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Introduction Genetic disorders pose a significant health challenge in India, with chromosomal abnormalities ranking second only to congenital anomalies in terms of disease burden. Prenatal testing offers a crucial strategy for identifying and managing these disorders. However, the awareness and understanding of prenatal screening tests among pregnant women in India remain understudied. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the awareness quotient of prenatal screening tests for genetic disorders among pregnant women in India. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Genetics Unit, Department of Anatomy, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri. Ethical clearance was obtained, and data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire covering demographic characteristics and awareness assessment. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analysis were employed for data analysis. Results Among the 200 pregnant women surveyed, the majority demonstrated inadequate awareness of prenatal screening tests for genetic disorders, with only 36.5% possessing adequate knowledge. Significant associations were found between awareness levels and factors such as age, trimester of pregnancy, and education level. Notably, awareness about non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) was notably low at 7%, indicating a need for targeted educational interventions. Comparison with international studies revealed varying levels of awareness across different populations, highlighting the influence of socio-cultural factors and healthcare systems. Conclusion This study underscores the need for improved awareness of prenatal screening tests among pregnant women in India. Addressing disparities in awareness, particularly among younger age groups and those with lower education levels, is crucial for informed decision-making in prenatal care. Targeted educational interventions can empower pregnant women to make informed choices, ultimately contributing to better maternal and child health outcomes. Further research should explore the effectiveness of such interventions in diverse settings to enhance prenatal care delivery.
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The right and left coronary ostia are located in relation with the sinus of Valsalva. The coronary ostia are located close to the aortic root, which is an important area for interventional cardiologists and radiologists. This study encompasses the topography, morphology and morphometry of the coronary Ostia. 90 cadaver heart specimens fixed in 10% formalin were dissected. Shape and location of the coronary ostia was determined. The diameter of the ostium and distance from the base of the cusp up to the ostium was measured with the help of a measuring scale. 76.6% of Right coronary ostia (RCO) and 73.3% of Left coronary ostia (LCO) were horizontally oval in shape. 16% of RCO and 23% LCO were circular and 7% of RCO and 10% of LCO were vertically oval in shape. The mean diameter of RCO & LCO was 2.5±1 mm and 2.8±1 mm respectively. 56.6% of Right coronary ostia and 52.2% of Left coronary ostia were located in the central (middle 1/3rd) position of the cusp. The ostia were located at a distance of 5-18 mm from the base of the cusp. The average diameter was 2.5 mm. The most common location was sinotubular and central, and the most common shape was horizontally oval. Occasionally, more than one ostium was seen in the right coronary sinus. Study of the topography, morphology and morphometry of coronary ostia is essential for cardiac interventional procedures done for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes
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