Reconstructing past migratory behaviour of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus): Insights from geometric morphometric analysis of proximal phalanx morphology from extant caribou populations.

Reindeer mobility patterns vary widely in modern ecosystems, notably between more open or more wooded environments. This renders the reconstruction of past reindeer mobility patterns challenging, while being at the same time key if archaeologists want to better understand the role that reindeer herds played in the subsistence and territorial organisation of Prehistoric hunter-gatherer societies. Studying the morphology associated with different habitats and mobility patterns can be a useful method for understanding past reindeer behaviour. To access paleoecological information, the relationship between locomotor anatomy and substrate type can be explored in modern animals and transposed to the past, as previous studies have proven that an animal´s environment affects bone morphology. In this study, 3D Geometric Morphometrics are used to explore the impact of extant reindeer habitat type and mobility pattern on phalanx morphology. Results obtained reflects on the potential archaeological application of such an approach for paleoecological reconstructions. Size and shape of phalanx vary significantly, yet complex to interpret in light of interplaying factors such as subspecies, sexual dimorphism and the influence of migration costs, snow cover and substrate type. If direct application to the archaeological record remains preliminary, this first study permits to highlight promising avenues for future research.

Resultados obstétricos y neonatales relacionados con la hidratación intraparto en mujeres atendidas de parto de bajo riesgo / Obstetric and neonatal results associated with intrapartum hydration for women with low-risk labour

Objetivo: determinar la influencia de la hidratación intraparto en los resultados obstétricos y neonatales en mujeres nulíparas atendidas por parto de bajo riesgo.Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo en el Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda (Madrid, España). Se incluyeron mujeres nulíparas con gestación única atendidas por parto de bajo riesgo. Se recogieron variables maternas (sociodemográficas, clínicas al ingreso, intraparto y en el puerperio inmediato, resultados obstétricos) y neonatales (datos al nacimiento, a las 24 y 48 horas). Se realizó análisis descriptivo y univariante con los test estadísticos correspondientes. Se valoró la influencia de la hidratación en los resultados obstétricos y neonatales estableciendo un punto de corte en la hidratación recibida intraparto (mediana volumen total administrado por hora: 300 mL/h).Resultados: se incluyeron 148 mujeres. Edad media (DE) 32 (4,4) años, edad gestacional media (DE) 39 (1,4) semanas. Al ingreso, la dilatación media fue de 2 cm. Parto inducido en 65,5% (n= 97). Los resultados obstétricos y neonatales fueron más favorables en las mujeres que recibieron un volumen mayor(> 300 mL/h), con diferencias significativas en la duración total del parto (mediana 526 vs. 735 min; p< 0,001), incidencia de parto por cesárea (14,3% frente 18,7%), fiebre (5,5% frente a 7,7%), incidencia de pérdida de peso neonatal superior al 7% a las 48 horas (28,6% frente a 39,8%), lactancia materna (94,6% frente a 82,4%).Conclusiones: la administración de un mayor volumen de líquidos a mujeres nulíparas durante el parto de bajo riesgo se asoció con mejores resultados obstétricos y neonatales.(AU)

Objective: to determine the influence of intrapartum hydration on obstetric and neonatal results in nulliparous women during low-risk labour.Methods: an observational prospective study was conducted at the Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda (Madrid, Spain). The study included nulliparous women with single pregnancy and low-risk labour. Maternal variables were collected (sociodemographic, clinical signs at admission, intrapartum and immediately post-partum, obstetric results) as well as neonatal variables (data at birth, at 24 and 48 hours). Descriptive and univariate analysis was conducted with the relevant statistic tests. The influence of hydration was assessed in obstetric and neonatal results, determining a cut-off point for the hydration received intrapartum (median total volume administered per hour: 300 mL/h).Results: the study included 148 women, with a mean age (SD) of 32 (4.4) years, and a mean gestational age (SD) of 39 (1.4) weeks. At admission, mean dilation was of 2 cm. There was induced labour in 65.5% of cases (n= 97). Obstetric and neonatal results were more favourable in those women who received a higher volume (≥ 300 mL/h), with significant differences in the total duration of labour (median 526 vs. 735 min; p< 0.001), incidence of Caesarean births (14.3% vs. 18.7%), fever (5.5% vs. 7.7%), incidence of neonatal weight loss >7% at 48 hours (28.6% vs. 39.8%), breastfeeding (94.6% vs. 82.4%).Conclusions: administration of a higher volume of fluids to nulliparous women during low-risk labour was associated with better obstetric and neonatal results.(AU)

Factors influencing HPV knowledge and vaccine acceptability in parents of adolescent children: results from a survey-based study (KAPPAS study).

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections associated with a wide range of diseases and cancers that may affect both genders. Since 2007, the Spanish National Immunization Program includes HPV vaccination, and currently it only targets 12-year-old girls. The objective of our study is to assess differences in the knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine acceptability according to different factors, and to identify the role of different sources of information. A cross-sectional, multicenter survey research was carried out in twenty-four pediatric offices in Spain, and included parents of children aged 9 to 14 years old. 1,405 valid survey-responses were considered for the analysis. Parental awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine, as well as vaccine acceptability, are still strongly associated with child gender (girls) and age (12-14 years old). HPV knowledge and HPV vaccine acceptability are related to parental gender, HPV vaccination status and having at least one daughter. Parents who consulted a healthcare source to obtain further information about HPV had greater HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge and acceptability. HPV and HPV vaccine awareness and acceptability are strongly associated with child gender and age, which correlates with the current immunization program.

La vida se abre paso a través de mis manos / No disponible

No disponible

Perineal repair of media-lateral episiotomies and 2nd degree tears by midwives: A randomised controlled trial comparing three suture techniques.

BACKGROUND: Perineal trauma pain is associated with perineal repair and its subsequent healing. New evidence is required concerning perineal repair techniques that cause less pain and favour healing. OBJECTIVE: To compare three perineal repair suturing techniques after episiotomy or second degree tearing during a normal birth with respect to reducing pain and improving the perineal healing process. DESIGN: A randomised controlled trial. SETTING: A large public university hospital in Madrid, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: Full term pregnant women older than 18 years-of-age, who required perineal repair after episiotomy or second degree tearing and were attended for normal birth by midwives. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-three women were randomly assigned to three groups: the Continuous Suture Group (n = 58), Interrupted Cutaneous Suture Group (n = 53), or the Interrupted Subcutaneous Suture Group (n = 57). The study participants and data collectors were blinded to group allocations. Principal outcome: perineal pain 10 days after birth. Other outcomes: short (2 and 48 h) and long term (3 and 6 months) perineal pain after birth; short term healing; suture time. RESULTS: At 10 days postpartum, the presence of spontaneous pain, pain when walking or moving in bed, was almost nonexistent in the 3 suture groups. The median (P25-P75) perineal pain on palpation was similar in the 3 groups, with values of 2 (1-4) in the Continuous Suture Group, 3 (2-5) in the Interrupted Cutaneous Suture Group and 2 (1-4) in the Interrupted Subcutaneous Suture Group; also were similar the perineal pain on sitting: 1 (0-3) in the Continuous Suture Group, 1 (0-2) in the Interrupted Cutaneous Suture Group and 1 (0-3) in the Interrupted Subcutaneous Suture Group. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups. Pain measurements throughout the follow-up period only showed statistically significant differences in 2 out of 22 evaluations: pain when sitting 48 h after birth and spontaneous pain at 3 months. The mean times (standard deviation) to carry out suturing were 12.86 (4.9) minutes in the Continuous Suture Group, 13.54 (5.6) in the Interrupted Cutaneous Suture Group, and 15.59 (6.9) minutes in the Interrupted Subcutaneous Suture Group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The three suturing methods described for perineal repair after episiotomy or second degree tearing after normal birth are comparable with respect to short, medium and long term perineal pain and the healing process. Use of the continuous suturing technique involved less time than interrupted suture methods. Tweetable abstract: proper the suturing methods for perineal repair after episiotomy or second degree tearing prevent postpartum perineal pain.

Efficacy of "optimal hydration" during labor: HYDRATA study protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

There is a lack of consensus in the international scientific community with respect to the most suitable hydration strategies when attending nulliparous women during low-risk births. This paper describes the protocol for a randomized controlled trial to compare two hydration strategies and their influence on maternal and neonatal morbidity. The study population consists of nulliparous women admitted to the obstetrics department of a University Hospital. The women are being randomized into two groups: the "optimal hydration" group, which will be guaranteed 300 ml/hr liquids (crystalloids and bottled mineral water) with a minimum diuresis of 35 ml/hr; and the "variability in hydration" group, which will receive intravenous (alternating normal saline, Ringer's lactate solution, glucose, or Voluven®) and clear (bottled mineral water or isotonic drinks [Aquarius®]) liquids, without any established perfusion rate, and without established minimum diuresis. Outcomes for mothers include duration of labor, cesarean section, fever, and dehydration. Outcomes for newborns are respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, jaundice, weight loss over 48 hr, and breastfeeding difficulties. Analysis will be per-protocol. Administering optimal hydration may improve health and safety for mothers and their newborn and reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity. The study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov. The project received funding by the Ministry of Health of Spain and is approved by the Research Ethics Committee.

Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en pacientes hipertensos en Atención Primaria / Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in hypertensive patients in Primary Care

Objetivo: Determinar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea de pacientes hipertensos en Atención Primaria y analizar sus factores asociados. Comprobar si existen diferencias entre los que muestran adecuado control de presión arterial y los que no. Diseño: Estudio observacional transversal. Emplazamiento: Consultas de medicina de familia de cinco Centros de Salud de dos Áreas Sanitarias de Castilla-La Mancha. Participantes: Seleccionados 387 sujetos adultos diagnosticados de hipertensión arterial. Mediciones Principales: Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, problemas salud (CIAP-2), consumo fármacos, adherencia a dieta mediterránea (cuestionario Predimed Adherencia Dieta Mediterránea-MEDAS-14), actividad física (IPAQ-breve), factores riesgo cardiovascular, riesgo cardiovascular, presión arterial y su grado de control. Resultados: El nivel de cumplimiento de dieta mediterránea fue alto en 17,8 % de casos, moderado en 68,2 % y bajo en 14,0 %. Un 53 % mostro adecuado control de PA y en ellos la puntuación media de adherencia fue significativamente superior (8,94 vs. 8,41; p=0,012). Mediante regresión lineal múltiple, fueron variables asociadas a mayor adherencia a dieta mediterránea: mayor edad (B:0,042), inferior puntuación Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) (B:-0,085), no sedentarismo de más de dos horas/día seguidas (B:-0,530), clase social más alta (I-V) (B:0,568), mayor nº de antihipertensivos consumidos (B:0,2012) y adecuado control presión arterial (B:0,444). Conclusiones: La mayoría de hipertensos manifestaron un cumplimiento al menos moderado de la dieta mediterránea, aunque son pocos los que indicaron una alta adherencia. Además, mostramos superior cumplimiento de la dieta en hipertensos con cifras controladas y que las variables asociadas a mayor cumplimiento de la dieta mediterránea incluyen algunas características sociodemográficas y otras relacionadas con características cardiovasculares (AU)

Objective: To determine adherence to the Mediterranean diet of hypertensive patients in primary care and to analyze its associated factors. To check if there are differences between those that show adequate control of blood pressure and those who do not. Design: Observational cross-sectional study. Location: Primary Care consultations of five health centers in two health areas of Castilla-La Mancha. Participants: 387 adult subjects diagnosed with hypertension were selected. Main measures: We collected information about sociodemographic variables, health problems (CIAP-2), drug consumption, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (Questionnaire MEDAS-14), physical activity (short IPAQ), cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular risk, blood pressure and its degree of control. Results: The level of compliance with the Mediterranean diet was high in 17.8 % of cases, moderate in 68.2 % and low in 14.0 %. 53 % showed adequate control of BP; in these cases the average adherence score was significantly higher (8.94 vs. 8.41; p=0.012). Using multiple linear regression, variables associated with higher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet were: older age (B: 0.042), lower score in Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) (B: -0.085), no physical inactivity for more than two consecutive hours/day (B: -0.530), higher social class (I-V) (B: 0.568), higher number of antihypertensive drugs consumed (B: 0.2012) and adequate control of blood pressure (B: 0.444). Conclusions: Most hypertensive patients reported at least moderate compliance to the Mediterranean diet, although only a few indicated a high adherence. In addition, we show superior diet compliance in hypertensive patients with controlled blood pressure values. We also show that the variables associated with greater compliance to the Mediterranean diet include some sociodemographic characteristics and other cardiovascular-related characteristics (AU)

The development and validation of a new postpartum sexual function and dyspareunia assessment tool: The Carol Scale.

OBJECTIVE: The aim is to develop a new tool to evaluate postpartum sexual function and dyspareunia which will facilitate better evaluation of perineal pain in woman after vaginal delivery. DESIGN: The development and validation of the Carol Postpartum Sexual Function and Dyspareunia Assessment Scale. SETTING: The Obstetrics and Gynecology Service of a University Hospital in central Spain. PARTICIPANTS: 102 women after being attended for vaginal birth, and 5 midwife assessors. FINDINGS: 81women reinitiated sexual activity (with vaginal intercourse) during the first three months postpartum. The Carol Postpartum Sexual Function and Dyspareunia Assessment Scale (Carol Scale) was internally reliable with a Cronbach-α value of 0.79 (95%CI0.72-0.85). Cronbach-α coefficients for Carol Scale domains were: preparation for the sexual activity 0.69 (95%CI0.55-0.79), pain or discomfort on caressing the vulval area 0.86 (95%CI0.79-0.91), pain or discomfort related to vaginal intercourse 0.93 (95%CI0.90-0.95) and pain or discomfort after vaginal intercourse 0.86 (95%CI0.78-0.91). CONCLUSIONS: The Carol Postpartum Sexual Function and Dyspareunia Assessment Scale is valid and reliable for measuring sexual function and postpartum dyspareunia in women after being attended for vaginal birth. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The Carol Scale could be used both clinically and in research to improve the quality of care for the mother after childbirth. The scale could help to identify problems in the reinitiation of postpartum sexual activity and, therefore, could contribute to widening the clinical information about these women and help in decision making.

Daño renal agudo secundario a nefritis tubulointersticial aguda por uso de medicamentos. Caso clínico / Acute renal damage secondary to acute tubulointerstitial nephritis drug use. Case report

Resumen Introducción: La nefritis tubulointersticial aguda (NTIA) es infrecuente en la edad pediátrica. Se caracteriza por la infiltración del parénquima renal por células mononucleares y/o polinucleares con afectación secundaria de los túbulos sin lesión glomerular, y puede ser producida por infecciones, enfermedades inmunológicas, fármacos, o ser de origen idiopático. Objetivo: Describir un caso de NTIA secundario a antiinflamatorios no esteroidales (AINE) en un lactante, con énfasis en esta aso ciación para ser considerada por los pediatras. Caso clínico: Lactante de 10 meses, sin antecedentes previos, trasladada a nuestro hospital por daño renal agudo estadio 3, clasificación KDIGO 2012. Los tres días previos recibió tratamiento con amoxicilina e ibuprofeno por otitis media aguda. En la exploración física destacaba leve edema palpebral con presión arterial normal. En la orina presentaba proteinuria no nefrótica con componente tubular, microhematuria y leucocituria. La ecografía renal no mostraba alteraciones. Ante la sospecha de NTIA se cambió el antibiótico a cefotaxima intrave nosa y se suspendió el ibuprofeno realizándose manejo conservador del daño renal agudo. Presentó aumento de la creatinina (4.14 mg/dL) y eosinofilia, siendo el estudio inmunológico negativo. Se trató con metilprednisolona, con normalización de la función renal. Conclusión: La NTIA se puede producir por cualquier medicamento mediante una reacción inmunológica idiosincrásica. Entre los medicamentos responsables se identifican fármacos de uso frecuente en la edad pediátrica, como los AINEs, por lo que se necesita una alta sospecha diagnóstica por parte de los pediatras.

Abstract Introduction: Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) is a rare entity in the pediatric age. It is de fined by the infiltration of the renal parenchyma by mononuclear and/or polynuclear cells with se condary involvement of the tubules, without glomerular injury. It can be triggered by infections or immunological diseases, drugs like NSAIDs or be of idiopathic origin. Objective: To raise awareness among pediatricians about the prescription of NSAIDs, especially to patients of less than a year old, since they can provoke renal damage. Case report: A ten month old child, with no nephrological an tecedents of interest, was transferred to our hospital due to acute renal failure stage 3 KDIGO 2012. The three previous days received treatment with amoxicillin and ibuprofen for acute otitis media. Physical examination revealed mild eyelid edema with normal blood pressure. In the urine analysis, there were non-nephrotic proteinuria with tubular component, microhematuria and leukocyturia. Renal ultrasound showed no abnormalities. ATIN was suspected and so the antibiotic was changed to intravenous cefotaxime and ibuprofen was discontinued, opting for conservative management of acute renal damage. There was an increase in the number of creatinine up to 4.14 mg/dL and eosinophilia, with the immunological study being negative. Treatment with methylprednisolone was initiated, achieving normalization of renal function. Discussion: NTIA can be produced by any me dication through an idiosyncratic immune reaction. Among the responsible drugs, there are ones commonly used in the pediatric age, such as NSAIDs. Therefore, the pediatricians should pay special attention during prescriptions and have a high diagnostic suspicion of this disease.

[Acute renal damage secondary to acute tubulointerstitial nephritis drug use. Case report]. / Daño renal agudo secundario a nefritis tubulointersticial aguda por uso de medicamentos. Caso clínico.

INTRODUCTION: Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) is a rare entity in the pediatric age. It is de fined by the infiltration of the renal parenchyma by mononuclear and/or polynuclear cells with se condary involvement of the tubules, without glomerular injury. It can be triggered by infections or immunological diseases, drugs like NSAIDs or be of idiopathic origin. OBJECTIVE: To raise awareness among pediatricians about the prescription of NSAIDs, especially to patients of less than a year old, since they can provoke renal damage. CASE REPORT: A ten month old child, with no nephrological an tecedents of interest, was transferred to our hospital due to acute renal failure stage 3 KDIGO 2012. The three previous days received treatment with amoxicillin and ibuprofen for acute otitis media. Physical examination revealed mild eyelid edema with normal blood pressure. In the urine analysis, there were non-nephrotic proteinuria with tubular component, microhematuria and leukocyturia. Renal ultrasound showed no abnormalities. ATIN was suspected and so the antibiotic was changed to intravenous cefotaxime and ibuprofen was discontinued, opting for conservative management of acute renal damage. There was an increase in the number of creatinine up to 4.14 mg/dL and eosinophilia, with the immunological study being negative. Treatment with methylprednisolone was initiated, achieving normalization of renal function. DISCUSSION: NTIA can be produced by any me dication through an idiosyncratic immune reaction. Among the responsible drugs, there are ones commonly used in the pediatric age, such as NSAIDs. Therefore, the pediatricians should pay special attention during prescriptions and have a high diagnostic suspicion of this disease.

Análisis de la comorbilidad y calidad de vida de pacientes mayores polimedicados / Analysis of comorbidity and quality of life of elderly patients with polypharmacy

Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas de los mayores polimedicados, conocer su comorbilidad y analizar su calidad de vida. Diseño: Estudio observacional de carácter transversal. Emplazamiento: Consultas de Atención Primaria de cuatro zonas básicas de Salud del Área Sanitaria de Albacete. Participantes: Mediante muestreo consecutivo se seleccionaron 275 sujetos ≥65 años que consumían más de cinco fármacos. Mediciones Principales: Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, problemas de salud (clasificación CIAP-2), comorbilidad (Índice de Charlson), consumo de fármacos, riesgo cardiovascular y calidad de vida (cuestionario EuroQol). Resultados: La edad media fue de 76,5 años (DE: 6,7). El 75,3 % presentaba cinco o más problemas de salud. Los más frecuentes fueron endocrinológicos 93,8 %, cardiovasculares 92,0 % y locomotores 57,8 %. El 40 % presentó un Índice de Charlson ≥2. La puntuación media de calidad de vida mediante el cuestionario descriptivo EuroQol-5D fue 0,767 (DE: 0,179). Mediante regresión lineal múltiple, las variables asociadas a mayor calidad de vida (cuestionario descriptivo) fueron: menor edad (B:-0,004; IC 95 %:-0,006 a -0,001), sexo masculino (B:0,064; IC 95 %:0,025 a 0,104), superior clase social (B:-0,014; IC 95 %:-0,029 a -0,001), actividad física (B:-0,086; IC 95 %:-0,109 a -0,063), menor índice de Charlson (B:-0,019; IC 95 %:-0,037 a -0,002) y menos problemas locomotores (B:-0,31; IC 95 %:-0,052 a -0,010) y psicológicos (B:-0,055; IC 95 %:-0,091 a -0,018). Conclusiones. Nueve de cada diez mayores polimedicados presentan enfermedades endocrinológicas o cardiovasculares. Tres cuartos padecen cinco o más patologías crónicas. Se comprobó que las variables asociadas a mayor calidad de vida fueron menor edad, sexo masculino, clase social, actividad física, menor índice de Charlson y menos problemas locomotores y psicológicos (AU)

Objective: To describe the clinical features of polymedicated elderly patients, to know their comorbidity, and to analyze their quality of life. Design: Observational cross-sectional study. Location: Primary care clinics of four health-care districts in the Health Area of Albacete. Participants. By consecutive sampling, 275 subjects of age ≥65 who consumed more than five drugs were selected. Main measures: Socio-demographic variables, health problems (CIAP-2 classification), comorbidity (Charlson Index), consumption of drugs, cardiovascular risk and quality of life (EuroQol questionnaire) were collected. Results: The average age was 76.5 years (SD 6.7). 75.3 % had five or more health problems. The most common were endocrinological 93.8 %, cardiovascular 92.0 % and locomotive 57.8%. 40% showed a ≥2 Charlson Index. The average score for quality of life through the descriptive EuroQol-5D questionnaire was 0.767 (SD 0.179). By multiple linear regression, the variables associated with better quality of life (descriptive questionnaire) were: younger age (B=-0.004; 95% CI:-0.006 to -0.001), male gender (B=0.064; 95% CI=0.025 to 0.104), higher social class (B=- 0.014; 95% CI=-0.029 to -0.001), physical activity (B=:-0.086; 95% CI=-0.109 to -0.063), lower Charlson index (B=-0.019; 95% CI=-0.037 to -0.002), and less locomotive problems (B=-0.019; 95% CI=-0.037 to -0.002) and psychological problems (B=-0.055; 95% CI=-0.091 to -0.018). Conclusions: Nine out of ten elderly with polypharmacy present endocrine or cardiovascular diseases. Three quarters suffer from five or more chronic diseases. It was found that the variables associated with better quality of life were younger age, male gender, social class, physical activity, lower Charlson Index and less locomotive and psychological problems (AU)

Nefritis intersticial aguda por ibuprofeno en población pediátrica / Ibuprofen-induced acute interstitial nephritis in the paediatric population

No disponible

Clinical Features, Non-Infectious Manifestations and Survival Analysis of 161 Children with Primary Immunodeficiency in Mexico: A Single Center Experience Over two Decades.

PURPOSE: The hallmark of Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) is unusual infection, although other immunological non-infectious manifestations such as autoimmunity, allergy and cancer are often present. Most published reports focus on one disease or defect groups, so that a global prevalence of non-infectious manifestations of PID is hard to find. We aimed to describe the clinical features of our pediatric patients with PID, as well as the frequency and evolution of allergy, cancer and autoimmunity. METHODS: We reviewed all the available charts of patients being followed for PID from 1991 to the spring of 2012 at the National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, to describe their demographic, clinical and laboratory features. Their diagnoses were established by pediatric immunologists in accordance to ESID criteria, including routine immunological workup and specialized diagnostic assays. We divided patients by decade of diagnosis to analyze their survival curves. RESULTS: There were 168 charts available, from which we excluded one duplicate and six equivocal diagnoses. We studied the charts of 161 PID patients (68% male, 86% alive), mostly from the center of the country, with a positive family history in 27% and known consanguinity in 11%. Eighty percent of the patients were diagnosed during the last decade. Current median age was 124 months; median age at onset of infections, 12 months; median age at diagnosis, 52 months; median age at death, 67.5 months. Severe infection and bleeding were the cause of 22 deaths. Eighty-six percent of all patients had at least one infection, while non-infectious manifestations had a global prevalence of 36%, namely: autoimmunity 19%, allergies 17%, and cancer 2.4%. Survival curves were not significantly different when compared by decade of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to other registry reports, we found a lower prevalence of antibody defects, and of associated allergy and cancer. We could only locate two isolated IgA deficiencies and four cases of cancer among our PID patients. Although antibody defects are the most prevalent group (30%), the distribution we found is similar to that reported in Iran, Kuwait, Egypt and Taiwan, with a close 27% share for phagocyte defects, and 26% for the formerly called "well-defined" syndromes. Of note, autoimmune and inflammatory complications are high among our patients with chronic granulomatous disease, as has been reported in both the United States and Japan, but not in Europe.

Mycobacterium fortuitum como causa de infección del orificio del catéter de diálisis peritoneal. Caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Mycobacterium fortuitum as a cause of peritoneal dialysis catheter port infection. A clinical case and a review of the literature

No disponible

[Influence of double workload in perceived health and health services utilization of immigrants and Murcian natives, Spain]. / Influencia de la doble carga de trabajo en el estado de salud percibida y utilización de servicios sanitarios de las poblaciones inmigrante y autóctona de la región de Murcia.

BACKGROUND: Gender inequalities in health have been largely documented. The main objective of this study is to assess whether there are gender differences in perceived health and health services utilization, and their relation with double workload in a representative sample of immigrants and Murcian natives. METHODS: We used data from the NHS 2006 and Health and Culture Study, 1,303 immigrants and 1,303 Spanish, both residents in the Region of Murcia. With the combination of reproductive work and paid work we built up the variable 'double workload' (DW). We estimated the prevalence ratio (PR) for positive self-perceived health, chronic morbidity, activity limitation, doctor's visits, hospitalization, emergency and drug use, by origin, using regression methods. Two models were constructed by adding double burden to the basic model adjusted by sociodemographic variables. Analyses were performed between and within sex. RESULTS: After adjusting for DW, no changes were seen in the differences by gender [RP women/men of positive perception health: 0.70 (0.54-0.89) East European; 0.87 (0.79-0.95) autochthonous / chronic morbidity: 1.44 (1.14-1.82) Hispanic; 1.36 (1.19-1.55) autochthonous / activity limitation: 2.23 (1.29-3.83) Hispanic; 1.45 (1.01-2.10) autochthonous / doctor's visits: 1.93 (1.50-2.48) Hispanic; 1.74 (1.06-2.86) Moroccan; 1.32 (1.09-1.59) autochthonous / hospitalization: 1.80 (1.02-3.17) Hispanic], almost the same than unadjusted. Women used more drugs than men. Within sexes, both autochthonous men (1.19; 1.06-1.33) and women (1.18; 1.01-1.40) with shared DW had more positive self-perceived health than those without DW. Hispanic men with DW without assistance: 0.67 (0.47-0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Women have worse health indicators and greater use of health services regardless of origin. Consideration of the double workload does not explain gender inequalities in health.

Infuencia de la doble carga de trabajo en el estado de salud percibida y utilización de servicios sanitarios de las poblaciones inmigrante y utóctona de la Región de Murcia / Influence of double workload in perceived health and health services utilization of immigrants and Murcian natives, Spain

Fundamentos: Las desigualdades de género en salud han sido ampliamente documentadas. El principal objetivo es evaluar si existen diferencias de género en salud percibida y utilización de servicios sanitarios, y su relación con la doble carga de trabajo, en una muestra representativa de población inmigrante y autóctona de la Región de Murcia (RM). Métodos: Se utilizaron datos de la ENS 2006 y el Estudio Salud y Culturas, 1.303 inmigrantes y 1.303 españoles residentes en la RM. La combinación del trabajo reproductivo y remunerado se consideró «doble carga» (DC). Se estimó la razón de prevalencia (RP) de la percepción positiva de salud, morbilidad crónica, limitación de actividad, visitas al médico, hospitalización, visitas a urgencias y consumo de fármacos, en cada grupo de origen, mediante métodos de regresión. Se construyeron dos modelos, añadiendo el ajuste por DC al modelo ajustado por variables sociodemográficas. Se realizó análisis inter e intrasexo. Resultados: Al ajustar por DC no se observaron cambios en las diferencias entre sexos [RP mujeres/hombres de percepción positiva salud: 0,70 (0,54-0,89) europeos Este; 0,87 (0,79-0,95) autóctonos / morbilidad crónica: 1,44 (1,14-1,82) hispanoamericanos; 1,36 (1,19-1,55) autóctonos / limitación actividad: 2,23 (1,29-3,83) hispanoamericanos; 1,45 (1,01-2,10) autóctonos / consulta médico: 1,93 (1,50-2,48) hispanoamericanos; 1,74 (1,06-2,86) marroquíes; 1,32 (1,09-1,59) autóctonos / hospitalización: 1,80 (1,02-3,17) hispanoamericanos], casi los mismos que sin ajustar. Las mujeres consumieron más fármacos que los hombres. Entre sexos, hombres (1,19; 1,06-1,33) y mujeres (1,18; 1,01-1,40) de la RM con DC compartida declararon mayor percepción positiva de salud que aquellos sin DC; hombres hispanoamericanos con DC sin ayuda: 0,67 (0,47-0,94). Conclusiones: Las mujeres presentan peores indicadores de salud y mayor uso de servicios sanitarios independientemente del origen. La doble carga no modifica las desigualdades de género en salud(AU)

Background: Gender inequalities in health have been largely documented. The main objective of this study is to assess whether there are gender differences in perceived health and health services utilization, and their relation with double workload in a representative sample of immigrants and Murcian natives. Methods: We used data from the NHS 2006 and Health and Culture Study, 1,303 immigrants and 1,303 Spanish, both residents in the Region of Murcia. With the combination of reproductive work and paid work we built up the variable “double workload” (DW). We estimated the prevalence ratio (PR) for positive self-perceived health, chronic morbidity, activity limitation, doctor’s visits, hospitalization, emergency and drug use, by origin, using regression methods. Two models were constructed by adding double burden to the basic model adjusted by sociodemographic variables. Analyses were performed between and within sex. Results: After adjusting for DW, no changes were seen in the differences by gender [RP women/men of positive perception health: 0.70 (0.54-0.89) East European; 0.87 (0.79-0.95) autochthonous / chronic morbidity: 1.44 (1.14-1.82) Hispanic; 1.36 (1.19-1.55) autochthonous / activity limitation: 2.23 (1.29-3.83) Hispanic; 1.45 (1.01-2.10) autochthonous / doctor’s visits: 1.93 (1.50-2.48) Hispanic; 1.74 (1.06-2.86) Moroccan; 1.32 (1.09-1.59) autochthonous / hospitalization: 1.80 (1.02-3.17) Hispanic], almost the same than unadjusted. Women used more drugs than men. Within sexes, both autochthonous men (1.19; 1.06-1.33) and women (1.18; 1.01-1.40) with shared DW had more positive self-perceived health than those without DW. Hispanic men with DW without assistance: 0.67 (0.47-0.94). Conclusions: Women have worse health indicators and greater use of health services regardless of origin. Consideration of the double workload does not explain gender inequalities in health(AU)

Inversión uterina total: reposición mediante expresión manual del cuerpo uterino por vía laparotómica / Complete uterine inversion: manual repositioning after laparotomy

La inversión uterina es una de las complicaciones más graves que pueden suceder en la tercera etapa del parto. Presentamos el caso de una gestación que finaliza en un parto eutócico, objetivando una inversión uterina total, que no se puede resolver por vía vaginal precisando abordaje laparotómico. La inversión se reduce mediante presión manual del cuerpo uterino hasta que el fondo uterino queda totalmente repuesto. La evolución posterior de la paciente es favorable. Hemos realizado una revisión de la literatura científica analizando la incidencia, factores de riesgo, clasificación, clínica y opciones terapéuticas relacionadas con dicha complicación (AU)

Uterine inversion is one of the most life-threatening obstetric emergencies that can occur during the third stage of labor. We present a case of acute complete uterine inversion following a vaginal birth. Manual vaginal manipulation was unsuccessful and surgical reduction by laparotomy was required. During the repositioning procedure, manual pressure was applied to the uterine body until the fundus reached its anatomic position. Subsequent patient outcome was favourable. A review of the literature was performed, focusing on the epidemiology, risk factors, classification, clinical findings and management of this complication (AU)

Técnica B-Lynch para el tratamiento de la hemorragia posparto / The B-Lynch technique for the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage

Objetivo Revisar la eficacia de la técnica descrita por B-Lynch en 8 casos de hemorragia posparto precoz secundaria a atonía uterina refractarios al tratamiento médico convencional. Sujetos y métodos Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de 8 casos de atonía uterina en los que se aplicó la técnica de B-Lynch en nuestro centro entre 2004 y 2009.ResultadosEn 7 casos en los que se realizó la técnica se consiguió resolver el problema hemorrágico, excepto en uno de ellos en el que hubo que hacer una histerectomía obstétrica. Conclusiones La técnica de B-Lynch es una técnica efectiva, rápida y segura en el tratamiento de la atonía uterina, no obstante a veces hay que recurrir a la histerectomía obstétrica, como último recurso, cuando anteriormente nos han fracasado todas las técnicas, para permitir conservar la integridad uterina (AU)

Objective To review the effectiveness of the technique described by B-Lynch in 8 cases of early postpartum hemorrhage secondary to uterine atony refractory to medical treatment. Subjects and methods We performed a retrospective descriptive study of 8 cases of uterine atony treated with the B-Lynch technique in our center between 2004 and 2009.ResultsHemorrhage was resolved in 7 patients. Obstetric hysterectomy was required in the remaining patient. Conclusions The B-Lynch technique is effective, safe and rapid in the treatment of uterine atony. However, obstetric hysterectomy may be required as a last resort when all other uterine-conserving techniques have failed (AU)