Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris During Retreatment Procedures Using Various File Systems in Teeth With Simulated Apical Root Resorption: An In Vitro Study.

Aim The aim of this study was to compare the amount of debris produced apically during the removal of root canal obturating material by using various files in extracted teeth with simulated apical root resorption. Materials and methods An in vitro study was conducted in the root canals of 90 extracted mandibular premolar teeth that were prepared with a ProTaper Gold rotary file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and filled with gutta-percha and an AH Plus sealer (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) using a cold lateral compaction technique. A total of 45 mandibular premolar teeth were randomly assigned to three control groups (i.e., the ProTaper Universal retreatment file (Dentsply Maillefer), the Reciproc Blue file (VDW, Munich, Germany), and the HyFlex Remover file (Coltene/Whaledent, Altstatten, Switzerland) for the removal of root canal filling material, whereas the remaining 45 teeth were treated as the experimental group and their apical portion was modified to simulate apical root resorption. The teeth of this experimental group were randomly divided into three subgroups according to the same three techniques used with the control groups for the removal of root canal filling materials. The apically extruded debris was collected into pre-weighed borosilicate glass tubes and then dried. The mean weight of the apically extruded debris was assessed using an analytical balance to an accuracy of 10-4 g. Further, the data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Tukey's post hoc test. Results In the simulated apical root resorption groups, all file systems were associated with significantly more debris extrusion than the groups without simulated root resorption (a < 0.05). In both the control groups and experimental groups, the ProTaper Universal retreatment file was associated with the least weight of the apically extruded debris (a < 0.05), followed by the Reciproc Blue file and the HyFlex Remover file. Conclusion The amount of debris extruded apically was significantly greater in the teeth with simulated apical root resorption than in those without it. Further, during the removal of the root canal filling materials, HyFlex Remover was associated with significantly more apically extruded debris in all groups.

Effect of Various Surface Treatments on the Push-Out Bond Strength of Fiber Posts to Root Dentin.

Background This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various surface treatments on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin. Methodology A total of 96 single-rooted premolars were decoronated and obturated and post spaces were prepared for 9 mm. The canals were irrigated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid followed by distilled water. The samples were divided into the two following groups based on the type of fiber posts used: Group I - glass fiber post (Reforpost size 1) and Group II: quartz fiber post (Quartzix Added Posts number 1). Further, each group was divided into four subgroups based on the surface treatments (A: no treatment (control); B: silanization; C: 4% titanium tetrafluoride (four minutes) followed by silanization; D: sandblasting followed by silanization). After surface treatments, posts were cemented using self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200). Three 2 mm thick slices were obtained and push-out tests were done. Failure modes were analyzed under a stereomicroscope. The surface morphology of the posts was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. Results Treating the posts with airborne particle abrasion (sandblasting) followed by silanization showed the highest bond strength. The coronal level of the root showed the highest bond strength compared to the middle and apical levels. Adhesive failures between the resin cement and dentin were found to be the highest. Conclusions Sandblasting followed by silanization produced the highest bond strength. The coronal level of the root showed the highest bond strength. Adhesive failures were the highest followed by mixed failures.

Influence of Different Types of Root Canal Irrigation Regimen on Resin-based Sealer Penetration and Pushout Bond Strength.

Introduction The main objective of root canal treatment is to eliminate the micro-organism from the root canal system and three-dimensional obturation. The proper cleaning and shaping can be accomplished only by using appropriate instruments and effective irrigants during the root canal treatment. Aim To evaluate the influence of three different final irrigation regimen on depth of penetration of root canal sealers and push-out bond strength of obturation material. Materials and methods Thirty-six extracted single-rooted mandibular premolar human teeth with straight canals were decoronated and instrumented according to groups. Group I: Root canals were irrigated with 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), then irradiated with 980 nm diode laser (n = 12), Group II: Root canals were irrigated with 3% NaOCl, followed by 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (n = 12), Group III: Root canals were irrigated with 3% NaOCl, followed by 10% citric acid (n = 12). In each sample, single cone obturation was done with gutta-percha using AH plus sealer incorporated with rhodamine B dye. After seven days coronal, middle and apical thin cross sections were made for evaluation of dentinal tubule sealer penetration depth and pushout bond strength using confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and universal testing machine, respectively. Statistical analysis among the three groups was done by using Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc test. Results Mean tubular penetration depth between diode laser (136.57 ± 48 µm), EDTA (130.56 ± 53 µm) and citric acid (113.37 ± 34 µm; P < 0.05) showed statistically highly significant results. Pushout bond strength did not differ significantly between diode laser (1.21 ± 0.48 Mpa), EDTA (1.05 ± 0.45 Mpa) and citric acid (0.93 ± 0.44 Mpa; P > 0.05). Conclusion Mean tubular penetration depth of AH plus sealer was better in diode laser than in EDTA and citric acid. Average push-out bond strength of obturation material did not differ significantly between diode laser, EDTA and citric acid.

Diagnosis of cracked tooth syndrome.

The incidences of cracks in teeth seem to have increased during the past decade. Dental practitioners need to be aware of cracked tooth syndrome (CTS) in order to be successful at diagnosing CTS. Early diagnosis has been linked with successful restorative management and predictably good prognosis. The purpose of this article is to highlight factors that contribute to detecting cracked teeth.

Development anomaly and non-vitality: Two case reports.

Anatomic aberrations are seen in human dentition. The maxillary incisor region of the permanent dentition where these anatomical aberrations are commonly seen is considered an area of embryonic hazard. Aberrations affecting the internal and external morphology can at times be the cause of complex pathological conditions involving the pulpal and periodontal tissues and can pose a challenge to the clinician for the diagnosis and clinical management. Detecting and treating the anomalies at an early phase is essential as it poses a threat for the loss of vitality of the concerned teeth. The aim of this paper is to highlight the fact two different developmental anomalies of maxillary incisors, namely palatoradicular groove and Turner's hypoplasia, led to the loss of vitality of the same.

Clinical and pharmacological management of endodontic flare-up.

Knowledge of the causes of and mechanisms behind interappointment pain in endodontics is of utmost importance for the clinician to properly prevent or manage this undesirable condition. The causative factors of interappointment pain encompass mechanical, chemical, and microbial injuries to the pulp or periradicular tissues, which are induced or exacerbated during root canal treatment. This review article underlines the various treatment modalities for relief of pain and swelling in such situations, including premedication, drainage establishment, relief of occlusion, and intracanal and systemic medication.