cm-1). Moreover, 2 showed field-induced slow relaxation of the magnetization (Ueff = 65.3 K). EPR spectroscopy and ab initio calculations (CASSCF/NEVPT2) confirmed the presence of easy axis anisotropy and the importance of the second coordination sphere.

In situ decomposition of deep eutectic solvent as a novel approach in liquid-liquid microextraction.

In this study, a novel approach for effective liquid-liquid microextraction based on deep eutectic solvent (DES) decomposition was suggested for the first time. It was established that DESs synthesized from tetrabutylammonium bromide and long-chain alcohols decomposed in aqueous phase resulting in in situ dispersion of organic phase and extraction of hydrophobic analyte(s). It this process long-chain alcohol acted as an extraction solvent and tetrabutylammonium bromide acted as a dispersive agent and promoted mass transfer between aqueous and organic phases as a salting out agent. Phenomenon of DES decomposition was studied in detail and applied for separation and preconcentration in chemical analysis for the first time. The developed approach was applied for 17ß-estradiol microextraction from transdermal gel samples as a proof-of-concept example. The results showed that the in situ dispersed organic phase obtained can provide efficient extraction of 17ß-estradiol with good extraction recovery (95 ±â€¯5%) and excellent reproducibility (6%). The reported approach proves to be fast, simple, and inexpensive.

A stereoselective approach towards a small library of cytotoxic isomeric sphingoid bases.

Two approaches to a small library of cytotoxic dihydrosphingosine analogues are described. [3,3]-Sigmatropic rearrangements along with an OCM reaction were used as the key steps for the construction of the two isodihydrosphingosines ent-6 and 10, whereas the functional group manipulations, including Grubbs' metathesis chemistry, were applied to known isothiocyanate scaffolds 15 and 16 to provide access to the enantiomeric forms of ent-6 and 10 and diastereomeric isophytosphingosines ent-7.HCl and 14. Cell viability experiments revealed that the target isomeric sphingoid bases were more potent than the traditional anticancer agent cisplatin, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range for the most active compounds.

Novel zinc complexes of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, niflumic acid: Structural characterization, human-DNA and albumin binding properties.

Three novel Zn(II) complexes of NSAID niflumic acid (Hnif) were prepared and studied, namely; [Zn(MeOH)4(nif)2] (1), [Zn(cyclam)(nif)2] (2) and [Zn(nif)2(tmen)] (3), where nif is deprotonated niflumic acid, cyclam is 1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradecane and tmen is N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylethylenediamine. The complexes have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental and thermal analysis and single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. All three complexes contain two deprotonated niflumato anions monodentately coordinated via carboxylato groups. Furthermore, fluorescence binding studies of the prepared compounds with human genomic DNA-EB (ethidium bromide) were carried out, which suggest that all complexes are able to bind to DNA via intercalation. Moreover, from the obtained results it followed that complexes 2 and 3 bind to DNA from the tissue with aortic aneurysm (aDNA) and control (cDNA) with a different strength. Additionally, complexes 1-3 exhibit good binding affinity to human serum albumin with high binding constant.

Disorder of the dimeric TCNQ-TCNQ unit in the crystal structure of [Ni(bpy)3]2(TCNQ-TCNQ)(TCNQ)2·6H2O (TCNQ is 7,7,8,8-tetra-cyano-quinodi-methane).

Crystallization from an aqueous methanol system composed of Ni(NO3)2, 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and LiTCNQ (TCNQ is 7,7,8,8-tetra-cyano-quinodi-methane) in a 1:3:2 molar ratio yielded single crystals of bis-[tris-(2,2'-bi-pyridine-κ2N,N')nickel(II)] bis-(7,7,8,8-tetra-cyano-quinodi-methane radical anion) bi[7,7,8,8-tetra-cyano-quino-dimethanide] hexa-hydrate, [Ni(C10H8N2)3]2(C24H8N8)(C12H4N4)2·6H2O or [Ni(bpy)3]2(TCNQ-TCNQ)(TCNQ)2·6H2O. The crystal structure comprises [Ni(bpy)3]2+ complex cations, two centrosymmetric crystallographically independent TCNQ ·- anion radicals with π-stacked exo groups, and an additional dimeric TCNQ-TCNQ unit which comprises 75.3 (9)% of a σ-dimerized (TCNQ-TCNQ)2- dianion and 24.7 (9)% of two TCNQ·- anion radicals with tightly π-stacked exo groups. The title complex represents the first example of an NiII complex containing a σ-dimerized (TCNQ-TCNQ)2- dianion. Disordered solvent water mol-ecules present in the crystal structure participate in hydrogen-bonding inter-actions.

New silver complexes with bioactive glycine and nicotinamide molecules - Characterization, DNA binding, antimicrobial and anticancer evaluation.

This study introduces a pair of newly synthesized silver complexes, [Ag2(HGly)2]n(NO3)2n (1) and [Ag(Nam)2]NO3·H2O (2) (Gly - glycine, Nam - nicotinamide), that were prepared and characterized by relevant methods in solid state (elemental, spectral, thermal and structural analysis) and their stability in solution was verified by 1H NMR measurements. Moreover, suitable reaction conditions were observed by potentiometry depending on pH in case of binary system Ag-Gly. X-ray analysis confirmed argentophilic interactions in complex 1 with an Ag1-Ag2 distance of 2.8018(6) Å. Antimicrobial testing indicates higher growth inhibition effect of complex 1 than complex 2. Moreover the effectivity of both complexes against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) is superior (or similar) to that of the commercially available Ag(I) sulfadiazine, AgSD (used, for example, in Dermazine cream). The binding of the Ag(I) complexes to calf thymus DNA was investigated using electronic absorption, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectrophotometry. The Stern-Volmer quenching constants obtained from the linear quenching plot were estimated in the range from 2.01×103 to 20.34×103M-1. The results of topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II (Topo I and Topo II) inhibition assay suggested that complex 2 inhibits the enzyme activity of both enzymes at a concentration of 2µM. The cytotoxicity of both complexes on L1210 leukemia cells was revealed to be approximately three times higher than that of cisplatin. Moreover, the new Ag(I) complexes also induced apoptosis of the leukemia cells. The high DNA binding activity of these complexes is considered to be responsible for their cytotoxic effects.

A novel zinc(ii) metal-organic framework with a diamond-like structure: synthesis, study of thermal robustness and gas adsorption properties.

A solvothermal reaction of Zn(ii) salt with methanetetrabenzoic acid (H4MTB) and 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam, CYC) created a new microporous metal-organic framework {[Zn2(µ4-MTB)(κ(4)-CYC)2]·2DMF·7H2O}n (DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamide). Single crystal X-ray diffraction showed that the complex exhibits a four-fold interpenetrated diamond-like structure topology with 1D jar-like channels with sizes about 14.1 × 14.1 and 2.4 × 2.4 Å(2). The stability of the framework and activation conditions of the compound have been studied by high-energy powder X-ray diffraction during in situ heating, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy performed at different temperatures. The gas adsorption behaviour of {[Zn2(µ4-MTB)(κ(4)-CYC)2]·2DMF·7H2O}n was studied by adsorption of Ar, N2, CO2 and H2. Nitrogen and argon adsorption showed that the activated sample exhibits Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) specific surface areas of 644 m(2) g(-1) (N2) and 562 m(2) g(-1) (Ar). The complex adsorbs carbon dioxide with a maximum storage capacity of 10.5 wt% at 273 K and 101 kPa. The observed hydrogen uptake was 1.27 wt% at 77 K and 800 Torr, which is the highest value reported for the compounds containing a MTB(4-) linker. The adsorption heats of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, calculated according to the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, were in the range 22.8-22.4 kJ mol(-1) for CO2 and 8.9-3.2 kJ mol(-1) for H2, indicating weak interactions of the gases with the framework.

Visual detection and sequential injection determination of aluminium using a cinnamoyl derivative.

A cinnamoyl derivative, 3-[4-(dimethylamino)cinnamoyl]-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-2H-pyran-2-one, was used as a ligand for the determination of aluminium. Upon the addition of an acetonitrile solution of the ligand to an aqueous solution containing Al(III) and a buffer solution at pH 8, a marked change in colour from yellow to orange is observed. The colour intensity is proportional to the concentration of Al(III); thus, the 'naked-eye' detection of aluminium is possible. The reaction is also applied for sequential injection determination of aluminium. Beer׳s law is obeyed in the range from 0.055 to 0.66 mg L(-1) of Al(III). The limit of detection, calculated as three times the standard deviation of the blank test (n=10), was found to be 4 µg L(-1) for Al(III). The method was applied for the determination of aluminium in spiked water samples and pharmaceutical preparations.

Tetra-ammine-2κ(4) C-µ-cyanido-1:2κ(2) C:N-tricyanido-1κ(3) C-copper(II)palladium(II).

The title compound, [Cu(NH3)4-(µ2-NC)-Pd(CN)3], is a binuclear copper(II)palladium(II) complex, in which the Cu(II) coordination is defined by four ammine ligands and one bridging cyanide ligand. The Cu-N bond lengths in the base of the resulting CuN5 pyramid are in the range 2.016 (3)-2.024 (3) Šand the apical Cu-N( C) distance is 2.385 (4) Å. Based on the τ parameter, the shape of the coordination polyhedron is tetra-gonal-pyramidal (τ = 0). All atoms of the square-planar tetracyanidopalladate(II) moiety and the Cu(II) ion are located on a mirror plane. The electroneutral mol-ecules inter-act by N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation of a three-dimensional network.

Di-µ-hydroxido-bis-[hemiaqua-(N,N,N',N'-tetra-methyl-ethane-1,2-diamine)-copper(II)] bis-(tetra-fluoridoborate).

The title compound, [Cu(2)(OH)(2)(C(6)H(16)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)](BF(4))(2), consists of dinuclear centrosymmetric [Cu(2)(OH)(2)(tmen)(2)(H(2)O)](2+) complex cations (tmen = N,N,N',N'-tetra-methyl-ethane-1,2-diamine) and tetra-fluoridoborate anions. In the cation, the Cu(II) atom shows a slightly distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry provided by a pair of µ-OH(-) anions and by the N atoms of a chelate tmen ligand in the basal plane. The apical position is statistically occupied by the O atom of a half-occupancy water mol-ecule. The F atoms of the anion are disordered over three sets of sites with occupancies of 0.598 (9):0.269 (6):0.134 (8). The crystal packing is governed by ionic forces as well as by O-H⋯F hydrogen bonds.

An efficient synthesis of the polar part of sulfamisterin and its analogs.

An efficient synthesis of the polar part of sulfamisterin and its analogs starting from d-xylose is described. The corresponding allylic thiocyanates and trichloroacetimidates were subjected to aza-Claisen rearrangement that effectively generated a quaternary carbon having an amino group as one of the substituents. Subsequent functional group interconversions afforded the highly functionalized branched aminopolyol 29 that is expected to have the crucial application in the construction of sulfamisterin. On the other hand, the second diastereoisomer 34 would be transformed to 2-epi-congener. With respect to the appropriate stereochemical arrangement, the prepared polar segments 29 and 34 can also be utilized for the synthesis of mycestericins (E, G) and their analogs.

The chain structure of [Ni(C(4)H(2)O(4))(C(12)H(8)N(2))(H(2)O)](n) with different types of fumarate bridging.

Using modified solvothermal conditions (longer cooling time), beside previously characterized dark-green crystals of [Ni(C(4)H(2)O(4))(C(12)H(8)N(2))] (main product), a few light-green crystals of the polymeric title compound, catena-poly[[aqua-(1,10-phenanthroline-κ(2)N,N')nickel(II)]-µ-fumarato-κ(2)O:O'-[aqua-(1,10-phenanthroline-κ(2)N,N')nickel(II)]-µ-fumarato-κ(4)O,O':O'',O'''], [Ni(C(4)H(2)O(4))(C(12)H(8)N(2))(H(2)O)](n) were isolated. Its crystal structure is made up from zigzag chains, propagating in [001], in which the Ni(2+) ions are linked alternatively by µ(2)-fumarato and bis-chelating fumarato bridging ligands. The Ni(2+) ion is coordinated in a deformed octa-hedral geometry by one chelating 1,10-phenanthroline ligand, one aqua ligand in a cis position with regard to both N-donor atoms and by two different fumarato ligands, each residing with its central C=C bond on an inversion centre, occupying the remaining coordination sites in a fac fashion. The chains thus formed are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π inter-actions between the aromatic rings of the phenanthroline ligands with a shortest ring centroid separation of 3.4787 (10) Å.

A facile synthesis of D-ribo-C(20)-phytosphingosine and its C2 epimer from D-ribose.

A facile synthetic route to d-ribo-C(20)-phytosphingosine 31 and its C2 epimer 32 is described. The Overman rearrangement of allylic trichloroacetimidates derived from the known ribose derivative 7 has been used as the key step. The subsequent functional group interconversions in rearranged products 14 and 15 followed by Wittig olefination, Pd/C-mediated reduction and the removal of protecting groups successfully constructed the final molecules.

Total synthesis of a protected form of sphingofungin E using the [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of an allylic thiocyanate as the key reaction.

An approach to the stereocontrolled synthesis of the protected form of sphingofungin E (32) starting from the known protected d-glucose derivative 3 is described herein. For the construction of a tetrasubstituted carbon atom that is substituted with nitrogen, the [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of thiocyanate 8 was employed. Subsequent functional group interconversions afforded the highly functionalized fragment, allylic bromide 26. Its coupling reaction with the known C(12) hydrophobic segment 2, followed by further manipulation, completed the total synthesis.

Redetermination of aqua-(dihydrogen ethyl-enediamine-tetra-acetato-κO,O',N,N',O'')nickel(II).

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Ni(C(10)H(14)N(2)O(8))(H(2)O)] or [Ni(H(2)edta)(H(2)O)] (H(4)edta is ethyl-ene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid), originally determined by Smith & Hoard [J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1959), 81, 556-561] has been redetermined to a significantly higher precision. The Ni(II) atom is coordinated in a distorted octa-hedral geometry by two N atoms and three O atoms from three carboxyl-ate groups of the H(2)edta(2-) ligand and by an O atom of a water mol-ecule. The complex mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into layers perpendicular to [100].