Research status and prospect of purification technology of sulfur-containing odor gas.

Catalytic purification of sulphur-containing malodorous gases has attracted wide attention because of its advantages of high purification efficiency, low energy consumption and lack of secondary pollution. The selection of efficient catalysts is the key to the problem, while the preparation and optimisation of catalysts depend on the analysis of experimental results and in-depth mechanistic analysis. By analysing the published literature, bibliometric analysis can identify existing research hotspots, the areas of interest and predict development trends, which can help to identify hot catalysts in the catalytic purification of sulphur-containing odours and to investigate their catalytic purification mechanisms. Therefore, this paper uses bibliometric analysis, based on Web Of Science and CNKI databases, CiteSpace and VOS viewer software to collate and analyse the literature on the purification of sulphur-containing odour pollutants, to identify the current research hotspots, to summarise the progress of research on the catalytic purification of different types of sulphur-containing odours, and to analyse their reaction mechanisms and kinetics. On this basis, the research progress of catalytic purification of different kinds of sulfur odour is summarized, and the reaction mechanism and dynamics are summarized.

Nanocarrier-based drug delivery system with dual targeting and NIR/pH response for synergistic treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is highly heterogeneous and aggressive, but therapies based on single-targeted nanoparticles frequently address these tumors as a single illness. To achieve more efficient drug transport, it is crucial to develop nanodrug-carrying systems that simultaneously target two or more cancer biomarkers. In addition, combining chemotherapy with near-infrared (NIR) light-mediated thermotherapy allows the thermal ablation of local malignancies via photothermal therapy (PTT), and triggers drug release to improve chemosensitivity. Thus, a novel dual-targeted nano-loading system, DOX@GO-HA-HN-1 (GHHD), was created for synergistic chemotherapy and PTT by the co-modification of carboxylated graphene oxide (GO) with hyaluronic acid (HA) and HN-1 peptide and loading with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). Targeted delivery using GHHD was shown to be superior to single-targeted nanoparticle delivery. NIR radiation will encourage the absorption of GHHD by tumor cells and cause the site-specific release of DOX in conjunction with the acidic microenvironment of the tumor. In addition, chemo-photothermal combination therapy for cancer treatment was realized by causing cell apoptosis under the irradiation of 808-nm laser. In summary, the application of GHHD to chemotherapy combined with photothermal therapy for OSCC is shown to have important potential as a means of combatting the low accumulation of single chemotherapeutic agents in tumors and drug resistance generated by single therapeutic means, enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

Whole-body linear momentum control in two-foot running jumps in male basketball players.

Running jumps that depart the ground from two feet require momenta redirection upward from initial momenta that are primarily horizontal. It is not known how each leg generates backward and upward impulses from ground reaction forces to satisfy this mechanical objective when jumping to maximize height. We examined whole-body linear momentum control strategies during these two-foot running jumps by uncovering the roles of each leg in impulse generation. 3D motion capture and force plates were used to record 14 male basketball players performing two-foot running jumps towards an adjustable basketball hoop. Total ground contact phase started from the first leg ground contact and ended at takeoff and was divided into center of mass descent and ascent subphases. During the total ground contact phase, all participants generated significantly more upward impulse with the first leg and ten participants generated significantly more backward impulse with the first leg compared to the second leg. During the descent subphase, all participants generated significantly more upward and backward impulses with the first leg. During the ascent subphase, all but one participant generated significantly more backward impulse with the second leg. In addition to group-level statistics, participant-specific strategies were described. Overall, this study revealed the fundamental whole-body momentum control strategies used in two-foot running jumps and supports future research into optimal jump techniques and training interventions that respect the need to satisfy the mechanical objectives of the movement.

Generation of a highly specific and potent antibody against Ce-lamin/LMN-1.

High quality antibodies are useful tools for research in cell and developmental biology. We have obtained highly specific and potent guinea pig-derived polyclonal antibodies against Ce-lamin/ LMN-1 . Western blotting experiments using these antibodies demonstrated that maternally loaded Ce-lamin/ LMN-1 protein is very stable, can perdure through embryonic and larval development and remain detectable in homozygous null lmn-1 mutant adults.

Risk factors and prediction model for postoperative complications in patients with struvite stones after percutaneous nephrolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the risk factors for complications in patients with struvite stones following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or flexible ureteroscopy (fURS), and to establish a nomogram for postoperative complications in patients following PCNL. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with struvite stones after PCNL and fURS at the Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, from January 2012 to March 2022. The common pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibilities in preoperative midstream urine culture were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the risk factors. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the discrimination, accuracy, and practicability of the nomogram. RESULTS: 332 patients with struvite stones received one-stage PCNL or fURS, including 243 cases of PCNL and 89 cases of fURS. 72 patients (21.69%) developed postoperative complications. The most common pathogens in preoperative urine cultures were Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Enterococcus faecalis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative hemoglobin (OR = 0.981, P = 0.042), staghorn stone (OR = 4.226, P = 0.037), and positive preoperative midstream urine culture (OR = 2.000, P = 0.043) were independent risk factors for postoperative complications in patients following PCNL. The nomogram showed good performance in discrimination, accuracy, and applicability. CONCLUSION: Preoperative hemoglobin, staghorn stone, and positive preoperative midstream urine culture were independent risk factors for postoperative complications in patients with struvite stones following PCNL. A nomogram was developed to predict the probability of postoperative complications.

Removal mechanism of phosphorus in water by calcium hydroxide modified copper tailings.

With the development of industry and agriculture, eutrophication caused by increasing amounts of phosphorus in the environment has attracted people's attention. On the other hand, copper tailings (CT) is a kind of solid waste with large quantity, large area, and easy to cause groundwater and soil pollution. CT is also a potential resource because of its large specific surface area. CT is intended to be used as an adsorbent for removal phosphate in water, but trace heavy metals and a small amount of phosphate in CT may bring negative effects. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) was used to modify CT (CCT), hoping to fix the heavy metals and phosphate in CT at the same time. It was found that the removal capacity of CCT was significantly higher than that of CT. The process of phosphate removal by CCT involves electrostatic sorption and surface precipitation, and there is a synergistic effect between CT and Ca(OH)2. The phosphate removal rate of CCT-0.4 increased with the increase of pH value under alkaline conditions. The XRD patterns of phosphate sorption by CCT mean that Ca3(PO4)2, Ca5(PO4)3(OH) and AlPO4 exist in CCT after phosphate removal, indicating that surface precipitation occurs during the removal process. In summary, the removal mechanism of phosphate by CCT is mainly electrostatic attraction and surface precipitation.

Comparative analysis of codon usage bias in the chloroplast genomes of eighteen Ampelopsideae species (Vitaceae).

BACKGROUND: The tribe Ampelopsideae plants are important garden plants with both medicinal and ornamental values. The study of codon usage bias (CUB) facilitates a deeper comprehension of the molecular genetic evolution of species and their adaptive strategies. The joint analysis of CUB in chloroplast genomes (cpDNA) offers valuable insights for in-depth research on molecular genetic evolution, biological resource conservation, and elite breeding within this plant family. RESULTS: The base composition and codon usage preferences of the eighteen chloroplast genomes were highly similar, with the GC content of bases at all positions of their codons being less than 50%. This indicates that they preferred A/T bases. Their effective codon numbers were all in the range of 35-61, which indicates that the codon preferences of the chloroplast genomes of the 18 Ampelopsideae plants were relatively weak. A series of analyses indicated that the codon preference of the chloroplast genomes of the 18 Ampelopsideae plants was influenced by a combination of multiple factors, with natural selection being the primary influence. The clustering tree generated based on the relative usage of synonymous codons is consistent with some of the results obtained from the phylogenetic tree of chloroplast genomes, which indicates that the clustering tree based on the relative usage of synonymous codons can be an important supplement to the results of the sequence-based phylogenetic analysis. Eventually, 10 shared best codons were screened on the basis of the chloroplast genomes of 18 species. CONCLUSION: The codon preferences of the chloroplast genome in Ampelopsideae plants are relatively weak and are primarily influenced by natural selection. The codon composition of the chloroplast genomes of the eighteen Ampelopsideae plants and their usage preferences were sufficiently similar to demonstrate that the chloroplast genomes of Ampelopsideae plants are highly conserved. This study provides a scientific basis for the genetic evolution of chloroplast genes in Ampelopsideae species and their suitable strategies.

Neoadjuvant radiation target volume definition in esophageal squamous cell cancer: a multicenter recommendations from Chinese experts.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to establish a consensus on the delineation of target volumes for neoadjuvant radiation therapy (nRT) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) within China. METHODS: From February 2020 to June 2021, nine ESCC patients who received nRT were retrospectively selected from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and Shandong Cancer Hospital. A panel from eight cancer radiotherapy centers performed two rounds of nRT target volume delineation for these patients: the first round for cases 1-6 and the second for cases 7-9. Online meetings were held after each delineation round to discuss findings. The consistency of delineations across centers was compared using mean undirected Hausdorff distances (Hmean), dice similarity coefficients (DSC), and total volumes, analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The second round of delineations showed improved consistency across centers (total clinical target volume (CTVtotal): mean DSC = 0.76-0.81; mean Hmean = 2.11-3.14 cm) compared to the first round (CTVtotal: mean DSC = 0.63-0.64; mean Hmean = 5.66-7.34 cm; DSC and Hmean: P < 0.050 between rounds), leading to the formation of a consensus and an atlas for ESCC nRT target volume delineation. A proposal was reached through evaluating target volume delineations, analyzing questionnaire survey outcomes, and reviewing pertinent literature. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed guidelines and an atlas for target volume delineation in nRT therapy for ESCC in China. These resources are designed to facilitate more consistent delineation of target volumes in both clinical practice and clinical trials.

Bioelectrical impedance phase angle and the mortality in critically ill children.

Background: Phase angle (PhA) is a variable obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). It is highly sensitive and specific and is commonly used in clinical nutrition assessment. Recently, PhA has shown promise in predicting clinical outcomes, especially as a new indicator of mortality, but its use in pediatric research is limited. This study aims to investigate the association between PhA measured at admission using BIA and PICU length of stay (LOS) and 60-day mortality in critically ill children and adolescents. Methods: A consecutive series of pediatric patients in the PICU underwent BIA measurements within 72 h of admission. All patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patient demographics, anthropometric measurements, pediatric index of mortality 2 score (PIM-2), and laboratory exams were recorded. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curves were constructed based on the critical PhA value to assess differences in survival status within the 60-day window. Multivariate cox regression model was employed to illustrate the relationship between PhA and 60-day mortality rates. The Youden's index method was used to identify the critical cut-off value for PhA in relation to mortality rates. ROC curves provided the area under the curve (AUC) and a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of 205 pediatric patients (118 boys) were included, with a mean age of 9.2 years (±6.0). Survival curves indicated a cutoff value of 3.1°, with higher survival in patients with PhA ≥3.1° compared to those with PhA <3.1° (F = 10.51, p < 0.0001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.70, with a sensitivity of 0.65 and specificity of 0.72. Total hospital LOS was longer in the PhA <3.1° group compared to the PhA ≥3.1° group (p = 0.000). The PhA <3.1° group had a longer PICU LOS (adjusted for age and sex, HR 1.871, p = 0.000, log-rank test, p = 0.000). PhA and PIM-2 were two independently significant correlated variables (p < 0.05) for the 60-day mortality rate in this study. Conclusion: Low PhA in patients is associated with longer PICU LOS and an increased risk of PICU patient mortality. PhA not only serves as an indicator for monitoring pediatric nutrition but also as a prognostic indicator for PICU patients.

In Situ Polymerization for Manufacture of Multifunctional Delivery Systems for Transcellular Delivery of Nucleic Acids.

Electrostatic self-assembly between negatively charged nucleic acids and cationic materials is the basis for the formulation of the delivery systems. Nevertheless, structural disintegration occurs because their colloidal stabilities are frequently insufficient in a hostile biological environment. To overcome the sequential biological barriers encountered during transcellular gene delivery, we attempted to use in situ polymerization onto plasmid DNA (pDNA) with a variety of functional monomers, including N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylate, (aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride, 1-vinylimidazole, and 2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine and N,N'-bis(acryloyl) cystamine. The covalently linked monomers could polymerize into a network structure on top of pDNA, providing excellent structural stability. Additionally, the significant proton buffering capacity of 1-vinylimidazole is expected to aid in the release of pDNA payloads from acidic and digestive endolysosomes. In addition, the redox-mediated cleavage of the disulfide bond in N,N'-bis(acryloyl)cystamine allows for the selective cleavage of the covalently linked network in the cytosolic microenvironment. This is due to the high intracellular level of glutathione, which promotes the liberation of pDNA payloads in the cell interiors. The proposed polymerization strategies resulted in well-defined nanoscale pDNA delivery systems. Excellent colloidal stabilities were observed, even when incubated in the presence of high concentrations of heparin (10 mg/mL). In contrast, the release of pDNA was confirmed upon incubation in the presence of glutathione, mimicking the intracellular microenvironment. Cell transfection experiments verified their efficient cellular uptake and gene expression activities in the hard-transfected MCF-7 cells. Hence, the polymerization strategy used in the fabrication of covalently linked nonviral gene delivery systems shows promise in creating high-performance gene delivery systems with diverse functions. This could open new avenues in cellular microenvironment engineering.

Pd-catalyzed sequential intramolecular annulation/intermolecular [3+2] cycloaddition of 5-allenyloxazolidine-2,4-diones with dipoles: synthesis of spiroheterocycles.

Pd-catalyzed sequential intramolecular annulation/intermolecular [3+2] cycloaddition of 5-allenyloxazolidine-2,4-diones with dipoles was achieved. Under palladium catalysis, various 5-allenyloxazolidine-2,4-diones reacted with 1,3-dipoles such as nitrile N-oxides, azomethine imines or nitrilimines to give a series of functionalized spiroheterocycles in high yields. The scale-up reaction and further derivation of products were successful. A plausible mechanism was also proposed based on the control experiments.

A tale of two narratives: The role of event disruption in employee affective and behavioral reactions to authoritarian leadership.

Extant research demonstrates the destructive nature of authoritarian leadership in the workplace, yet its widespread use suggests that a more balanced view of this leadership style may be needed to identify whether this form of leadership engenders favorable reactions in specific circumstances. Integrating insights from appraisal theory and the compensatory control model, we posit that authoritarian leadership can evoke anxiety among employees in less disruptive settings, whereas it evokes feelings of awe in highly disruptive contexts. These anxiety and awe reactions then influence employees' downstream leader-focused behaviors (i.e., leader-directed avoidance and affiliation) and general work behaviors (i.e., counterproductive behavior and job performance). Thus, whether reactions to authoritarian leadership are dysfunctional or functional is contingent on event disruption as a key boundary condition. Results from an experience sampling study (Study 1), a multiwave and multisource field study (Study 2), and laboratory experiments (Studies 3a and 3b) largely confirm these predictions. The findings underscore the importance of event disruption for predicting employee reactions to authoritarian styles of leadership. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Genome-based reclassification of Kineococcus aureolus Xu et al. 2017 as a later heterotypic synonym of Kineococcus terrestris Xu et al. 2017.

We aimed to elucidate the relationship between Kineococcus terrestris and Kineococcus aureolus through whole-genome-based analysis. The genome-derived 16S rRNA gene sequences of K. terrestris KCTC 39738T and K. aureolus KCTC 39739T shared a 100% similarity. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences revealed that K. terrestris KCTC 39738T and K. aureolus KCTC 39739T formed a robust clade, indicating a close relationship between them. Genomic comparison showed that the two strains shared 99.1% average nucleotide identity, 92.0% digital DNA-DNA hybridization and 98.9% average amino acid identity values, all of which exceeded the recommended threshold values for species classification. Most phenotypic characteristics between the two species were almost identical. Based on the above evidence, we propose the reclassification of Kineococcus aureolus Xu et al. 2017 as a later heterotypic synonym of Kineococcus terrestris Xu et al. 2017. Since these two species were proposed in the same article, the principle of priority does not apply. Our proposal is supported by the fact that the nomenclatural authorities first described Kineococcus terrestris.

Association of computed tomography-derived pectoralis muscle area and density with disease severity and respiratory symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case-control study.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Computed tomography (CT) is commonly used and offers an additional viewpoint for evaluating extrapulmonary symptoms, disease severity, and muscle atrophy. This study assessed whether the pectoralis muscle area (PMA) and pectoralis muscle density (PMD) are lower in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than in healthy controls and elucidated their relationships with these variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The participants were enrolled in the hospital outpatient clinic between October 2023 and May 2024. Information was obtained from questionnaires, lung function, and CT imaging findings. On full-inspiratory CT, the PMA and PMD were measured at the aortic arch level using predetermined attenuation ranges of -29 and 150 Hounsfield units. We observed lower PMA and PMD and evaluated their associations with lung function, respiratory symptoms, and CT imaging findings in patients with COPD. RESULTS: Overall, 120 participants were enrolled at baseline (60 healthy controls and 60 patients with COPD). PMA and PMD were lower with progressive airflow limitation severity in those with COPD. The degree of emphysema and air trapping, as well as lung function, were correlated with PMA and PMD (P < 0.05), although not with the COPD Assessment Test or modified Medical Research Council scores (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Participants with COPD had smaller PMA and PMD. These measurements were correlated with the severity of airflow limitation, lung function, emphysema, and air trapping, suggesting that these features of the pectoralis muscle obtained from CT are helpful in assessments of patients with COPD.

Stanniocalcin-1 promotes temozolomide resistance of glioblastoma through regulation of MGMT.

Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is a major challenge in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). Tumour reproductive cells (TRCs) have been implicated in the development of chemotherapy resistance. By culturing DBTRG cells in three-dimensional soft fibrin gels to enrich GBM TRCs and performing RNA-seq analysis, the expression of stanniocalcin-1 (STC), a gene encoding a secreted glycoprotein, was found to be upregulated in TRCs. Meanwhile, the viability of TMZ-treated TRC cells was significantly higher than that of TMZ-treated 2D cells. Analysis of clinical data from CGGA (Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas) database showed that high expression of STC1 was closely associated with poor prognosis, glioma grade and resistance to TMZ treatment, suggesting that STC1 may be involved in TMZ drug resistance. The expression of STC1 in tissues and cells was examined, as well as the effect of STC1 on GBM cell proliferation and TMZ-induced DNA damage. The results showed that overexpression of STC1 promoted and knockdown of STC1 inhibited TMZ-induced DNA damage. These results were validated in an intracranial tumour model. These data revealed that STC1 exerts regulatory functions on MGMT expression in GBM, and provides a rationale for targeting STC1 to overcome TMZ resistance.

Promoting effect of Cu as electron transfer medium on NH3-SCO reaction in asymmetric Ag-Ov-Ti-Sm-Cu ring active site.

Selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH3-SCO) has become an effective method to reduce ammonia (NH3) emissions, and is a key part to solve the problem of NH3 pollution. Nevertheless, the optimization of this technology's performance relies heavily on innovation and the development of catalyst design. In this study, a SmCuAgTiOx catalyst with an asymmetric Ag-Ov-Ti-Sm-Cu ring active site was prepared and applied to the NH3-SCO reaction. The low conversion of Cu-based catalysts in NH3 at low temperature and the inherent low N2 selectivity of Ag-based catalysts were solved. The successful creation of the asymmetric ring active site improved the catalyst's reduction performance. Additionally, Cu, acting as an electron transfer medium, plays a crucial role in enhancing electron transfer within the asymmetric ring active site, thus increasing the redox cycle of the catalyst during the reaction. In addition, some lattice oxygen is lost in the catalyst, resulting in the formation of a large number of oxygen vacancies. This process stimulates the adsorption and activation of surface-adsorbed oxygen, facilitating the conversion of NH3 to an amide (NH2) intermediate during the reaction and reducing non-selective oxidation. The N2 selectivity was improved without significantly affecting the performance of Ag-based catalyst. In-situ diffuse reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (In-situ DRIFTS) analysis reveals that the SmCuAgTiOx catalyst primarily follows an "internal" selective catalytic reduction (iSCR) mechanism in the NH3-SCO reaction, complemented by the imide mechanism. The asymmetric Ag-Ov-Ti-Sm-Cu ring active site developed in this study provides a new perspective for efficiently solving NH3 pollution in the future.

Glass Transition Temperature Prediction of Polymers via Graph Reinforcement Learning.

An expansive array of graph-based models has been utilized for accurate prediction of the structure-property relation of polymers. However, these approaches notably underutilize unsupervised structural information. Concentrating on the domain of heterocyclic polymers, particularly polyimides, this study delves into the glass transition temperature (Tg) prediction, aiming to fully exploit the potential within both the global and local structures of molecules. To achieve this, a graph reinforcement learning framework termed Molecular Structural Regularized Graph Convolutional Network with Reinforcement Learning (MSRGCN-RL) is proposed. Experimental results highlight the crucial role of both global and local structural regularization in precise Tg prediction. Concurrently, optimization of MSRGCN training through RL proves essential. This research leads the way in integrating Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with reinforcement learning methodologies for the property prediction of polymers.

Insights into the interaction mechanisms between Microcystin-degrading bacteria and Microcystis aeruginosa.

Interactions between bacteria and cyanobacteria influence the occurrence and development of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs). Bloom-forming cyanobacteria and cyanotoxin-degrading bacteria are essential in HCBs, nonetheless, their interactions and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To address this gap, a typical microcystin-LR (MC-LR)-degrading bacterium and a toxic Microcystis aeruginosa strain were co-cultivated to investigate their interactions. The cyanobacterial growth was enhanced by 24.8 %-44.3 % in the presence of the bacterium in the first 7 days, and the cyanobacterium enhanced the bacterial growth by 59.2 %-117.5 % throughout the growth phases, suggesting a mutualistic relationship between them. The presence of the bacterium increased cyanobacterial intracellular MC-LR content on days 4, 8, and 10 while reducing the extracellular MC-LR concentration, revealing the dual roles of the bacterium in enhancing cyanotoxin production and degrading cyanotoxins. The bacterium alleviated the oxidative stress, which may be crucial in promoting cyanobacterial growth. Critical functional genes related to cyanobacterial photosynthesis and MC-LR synthesis, and bacterial MC-LR degradation were up-regulated in the presence of the bacterium and cyanobacterium, respectively. Moreover, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were produced at the cell interface, implying EPS play a role in cyanobacterial-bacterial interactions. This study is the first to unveil the interaction mechanisms between cyanotoxin-degrading bacteria and bloom-forming cyanobacteria, shedding light on the dynamics of HCBs.

Exploring the correlation between gut microbiota and benign gastric tumors: A Mendelian randomization study.

Recent scientific research has verified a link between malignant tumors in the stomach and the gut microbiota. This research employed Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques to explore the association between gut microbiota and benign gastric malignancies. The data were derived from genome wide association studies-aggregated data consisting of 211 gut microbes and benign gastric lesions and analyzed by MR. Five statistical tools, including inverse variance weighting, weighted median, MR-Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode, were employed in the statistical analysis. The utilization of the leave-one-out approach served as an effective means of detecting data outliers. Furthermore, implementing Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) and MR-Egger intercepts was employed to mitigate the impact of horizontal pleiotropy. The Cochran Q scores for inverse variance weighting and MR-Egger were utilized to determine the extent of heterogeneity. The findings indicate that the family Porphyromonadaceae (odds ratio [OR] = 2.185, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.239-3.855, P = .007), class Bacilli (OR = 1.556, 95%CI: 1.091 - 2.220, P = .015), family Lactobacillaceae (OR = 1.437, 95%CI: 1.049 - 1.969, P = .024), family Oxalobacteraceae (OR = 1.290, 95%CI: 1.035 - 1.608, P = .023) are positively associated with the occurrence of benign gastric tumors. Conversely, the family Pasteurellaceae (OR = 0.752, 95%CI: 0.566 - 0.999, P = .049) and family Peptococcaceae (OR = 0.622, 95%CI: 0.425 - 0.908, P = .014) exhibit a protective effect and significantly decrease the likelihood of benign gastric tumors. The findings of this study suggest that the probability of developing benign gastric tumors is positively associated with the presence of the family Porphyromonadaceae, class Bacilli, family Lactobacillaceae and family Oxalobacteraceae, In contrast, the presence of the family Pasteurellaceae and family Peptococcaceae is negatively associated with this risk. Therefore, regulating gut microbiota may be a potential strategy to reduce the incidence of benign gastric tumors.

High pressure sensor based on intensity-variation using polymer optical fiber.

Silica fiber under high pressure increases the risk of fiber breakage or permanent deformation, which may cause sensor failure due to mechanical strength limitations. High pressure can also induce birefringence in optical fiber. In this study, we present a simple design and low-cost high pressure sensor using polymer optical fiber (POF) based on the intensity-variation technique. A side-coupling mechanism in the sensor structure is adopted, which varies the intensity with applied pressure. Two POFs are twisted together to create a sensing region where the light is launched in the first fiber and measurement is taken from the second fiber. In sensing phenomena, cladding mode frustrated total internal reflection occurs when pressure increases. Silicone gel is used in the pressure chamber for sealing and preventing leakage. The sensor structure is able to detect high pressure in the MPa range, where we tested up to 4 MPa. For higher sensitivity, twisted and bend structure is analyzed, and sensitivity is achieved at about 432.21 nW/MPa. However, twisted helical structure is adopted to enhance sensing range which is about 50 cm. The proposed high-pressure sensor structure is easier to fabricate and has high stability because it doesn't require any destructive method as compared to other conventional methods.