RESUMEN
The Escherichia coli aadA gene product, which confers resistance to spectinomycin and streptomycin, has been widely used as a dominant selectable marker for chloroplast transformation of Chlamydomonas and tobacco. An aadA transformation cassette was adapted for expression in Euglena gracilis chloroplasts by replacing the Chlamydomonas promoter and 3' untranslated region (UTR) with the E. gracilis psbA promoter and 3' UTR. Transgenic DNA was introduced into E. gracilis chloroplasts by biolistic transformation. Streptomycin- and spectinomycin-resistant colonies were obtained, which screened positively for the presence of the transforming vector by PCR amplification. Although integration of the transforming DNA into the chloroplast genome was not detected, transforming DNA was stably maintained in the chloroplast as an episomal element during continuous selection on antibiotics. The aadA cassette was also inserted into a transformation vector which contained the independently expressed psbK operon from either E. gracilis or a closely related species, E. stellata. The psbK operon contained at least two group III introns and a group III twintron, was highly expressed, and was only 1.5 kb in length. In transgenic E. gracilis chloroplasts, a truncated E. stellata psbK operon was transcribed, and the resultant pre-mRNA was accurately spliced. This system should allow the first direct analysis of group II and group III intron-splicing mechanisms. In addition, it could prove useful in the study of many other Euglena transcription and processing events.
Asunto(s)
Cloroplastos/genética , Euglena gracilis/genética , Transformación Genética , Animales , Chlamydomonas/genética , Clonación Molecular , Euglena gracilis/efectos de los fármacos , Intrones , Modelos Genéticos , Estructura Molecular , Operón , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Empalme del ARN , ARN Mensajero/genética , TransgenesRESUMEN
An efficient plant regeneration procedure has been established from hypocotyl explants of the common ice plant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L, a halophytic leaf succulent that exhibits a stress-induced switch from C3 photosynthesis to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Somatic embryos were initiated and developed up to globular and heart stages in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.6% bacto-agar, 80 mM NaCl, 5 µM 2,4-D and 1 µM kinetin. High frequency regeneration occurred when somatic embryos were germinated on media that lacked 2,4-D. High cytokinin treatment suppressed normal growth of embryos and favored abnormal embryo proliferation. Without growth regulators, regenerated plants rooted on MS medium with 100% efficiency. Mature, regenerated plants were fertile and morphologically identical to seed-derived plants.
