Effect of caloric restriction and low fructose consumption on oxidative damage in adults with obesity / Efecto de la restricción calórica y el bajo consumo de fructosa sobre el daño oxidativo en adultos con obesidad

Background: The consumption of macronutrients rich insugars, mainly fructose, promote metabolic changes and in-duce insulin resistance, hepatic and extrahepatic fatty aciddeposits, as well as an increase in the generation of free rad-icals and oxidative stress.Methods: Randomized clinical study, 74 subjects partici-pated, divided into 2 group: a calorie-restricted diet (n=37)and a low-fructose diet (n=37). They were evaluated at thebeginning and 6 weeks after the implementation of the diet,using anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Descriptivestatistics were used to analyze the data, Student’s t test fortwo independent samples considering unequal variances andfor means of two paired samples. Level p<0.05 was consid-ered in each analysis test.Results: The body mass index (BMI) shows statisticallysignificant differences p< 0.05 in the group with calorie re-striction after applying the diet. The waist and hip circumfer-ence were modified by the implementation of the diet in eachindependent group (p<0.001 for each statistical difference,respectively), only the waist-hip index (WHR) was modifiedwhen the results were compared between both groups,p<0.05. In the biochemical parameters after the implementa-tion of the diets, in the low-fructose diet group an increase inblood glucose was observed from 175.97 to 187.40 mg/dl,cholesterol from 34.05 to 36.89 mg/dl and HDL from 104.77to 115.47 mg/dl. However, no statistically significant differ-ences were found when comparing both groups. No statisti-cally significant differences were observed in lipid peroxida-tion parameters or oxidized carbonyls.Conclusion: The modifications in hepatic metabolismcould be related to the energy quantity and the source ofmacronutrients.(AU)

Effect of Restriction of Foods with High Fructose Corn Syrup Content on Metabolic Indices and Fatty Liver in Obese Children.

OBJECTIVE: We examined the effect of restriction of foods with high fructose content in obese school children. METHODS: In a clinical study, we selected 54 obese children 6 to 11 years old with high fructose consumption (>70 g/day) in order indicate dietary fructose restriction (<20 g/day) for 6 weeks. Anthropometry, liver ultrasound as well as glucose, insulin, lipids, leptin, IGFBP1, and RBP4 serum levels were collected. RESULTS: The group of children had 80% adherence and reported decreased fructose consumption (110 ± 38.6 to 11.4 ± 12.0 g/day) and also a significant decrease in caloric (2,384 ± 568 to 1,757 ± 387 kcal/day) and carbohydrate consumption (302 ± 80.4 to 203 ± 56.0 g/day). The severity of steatosis improved significantly after fructose restriction (p < 0.000001). However, no changes in BMI, systolic blood pressure, or diastolic blood pressure were found. Only triglyceride levels decreased (1.44 ± 0.43 to 1.31 ± 0.38 mmol/l), High-densitiy lipoprotein cholesterol showed a marginal increase (1.45 ± 0.19 to 1.56 ± 0.44 mmol/l). Insulin resistance and RBP4 did not change. CONCLUSIONS: In school children, the restriction of high fructose foods with a decrease of caloric and carbohydrate intake at 6 weeks did not induce weight loss; however, triglyceride levels and hepatic steatosis decreased. Differences with other studies in regard to weight loss may be explained by adaptive changes on metabolic expenditure.