[Effect of Free Nitrous Acid on the Activity of Nitrifying Bacteria in Different Sludge Concentrations Under Anoxic Conditions].

This study investigated the inhibitory effect of free nitrous acid (FNA) on the activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) under anoxic conditions with different mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS). Sequencing batch reactors were used to study the changes in the activity of AOB and NOB in nitrifying activated sludge based on four different MLSS (8398, 11254, 15998, and 19637 mg·L-1), after treatment, under anoxic conditions with FNA (at an initial concentration of 1.3 mg·L-1) for 48 h. The results showed that the pH increased by approximately 0.9, but the concentration of NO2--N did not decrease significantly. With over-aeration, the concentration of NH4+-N gradually degraded to 0 mg·L-1, and the removal rate of NH4+-N gradually increased to a maximum of 4.4-6.8 mg·(L·h)-1 which time used was shorter with the increase of the inhibition MLSS. The nitrite accumulation rate was more than 92% when the sludge concentration was 8398, 11254, 15998, and 19637 mg·L-1 and with over-aeration for 0-396 h, 0-396 h, 0-372 h, and 0-168 h, respectively. When aerated for 468 h, 468 h, 444 h, and 264 h, the NO2--N concentration and NAR decreased to 0, and NO3--N concentrations increased to their highest with the values of 42.6, 49.9, 42.9, and 47.9 mg·L-1 respectively.

[Effect of Temperature on the Activity Kinetics of Nitrobacter].

A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated in this study to investigate the effect of temperature on the kinetics of Nitrobacter activity among nitrite oxidizing bacteria. At the beginning of the experiment, the NO2--N concentration in the influent was changed to enrich Nitrobacter. Then, the sludge with enriched Nitrobacter was employed to determine the variation of the specific nitrite oxidation rate (SNiOR) during the nitrite oxidation process in batch tests. Metagenomics species annotation and abundance analysis showed that Nitrobacter accounted for 40.3% of the total bacterial population. The variation of SNiOR in the nitrite oxidation process was investigated under different NO2--N concentrations. The effect of temperature on the kinetics of Nitrobacter was investigated using the Monod model. Furthermore, the kinetics model of the effect of temperature on Nitrobacter activity was fitted for statistical analysis. The results showed that SNiOR reached its maximum at 30℃, which was 1.31 g·(g·d)-1. Statistical analysis showed that the Monod equation could describe the effect of substrate concentration on Nitrobacter activity under different temperature conditions. Calculating the temperature coefficient (θ) in different temperature intervals based on the Phelps equation, showed that when the system temperature is lower than 25℃ or higher than 30℃, the reaction rate is more sensitive to temperature changes.

[Synergetic Inhibitory Effect of Free Ammonia and Aeration Phase Length Control on the Activity of Nitrifying Bacteria].

Three sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) labeled with R(Ahead), R(Exact) and R(Exceed) were employed to investigate the synergetic inhibition effect of free ammonia (FA) and length of aeration phase on the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria ( AOB) and nitrite- oxidizing bacteria (NOB) after shortcut nitritation was achieved in the systems. The experiments were conducted under the conditions of three FA concentrations (0.5, 5. 1, 10.1 mg · L⁻¹) combined with three kinds of aeration time (t(Exact): the time when ammonia oxidation was completed; t(Ahead): 30 min ahead of the time when ammonia oxidation was completed; t(Exceed): 30 min exceeded when the time ammonia oxidation was completed). It was found that short-cut nitrification could be successfully established in three reactors with a FA level of 10.1 mg · L⁻¹. Meanwhile, the speed of achieving nitritation was in the sequence of R(Ahead) > R(Exact) > R(Exceed) with operational cycles of 56, 62 and 72, respectively. Compared to AOB, NOB in the three reactors was observed to be more sensitive to FA, resulting in AOB activity higher than NOB activity throughout the whole experimental period. Moreover, there was great difference in the activity coefficient ( η) between AOB and NOB. The activity coefficients of AOB were in the order of η(RExact) > η(RExceed) > η(RAhead) with the values of 104.4%, 100% and 85.8%, respectively. Nevertheless, the activity coefficients of NOB were in the order of η(RExceed) > η(RExact) > η(RAhead) with the values of 71.2%, 64.9% and 50.2%, respectively.