Interobserver Variability in Semen Analysis: Findings From a Quality Control Initiative.

Introduction For laboratory tests, precision and accuracy are indispensable to ensure reliable results for both clinical diagnosis and research endeavors. The accuracy and reliability of results are important because they have an impact on both patient management and research. In this study, we evaluated the inter-observer variability between a trained technician and two academic residents, which acted both as a quality control measure as well as an assessment of training outcomes. Material and methods Freshly obtained semen samples from 28 subjects coming to the andrology laboratory were used. Semen analysis was performed by a regular technician permanently posted in the laboratory and two residents on completion of their posting in the andrology laboratory. All three examined the same sample after liquefaction for assessment of sperm motility, sperm concentration, sperm vitality, and sperm morphology. Semen analysis was done as per the recommendations of the WHO. Results The results of the study are presented as a coefficient of variation (CV), S charts, and Bland-Altman plot where we evaluated the interobserver variability in parameters on semen analysis of the same sample by three different assessors. The mean CV for sperm concentration across the samples was 6.24%. For sperm vitality, sperm morphology, and sperm motility the mean CV was 10.14%, 2.66%, and 8.11%, respectively. The S chart and Bland-Altman plot found a few random errors in measurements. Conclusion Regular quality control assessments are essential and should be implemented in andrology laboratories to ensure accurate and reliable results. Proper training of laboratory personnel is also vital for consistent outcomes. Other measures such as equipment calibration, use of high-quality reagents, and standard reporting are also crucial for the best results from a laboratory.

Role of Hematological Parameters in the Grading of COVID-19 and a Model to Predict the Outcome in Inpatients.

Introduction Human coronaviruses, identified in the 1960s, are known culprits of respiratory infections. Classified into alpha, beta, gamma, and delta subgroups, these viruses have the capacity to transition from animal reservoirs to causing severe respiratory ailments in humans. Notable outbreaks like the 2003 severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS) epidemic and the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic underscore the recurring emergence of novel coronaviruses with severe human infection potential. COVID-19, driven by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly become a leading global cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Immune system disruptions and cytokine imbalances contribute to severe cases, necessitating early diagnosis and precise severity assessment. Methodology This retrospective cross-sectional study encompassed 211 COVID-19 patients admitted to AIIMS Patna from May to July 2020. Clinical and hematological parameters, including neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, red and white blood cell counts, platelet count, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin, and d-dimer, were meticulously recorded. Patients were categorized into non-severe and severe groups using the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) 2. Results  Our findings underscore the pivotal role of hematological markers in gauging COVID-19 severity. Notably, markers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR, lymphocyte monocyte ratio, platelet lymphocyte ratio, d-dimer, CRP, and serum ferritin exhibited notable elevation in severe cases. Survival analysis further established the predictive potential of these markers in assessing disease progression and mortality risk. We advocate for the integration of these markers into existing severity assessment frameworks to foster objective clinical evaluations. Conclusion In conclusion, our study unravels the intricate connection between COVID-19 severity and hematological parameters. We emphasize the early warning capabilities of NLR, derived NLR, platelet lymphocyte ratio, and other markers in predicting disease progression. This research underscores the imperative need to incorporate hematological markers into the evaluation of COVID-19 severity, thereby providing invaluable insights for enhancing clinical practice and patient outcomes.

The Effect of Age on Semen Quality Among Male Partners of Infertile Couples: An Observational Study in a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern India.

INTRODUCTION: Male infertility contributes to a significant proportion of infertility cases, and advanced paternal age has been suggested to affect semen quality and fertility. However, the relationship between age and semen quality remains inconclusive, with conflicting findings reported in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the effect of age on semen quality among male partners of infertile couples in a tertiary care center in eastern India. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, involving 390 male participants aged 21-50 years, who were referred to the andrology laboratory for semen analysis between January 2019 and December 2022. Participants were categorized into three age groups (21-30, 31-40, and 41-50 years). Semen parameters, including sperm concentration, semen volume, motility, and morphology, were assessed according to the World Health Organization guidelines. RESULTS: Among the participants, no significant differences were observed in semen volume, motility, and morphology across different age groups. However, a statistically significant difference in sperm concentration among the three age groups was observed (p = 0.022). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between age and sperm concentration (r = 0.124, p = 0.013) as well as total sperm count (r = 0.10, p = 0.049). CONCLUSION: In this study, no significant decline in semen quality with age was found among male partners of infertile couples aged 21-50 years. These findings highlight the complex relationship between age and semen quality and emphasize the need for further research to better understand the underlying mechanisms and provide more conclusive evidence regarding the impact of age on male fertility.

Olfactory Dysfunction as a Marker for Essential Hypertension in a Drug-Naive Adult Population: A Hospital-Based Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:  Essential hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity worldwide, but its precise etiology remains unclear. Although its prevalence is high, there is no established predictor for the condition at an early age. Recent research has suggested that olfactory function may be associated with blood pressure regulation. This study sought to explore the association between olfactory function and essential hypertension. METHODS:  Thirty middle-aged volunteers of both sexes with essential hypertension were recruited for the study along with 30 healthy control subjects matched for age and demographic characteristics. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and then underwent olfactory function tests to assess odor threshold and identification using the Indian Smell Identification Test (InSIT). The researchers calculated a combined threshold-identification score for both groups and performed the statistical analysis. RESULTS:  The study group showed significant olfactory scores in comparison to the control group participants. Control group showed a significantly higher mean combined olfactory score than the study population (p = 0.03). Significant negative correlation between systolic blood pressure and olfactory function (Pearson's coefficient = -0.329, p = 0.011) and a similar significant negative correlation between diastolic blood pressure and olfactory function (Pearson's coefficient = -0.252, p = 0.052) were the other observations. Gender differences did not account for any difference in the smell sense. CONCLUSIONS:  There may be a connection between olfactory function and blood pressure regulation in individuals with essential hypertension. However, further research is needed to better understand this association and to determine whether olfactory function could be used as a predictor or marker for hypertension.

The Electroencephalographic Characterization of Hypsarrhythmia in Older Pediatric Population With Epilepsy Using Computer-Added Quantitative Methods.

Background Hypsarrhythmia is a classical multifocal electroencephalographic finding in patients of infantile spasm and related epileptic syndromes of early childhood including West syndrome and Otahara syndrome. It usually presents in early infancy and persists up to the age of two years, after which it usually resolves. The persistence of hypsarrhythmia beyond the age of two years has rarely been reported in the literature. The present study is an attempt to investigate and compare the origin and activation pattern of epileptic activity between the subjects aged 3-10 years with and without hypsarrythmia. Material and methods Forty-one patients in the age group of 3-10 years with features suggestive of seizure have been studied for quantitative electroencephalographic characteristics after dividing into hypsarrythmic and normal seizure patterns. Result The power spectral density (PSD) of 15 patients with hypsarrhythmia showed a significantly predominant delta frequency in quantitative electrography (qEEG) in comparison to the seizure subjects with normal electroencephalography (EEG) patterns. The amplitude progression analysis of both groups showed that the origin of focus of the hypsarrhythmic pattern is from the occipital region while no such pattern has been noticed in the control group. Discussion and conclusion Hypsarrythmia is known to show multifocal origin. Predominant occipital origin in older age group subjects distinguishes the condition from classical hypsarrythmia of early childhood. The occipital origin may be indicative of persistent immaturity of the thalamocortical synaptic pathway.

Relationships among students' reading habits, study skills, and academic achievement in English at the secondary level.

Introduction: Reading is an attempt to comprehend the writer's message for personal growth and success in the relevant fields. Thus, psychologists consider it a multifaceted cognitive process of constructing meanings from texts. The present study was conducted to determine the relationships among students' reading habits, study skills, and academic achievement in English at the secondary level in Punjab, Pakistan. Methods: The (n = 1614) students enrolled in the science section for the academic year 2019-2020 participated in this descriptive correlational survey, selected from 40 high schools in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, through a non-proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The Reading Habits Questionnaire (RHQ) and the Study Skills Scale (SSS) were used to collect data about students' reading habits and study skills. At the same time, academic achievement was the students' grades obtained in the ninth class in the subject of English that were determined by the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) Lahore in 2019. Students' responses were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The results indicated that students have competent reading habits and study skills. The correlational findings showed a strong positive relationship among reading habits, study skills, and academic achievement in English, while moderate positive relationships between reading habits and academic achievement in English. However, regression analysis results were significant, while reading habits and study skills moderately predicted academic achievement. Discussion: It is implicated that teachers should plan such assignments and tasks based on reflective thinking by considering the role of study skills in academic achievement. Moreover, teachers and school administrators could mutually create timetables for library lessons to build reading habits and study skills among learners.

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on semen quality in male partners of infertile couples: a hospital-based observational study.

The effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on male fertility have received considerable attention because human testes contain high levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors, through which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can enter. Early studies showed decreases in semen quality during and after recovery from COVID-19. However, no semen quality studies have examined the effects of widespread subclinical and mild disease, as well as changes in lifestyle, psychosocial behavior, intake of dietary supplements, and stress. This cross-sectional study compared semen quality parameters in male partners of infertile couples between men who underwent semen analysis before the COVID-19 pandemic (prepandemic group) and men who underwent semen analysis during the pandemic period (pandemic group); the analysis sought to clarify the overall effects of the pandemic. No participants in the pandemic group had experienced clinically overt disease. Among the 239 participants, mean body weight (P = 0.001), mean body mass index (P < 0.001), median sperm concentration (P = 0.014), total sperm count (P = 0.006), and total percentages of motile (P = 0.013) and abnormal cells (P < 0.001) were significantly greater in the pandemic group (n = 137) than those in the prepandemic group (n = 102). Among abnormal cells, the percentages of cells with excess residual cytoplasm (P < 0.001), head defects (P < 0.001), and tail defects (P = 0.015) were significantly greater in the pandemic group than those in the prepandemic group. With the exception of morphology, the overall semenogram results were better in the pandemic group than those in the prepandemic group.

Semen Quality in Males Suffering From COVID-19: A Pilot Study.

Background It is well known that some viral infections may affect male fertility. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can lead to multiorgan damage through the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor, abundant in testicular tissue. However, little information is available regarding the shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in semen and its impact on spermatogenesis and fertility potential. We planned to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the semen of COVID-19 males and to study the effect of COVID-19 on semen quality and sperm DNA fragmentation index. Material and method Thirty COVID-19 male patients aged 19-45 registered to AIIMS Patna hospital participated in the survey between October 2020 and April 2021. We conducted a real-time reverse transcriptase test on all the semen samples. Detailed semen analysis, including the sperm DNA Fragmentation Index, was done at first sampling that is during COVID-19. After 74 days of the first sampling, we obtained the second sampling and repeated all the above tests. Results All semen samples collected in the first and second sampling tested with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were negative for SARS-CoV-2. In the first sampling, semen volume, vitality, total motility, sperm concentration, total sperm count, % normal morphology, % cytoplasmic droplet, and fructose were significantly lower. In contrast, semen agglutination, % head defect, DNA Fragmentation Index, liquefaction time, semen viscosity, and leukocytes were increased. These findings were reversed at the second sampling but not to the optimum level. All these findings were statistically significant (p < 0.05 for all). Thus, COVID-19 negatively affects semen parameters, including sperm DNA fragmentation index. Conclusion Although we could not find SARS-CoV-2 in the semen, the semen quality remained poor until the second sampling. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) clinics and sperm banking facilities should consider assessing the semen of COVID-19 males and exclude men with a positive history of SARS-CoV-2 until their semen quality returns to normal.

Role of cystatin C and calprotectin as potential early prognostic biomarkers in COVID-19 patients admitted to a dedicated COVID care facility.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed millions of lives. A tool for early prediction of severity and mortality risk is desirable for better utilization of health care facilities. Several biomarkers like D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP) and some recently explored biomarkers like serum cystatin C and serum calprotectin have been proposed as prognostic markers of COVID-19, but their role as prognostic markers is so far undefined. The present work attempted to investigate the possible role of serum cystatin C and serum calprotectin as prognostic tools to predict severity and outcome ahead of time. Material and Methods: This observational cohort study was carried out on 95 COVID-19 patients admitted to a dedicated COVID care facility from mid-October 2020 to January 2021. Serial estimations of serum cystatin C and serum calprotectin levels were done and assessed for significant difference between severe (NEWS 2 score ≥5) and non-severe (NEWS 2 score <5) groups, survivors and deceased and on the basis of comorbidities at each time points. Survival analysis was done based on the optimal thresholds for severity and mortality, calculated from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Result: The results showed that median cystatin C levels were significantly higher on the first day in the severe group (P < 0.001) and in patients with cardiovascular disease (P < 0.05), chronic lung disease (P = 0.009) and among patients who died (P < 0.05). It remained raised on day 3 in severe (P < 0.05) and deceased (P < 0.05) group. Serum calprotectin levels were significantly higher in patients with chronic lung disease (P = 0.008) and in those who died (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Serum cystatin C could be used as a tool for early prognosis and therapeutic decision-making for COVID-19 patients. Serum calprotectin seems to be a better marker of critical illness.

Exploring the role of content and language integrated learning approach in developing transversal skills in university students with respect to the mediating role of emotional intelligence.

Although a range of studies has explored the effects of the content and language integrated learning (CLIL) approach on students' achievement, its impact on improving university students' transversal skills (TSs) has remained largely unexplored in Iran. Thus, the present study has a two-fold purpose. First, it aims to investigate the role of the CLIL approach in improving Iranian university students' TSs. Second, it purports to explore the mediating role of emotional intelligence (EI) in the relationship between the CLIL approach and TSs. For this purpose, a survey design was used wherein a research-made questionnaire was distributed among 123 university students to gather the required data. Findings disclosed that the CLIL approach had a positive role in developing the university students' TSs. Further, the results indicated that EI positively affected the development of TSs in university students. Moreover, the findings evidenced that EI significantly mediated the relationship between the CLIL approach and the development of the university students' TSs. The study concludes that applying the CLIL approach involves an entirely new paradigm, offering valuable implications for relevant stakeholders.

Innovative application of new media in visual communication design and resistance to innovation.

It has become essential to create and apply new media in visual communication design due to social media existence. This study aims to investigate the role of innovative applications of new media in visual communication design in educational institutions. Traditional media design in visual communication lacks to disseminate information more effectively, which requires innovative change. Therefore, this study attempts to highlight the role of innovative application of new media in visual communication by considering visual expression design with information technology (IT), flexible layout, diversified modes of transmission, and interactivity of integration. For this purpose, this study adopted a quantitative research approach in which a cross-sectional research design is followed. A questionnaire survey is carried out to collect data from educational institutions in China. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) is used for data analysis. Results of the study indicated that innovative applications of new media have central importance in visual communication. However, resistance to innovative change has a negative role in the relationship between innovative applications of new media and visual communication design. Results of the study highlighted that visual expression design with IT, flexible layout, diversified modes of transmission, and interactivity of integration have a positive effect on visual communication design. Therefore, among the educational intuitions of China, implementing innovative applications related to the new media can lead to visual communication design. The results of this study provided several insights for the practitioners to promote communication methods among educational institutions.

Role of Psychological Contracts in Enhancing Employee Creativity Through Knowledge Sharing: Do Boundary Conditions of Organization's Socialization and Work-Related Curiosity Matter?

COVID-19 has had a huge impact on workers and workplaces across the world while putting regular work practices into disarray. Apart from the obvious effects of COVID-19, the pandemic is anticipated to have a variety of social-psychological, health-related, and economic implications for individuals at work. Despite extensive research on psychological contracts and knowledge sharing, these domains of pedagogic endeavor have received relatively little attention in the context of employee creativity subjected to the boundary conditions of the organization's socialization and work-related curiosity. This study investigates, empirically, the role of psychological contracts in escalating employee creativity through knowledge sharing by considering the moderating role of an organization's socialization and work-related curiosity. The response received from 372 employees of the manufacturing sector has been investigated and analyzed through Smart PLS software. The results have revealed that knowledge sharing is mediating the relationship between psychological contract and employee creative performance, whereas the moderators significantly moderate the relationships between psychological contract and knowledge sharing and between knowledge sharing and employee creative performance accordingly. It has also been depicted that the moderating impact shown by both moderators is significantly high.

Relationship Between Unhappy Musicians, Resistance Toward Innovation and Uncreative Music Products: Psychological Security as Moderator.

Recently, uncreative music products have become a global issue due to the unhappy musicians and resistance to innovation that needs researchers' focus. This article explores the impact of unhappy musicians and resistance to innovation on uncreative music products in Malaysia. This article also investigates the moderating role of psychological security among the relationships of unhappy musicians, resistance to innovation, and uncreative music products in Malaysia. This study has applied the questionnaire method to gather the primary data from the selected respondents. The researchers have also applied the smart-PLS to check the nexus among constructs and test the hypotheses. The results revealed that unhappy musicians and resistance to innovation have a significant and positive linkage with uncreative music products in Malaysia. The results also revealed that psychological security significantly moderates the linkage among unhappy musicians, resistance to innovation, and uncreative music products in Malaysia. Thus, this study guides the regulators to develop the regulations to reduce the unhappiness among musicians and motivates the regulators to adopt innovation to increase the creative music product in Malaysia.

Lack of Emotional Experience, Resistance to Innovation, and Dissatisfied Musicians Influence on Music Unattractive Education.

Music education is frequently growing around the globe and needs emotional attachments and adoption innovation for the attractive music education that needs researcher's emphasis. Thus, the current article investigates the impact of lack of emotional experience and resistance to innovation on unattractive music education in China. The current research also investigates the mediating impact of dissatisfied musicians among the association of lack of emotional experience, resistance to innovation, and unattractive music education in China. The study has used the primary data collected using questionnaires. The current article examines the validity and reliability using the measurement assessment model and also tests the hypotheses using the structural assessment model with the help of smart-PLS. The results indicated that the lack of emotional experience and resistance to innovation has a positive and significant impact on unattractive music education in China. The findings also revealed that dissatisfied musicians significantly mediate among lack of emotional experience, resistance to innovation, and unattractive music education in China. This article helps policymakers establish policies about making music education attractive for musicians by adopting innovation.

Teachers' Value Consonance and Employee-Based Brand Equity: The Mediating Role of Belongingness and Self-Efficacy.

This study investigated the impact of value consonance on employee-based brand equity through the mediating role of teachers' self-efficacy and belongingness. For this purpose, a deductive approach was followed, and data were collected under a cross-sectional research design from academia through a questionnaire. Prior approval from the administration was sought before administrating the questionnaire on a large scale and a sample of 520 teachers was approached in the first phase. At this stage, 418 answered questionnaires were received, while in the second wave, questions related to the teacher's self-efficacy and employee-based brand equity were asked from the respondents. Out of these 418 re-distributed questionnaires, 387 were received back and after discarding the partially filled and incomplete questionnaires, the useable sample size was left as 372. Data have been analyzed by using the structural equation modeling technique, which was assessed through measurement and structural model. Results indicate that value consonance can promote positive behaviors in the workplace. Moreover, teachers with high self-efficacy can develop based on brand equity. Similarly, employees with high-value consonance develop a sense of belongingness with their academic institutes. Limitations and future directions are also discussed.

Interplay Between Brain Dominance, Reading, and Speaking Skills in English Classrooms.

One of the popular theories in psychology that potentially contributes to the development of teaching and learning programs is brain dominance. According to this theory, the brain is categorized into two hemispheres based on personal traits and cognitive styles. It is interesting to investigate the correlation between brain dominance and second language learning. Therefore, this study set out to examine the correlation between brain dominance and the development of English reading, and speaking skills. For this purpose, the required data were randomly gathered from 230 sophomore students in four different universities and were analyzed through a Pearson Chi-Square test, a Kruskal-Wallis test, and a Mann-Whitney test. Findings evidenced a significant correlation between brain dominance and reading skills. Three categories of brain dominance groups differ in reading skills in which moderate right-brain shows the highest score. Concerning the speaking skills, however, the results documented no significant correlation between brain dominance and speaking skills. Three groups of brain dominance were not significantly different in three aspects of speaking skills, including accuracy, fluency, and comprehensibility. The study concludes by proposing a range of implications and some avenues for further research.

Courage: A Potential Mediator of the Relationship Between Personality and Social Anxiety.

Social anxiety is one of the most prevalent and chronic mental-health conditions in young adults. To date, no studies have been conducted about the relationships between the Big Five personality dimensions, courage, and social anxiety among Malaysian undergraduate students. Therefore, this study was designed to examine courage as a potential mediator of the association between the Big Five personality dimensions and social anxiety among Malaysian Undergraduates. In this study, 500 Malaysian undergraduate students (205 males and 295 females) completed a series of questionnaires. Structural equation modelling (AMOS-SEM) revealed that, of the Big Five, neuroticism and social anxiety were positively correlated. Extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and agreeableness, as well as courage, were negatively correlated with social anxiety. Courage mediated the relationship between the Big Five personality dimensions and social anxiety. The main contribution of the present research is to show how the Big Five personality dimensions may contribute to social anxiety. The findings of this study also could be implicated for counselling practice for undergraduate students in Malaysia as a collectivist setting and other collectivist settings around the world.

Massive Open Online Course Versus Flipped Instruction: Impacts on Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety, Foreign Language Learning Motivation, and Learning Attitude.

This study inspected the effect of Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) and flipped instruction on EFL learners' foreign language speaking anxiety, foreign language learning motivation, and attitude toward English learning. To fulfill this objective, the Oxford Quick Placement Test was given to 160 Iranian EFL learners, of whom 120 upper-intermediate participants were chosen and divided into two experimental groups-MOOC (n = 40) and flipped (n = 40)-and one control group (n = 40). After that, all selected participants were administered a speaking anxiety questionnaire and a motivation questionnaire as the pre-test of the research. Then, one of the experimental groups received an online-based instruction via Skype: one conversation was instructed to this group online every session. The other experimental group received the treatment via flipped-based instruction. The audio files and the texts of the conversations were sent to this group via the WhatsApp application because they all had easy access to it. On the other hand, the control group did not receive any Internet-delivered treatment yet was trained through a face-to-face method. This process continued until the last session, and after the treatment period, the post-tests of speaking anxiety and motivation were given to all three groups to determine the effectiveness of the treatment. Moreover, two attitude questionnaires were administered to the experimental groups to examine their attitudes toward the MOOC and the flipped models of instructions. The findings of the One-way ANOVA test, Post-hoc Scheffe test, and paired samples t-test showed that there were significant differences between the post-test of the experimental groups and the control group. The results indicated that the experimental groups significantly outflanked the control group after the treatment. Lastly, the outcomes showed that participants in both experimental groups had positive attitudes toward technological-based instructional environments.

The effect of short-term exposure to red and blue light on the autonomic tone of the individuals with newly diagnosed essential hypertension.

The research study aimed to study the effect of short term exposure to light basically red, blue and white on the autonomic tone of essential hypertensive individuals. The objective was to find out the baseline cardiac autonomic function along with the effect of these lights on the cardiac autonomic function among them. Till date few if any study have been conducted upon the individuals with certain disorder as common as essential hypertension. This was a cross sectional observational study conducted in the institute itself that included 77 newly diagnosed hypertensive subjects who willingly participated in the study. After written informed consent, brief history taking with the help of self-made questionnaire and clinical examination, they were randomized to different intervention groups (IG) namely IG I (red) IG II (blue) and IG III (white). HRV analysis of the last 5-6 minutes of both the baseline and color exposure was finally analyzed using MS Excel version 13 and Graph Pad Prism version 7.05. Different HRV parameters have been found to be affected differently on different color exposures. Red has shown to have an impact, mainly on the sympathetic system whereas white showed a dominant vagal component thus acting as a parasympathetic regulator. On one hand, where no conclusive result was found on blue light exposure, white light showed the most prominent results affecting various time and frequency components of HRV like SDRR, TP, LF etc. The present study, both, contradicts as well as supports various other works done on the similar area of interest. One reason of such high variation in different results is because HRV is itself a very dynamic function affected by even a slight change in both the internal and external environment of the subject. As artificial lights of various colors are part and parcel of the aesthetics and designing of most of the work environment all over world, it is very pertinent to study its impact upon human health status. The outcome of the study may play a decisive role in the diagnostics and therapeutics of essential hypertension in days to come. Furthermore, on the basis of the present findings, a future study could be undertaken with bigger data base addressing the limitations of the present study to find some conclusive evidence in the area highlighted.