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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e271324, 2024. tab, graf, ilus
Artículo en Inglés | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1439676

RESUMEN

As a result of intensive anthropogenic impact in the biosphere there is a rapid process of accumulation of heavy metal salts. They have led to the aggravation of problems associated with the pollution of ecosystems and basic food products of plant and animal origin. Environmental pollution by these compounds is caused by their persistence in environmental objects, migration ability, accumulation by plants. This contributes to their accumulation in the human environment. A number of studies have shown that heavy metals have mutagenic, toxic effects and affect the intensity of biochemical processes. Therefore, the presence of heavy metals in the environment is extremely undesirable. Moreover, the ecological state of the environment is directly related to changes in the human internal environment. Deficiency or excess of certain bioelements in soils and drinking water or non-compliance with its stable chemical composition causes the development of dysmicroelementosis. The ecological situation of the Carpathian region is closely related to the state of soils and water resources. In this regard, it is advisable to study and control the level of cadmium compounds in the environment of the region. The study of the effect of cadmium intoxication on the macro- and microelement composition of the brain and myocardium of experimental animals is also worthwhile. Materials and methods. Soils and drinking water of the plain, foothill and mountainous zones of the region, as well as organs and tissues of experimental animals served as the object of research. Cadmium levels in drinking water and myocardial tissues and brain of experimental animals have been measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results and discussion. The study of soils in the Prykarpattia region has revealed an increase in the toxic element cadmium. Its content is 1.1-1.5 times higher than background levels. The analysis of drinking water allowed to establish that a significant number of people living in the plain and foothill zone of the region consume water with a high content of cadmium. The main stages of cadmium intake and accumulation in plants have been analyzed. Significant disorders in the body of experimental animals under conditions of excessive intake of cadmium compounds have been revealed. It was accompanied by the accumulation of cadmium in the myocardium and brain, on the background of redistribution of vital macronutrients calcium and magnesium along with micronutrients copper and zinc. Thus, excessive intake of cadmium salts causes the development of dysmicroelementosis, which is accompanied by a violation of the homeostasis of a living organism. It is suggested to conduct continuous monitoring of the level of toxicants in the ecosystem as an integral component of environmental monitoring.


Como consequência do intenso impacto antrópico na biosfera, um rápido processo de acúmulo de sais de metais pesados ocorre. Esse processo tem é um agravante para os problemas associados à poluição dos ecossistemas e dos produtos alimentares básicos de origem vegetal e animal. A poluição ambiental por esses compostos é causada por sua persistência em objetos ambientais, capacidade de migração, acúmulo pelas plantas. Isso contribui para o seu acúmulo no ambiente humano. Vários estudos mostraram que os metais pesados têm efeitos mutagênicos, tóxicos e afetam a intensidade dos processos bioquímicos. Portanto, a presença de metais pesados no meio ambiente é extremamente indesejável. Além disso, o estado ecológico do meio ambiente está diretamente relacionado às mudanças no ambiente interno humano. A deficiência ou excesso de certos bioelementos nos solos e na água potável ou o não cumprimento de sua composição química estável provoca o desenvolvimento da dismicroelementose. A situação ecológica da região dos Cárpatos está intimamente relacionada com o estado dos solos e dos recursos hídricos. Nesse sentido, é aconselhável estudar e controlar o nível de compostos de cádmio no ambiente da região. O estudo do efeito da intoxicação por cádmio na composição de macro e microelementos do cérebro e miocárdio de indivíduos experimentais também devem ser analisados. Solos e água potável das zonas plana, sopé e montanhosa da região, bem como órgãos e tecidos de indivíduos experimentais serviram de objeto de pesquisa. Os níveis de cádmio na água potável e nos tecidos do miocárdio e cérebro de indivíduos experimentais foram medidos por espectroscopia de absorção atômica. Nesse sentido, o estudo dos solos da região de Prykarpattia revelou um aumento do elemento tóxico cádmio. Seu conteúdo é 1,1-1,5 vezes maior que os níveis de fundo. A análise da água potável permitiu constatar que um número significativo de pessoas residentes na zona de planície e sopé da região consome água com elevado teor de cádmio. As principais etapas da ingestão e acúmulo de cádmio nas plantas foram analisadas. Distúrbios significativos no corpo de indivíduos experimentais sob condições de ingestão excessiva de compostos de cádmio foram revelados, acompanhados pelo acúmulo desse elemento no miocárdio e no cérebro, no contexto da redistribuição dos macronutrientes cálcio e magnésio, juntamente com os micronutrientes cobre e zinco. Assim, a ingestão excessiva de sais de cádmio causa o desenvolvimento de dismicroelementose acompanhada por uma violação da homeostase de um organismo vivo. Sugere-se a realização de monitoramento contínuo do nível de tóxicos no ecossistema como um componente integral do monitoramento ambiental.


Asunto(s)
Contaminación del Agua , Cadmio/toxicidad , Contaminación Ambiental , Intoxicación por Metales Pesados
2.
Braz J Biol ; 84: e271324, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37194757

RESUMEN

As a result of intensive anthropogenic impact in the biosphere there is a rapid process of accumulation of heavy metal salts. They have led to the aggravation of problems associated with the pollution of ecosystems and basic food products of plant and animal origin. Environmental pollution by these compounds is caused by their persistence in environmental objects, migration ability, accumulation by plants. This contributes to their accumulation in the human environment. A number of studies have shown that heavy metals have mutagenic, toxic effects and affect the intensity of biochemical processes. Therefore, the presence of heavy metals in the environment is extremely undesirable. Moreover, the ecological state of the environment is directly related to changes in the human internal environment. Deficiency or excess of certain bioelements in soils and drinking water or non-compliance with its stable chemical composition causes the development of dysmicroelementosis. The ecological situation of the Carpathian region is closely related to the state of soils and water resources. In this regard, it is advisable to study and control the level of cadmium compounds in the environment of the region. The study of the effect of cadmium intoxication on the macro- and microelement composition of the brain and myocardium of experimental animals is also worthwhile. Materials and methods. Soils and drinking water of the plain, foothill and mountainous zones of the region, as well as organs and tissues of experimental animals served as the object of research. Cadmium levels in drinking water and myocardial tissues and brain of experimental animals have been measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results and discussion. The study of soils in the Prykarpattia region has revealed an increase in the toxic element cadmium. Its content is 1.1-1.5 times higher than background levels. The analysis of drinking water allowed to establish that a significant number of people living in the plain and foothill zone of the region consume water with a high content of cadmium. The main stages of cadmium intake and accumulation in plants have been analyzed. Significant disorders in the body of experimental animals under conditions of excessive intake of cadmium compounds have been revealed. It was accompanied by the accumulation of cadmium in the myocardium and brain, on the background of redistribution of vital macronutrients calcium and magnesium along with micronutrients copper and zinc. Thus, excessive intake of cadmium salts causes the development of dysmicroelementosis, which is accompanied by a violation of the homeostasis of a living organism. It is suggested to conduct continuous monitoring of the level of toxicants in the ecosystem as an integral component of environmental monitoring.


Asunto(s)
Agua Potable , Metales Pesados , Contaminantes del Suelo , Animales , Humanos , Cadmio/toxicidad , Ecosistema , Sales (Química)/análisis , Agua Potable/análisis , Metales Pesados/análisis , Suelo/química , Plantas/química , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis
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