Epidemiología de la diabetes tipo 1 en Asturias: 2002-2011 / Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes in Asturias: 2002-2011

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) es una de las enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes en la infancia. En los últimos años se observa un aumento de la incidencia de esta enfermedad en los menores de 15 años y sobre todo en el grupo de edad más joven. EL objetivo de este estudio es conocer la incidencia de la DM1 en Asturias y sus características. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron en el estudio los niños y jóvenes adultos de menos de 40 años, residentes en Asturias y diagnosticados de DM1 en los centros públicos y privados entre el 1 de enero de 2002 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2011. Se recogió información sobre edad, sexo, fecha al diagnóstico, síntomas iniciales y parámetros bioquímicos de la enfermedad. Resultados: Se diagnosticaron 436 pacientes; de ellos, el 59,63% eran hombres; 169 eran menores de 15 años, de los cuales el 56,8% eran hombres. La tasa de incidencia global ajustada por edad (TI) en Asturias para los diabéticos diagnosticados antes de los 40 años durante este periodo fue de 9,45/100.000 habitantes/año (IC95%: 8,58-10,38); para los hombres fue de 11,07 (IC95%: 9,77-12,50) y para las mujeres, de 7,77 (IC95%: 6,66-9,00). En los menores de 30 años la TI fue de 10,82 (IC95%: 9,67-12,07), 11,91 (IC95%: 10,23-13,78) en los hombres y 7,61 (IC95%: 6,25-9,17) en las mujeres. Para los menores de 15 años la TI fue de 15,60 (IC95%: 13,33-18,13), 17,24/100.000 habitantes/año (IC95%: 13,97-21,06) en hombres y 13,86 (IC95%: 10,86-17,42) en mujeres. Si estimamos la TI ajustada por grupos de edad, en los menores de 15 años observamos que entre 0 y 4 años de edad la TI es de 9,58 (IC95%: 6,64-13,39), entre 5 y 9 años es de 18,25 (IC95%: 14,06-23,31), y entre 10 y 14 años es de 18,78 (IC95%: 14,67-23,69). La incidencia ha permanecido estable en este decenio en prácticamente todos los grupos de edad y sexo, excepto en las niñas menores de 4 años, en las cuales muestra una tendencia significativa al alza. Se observan importantes diferencias en la incidencia entre el área central de Asturias, predominantemente urbana, y las zonas periféricas, predominantemente agrícolas y ganaderas; así la incidencia en Mieres es del 8/100.000/año, mientras en Jarrio llega al 25,6/100.000/año. Conclusión: En Asturias la incidencia de DM1 en niños y jóvenes es comparable a la de las comunidades de nuestro entorno, aunque por debajo de la media de España; permanece estable en los últimos años excepto en las niñas más pequeñas, en quienes aumenta, y presenta una gran variabilidad geográfica entre el centro de la región y la periferia (AU)

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. An increased incidence of T1DM has recently been noted in children under 15 years of age, and especially in the younger group. The purpose of this study was to know the incidence of T1DM in Asturias and its characteristics. Material and methods: Children and young adults under 40 years of age living in Asturias and diagnosed with T1DM in public and private centers from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2011, were included in the study. Information collected included age, sex, date of diagnosis, initial symptoms, and biochemical parameters of the disease. Results: A total of 436 patients were diagnosed, of whom 59.63% were males; 169 were younger than 15 years, 56.8% of them males. The age-adjusted overall incidence rate (IR) in Asturias of people diagnosed with diabetes before 40 years of age during this period was 9.45/100.000 population/year (95% CI: 8.58-10.38), 11.07 in males (95% CI: 9.77-12.50) and 7.77 in females (95% CI: 6,66-9,00). In subjects under 30 years of age, IR rate was 10.82 (95% CI: 9.67-12.07), 11.91 in males (95% CI: 10.23-13.78) and 7.61 in females (95% CI: 6,25-9.17). The IR in subjects younger than 15 years of age was 15.60 (95% CI: 13.33-18.13), 17.24/100,000 population/year (95% CI: 13.97-21.06) in males and 13, 86 (95% CI: 10.86-17.42) in females. Estimated IR adjusted by age group in children under 15 years of age was 9.58 (95% CI: 6.64-13.39) in those aged 0-4 years, 18.25 in those aged 5-9 years (95% CI: 14.06-23.31), and 18.78 (95% CI: 14.67-23.69) between 10 and 14 years of age. IR remained stable in virtually all age groups and in both sexes, except in girls under 4 years of age, who showed a significant upward trend. There were significant differences in incidence between the central area of Asturias, predominantly urban, and the peripheral areas, mainly devoted to farming and livestock breeding. Thus, while IR in Mieres was 8/100,000/year, in Jarrio reached 25.6/100,000/year. Conclusion: In Asturias, incidence of T1DM in children and young adults is similar to that of the surrounding communities, but lower than the average in Spain. It has remained stable in recent years, except in the younger girls (in whom it has increased), and shows a great geographical variability between the center of the region and the periphery (AU)

Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes in Asturias: 2002-2011. / Epidemiología de la diabetes tipo 1 en Asturias: 2002-2011.

INTRODUCTION: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. An increased incidence of T1DM has recently been noted in children under 15 years of age, and especially in the younger group. The purpose of this study was to know the incidence of T1DM in Asturias and its characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Children and young adults under 40 years of age living in Asturias and diagnosed with T1DM in public and private centers from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2011, were included in the study. Information collected included age, sex, date of diagnosis, initial symptoms, and biochemical parameters of the disease. RESULTS: A total of 436 patients were diagnosed, of whom 59.63% were males; 169 were younger than 15 years, 56.8% of them males. The age-adjusted overall incidence rate (IR) in Asturias of people diagnosed with diabetes before 40 years of age during this period was 9.45/100.000 population/year (95% CI: 8.58-10.38), 11.07 in males (95% CI: 9.77-12.50) and 7.77 in females (95% CI: 6,66-9,00). In subjects under 30 years of age, IR rate was 10.82 (95% CI: 9.67-12.07), 11.91 in males (95% CI: 10.23-13.78) and 7.61 in females (95% CI: 6,25-9.17). The IR in subjects younger than 15 years of age was 15.60 (95% CI: 13.33-18.13), 17.24/100,000 population/year (95% CI: 13.97-21.06) in males and 13, 86 (95% CI: 10.86-17.42) in females. Estimated IR adjusted by age group in children under 15 years of age was 9.58 (95% CI: 6.64-13.39) in those aged 0-4 years, 18.25 in those aged 5-9 years (95% CI: 14.06-23.31), and 18.78 (95% CI: 14.67-23.69) between 10 and 14 years of age. IR remained stable in virtually all age groups and in both sexes, except in girls under 4 years of age, who showed a significant upward trend. There were significant differences in incidence between the central area of Asturias, predominantly urban, and the peripheral areas, mainly devoted to farming and livestock breeding. Thus, while IR in Mieres was 8/100,000/year, in Jarrio reached 25.6/100,000/year. CONCLUSION: In Asturias, incidence of T1DM in children and young adults is similar to that of the surrounding communities, but lower than the average in Spain. It has remained stable in recent years, except in the younger girls (in whom it has increased), and shows a great geographical variability between the center of the region and the periphery.