RESUMEN
Bacterial L-asparaginase (ASNase), hydrolyzing L-asparagine (Asn), is an important drug for treating patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and natural killer (NK) cell lymphoma. Although different native or pegylated ASNase-based chemotherapy are efficient, disease relapse is frequently observed, especially in adult patients. The neo-synthesis of Asn by asparagine synthetase (AsnS) following ASNase treatment, which involves the amino acid response and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways, is believed to be the basis of ASNase-resistance mechanisms. However, AsnS expression has not emerged as an accurate predictive factor for ASNase susceptibility. The aim of this study was to identify possible ASNase sensitivity/resistance-related genes or pathways using a new asparaginase, namely a pegylated r-crisantaspase, with a focus on classic Asn-compensatory responses and cell death under conditions of Asn/L-glutamine limitation. We show that, for B-ALL cell lines, changes in the expression of apoptosis-regulatory genes (especially NFκB-related genes) are associated with ASNase susceptibility. The response of malignant NK cell lines to ASNase may depend on Asn-compensatory mechanisms and other cellular processes such as cleavage of BCL2A1, a prosurvival member of the Bcl-2 protein family. These results suggest that according to cellular context, factors other than AsnS can influence ASNase susceptibility.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Asparaginasa/toxicidad , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/genética , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/metabolismo , Aspartatoamoníaco Ligasa/toxicidad , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Células Asesinas Naturales/citología , Células Asesinas Naturales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Linfoma/metabolismo , Linfoma/patología , Diana Mecanicista del Complejo 1 de la Rapamicina , Proteína Quinasa 1 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Proteína Quinasa 3 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Complejos Multiproteicos/metabolismo , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras B/metabolismo , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras B/patología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , eIF-2 Quinasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Bacterial L-asparaginase (ASNase), hydrolyzing L-asparagine (Asn), is an indispensable component used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and certain lymphoma entities. Native Erwinia chrysanthemi-derived ASNase (n-crisantaspase) has been approved as a second-line drug for treating patients exhibiting allergy syndromes to native and pegylated Escherichia coli-derived ASNase (EC-ASNase). However, it still induces hypersensitivity in at least 17 % of treated patients. In the present study, we investigated the pharmacological activity, immunogenicity and anti-leukemic activity of a new pegylated recombinant crisantaspase (PEG-r-crisantaspase). The results demonstrate that when compared to n-crisantaspase in vivo, PEG-r-crisantaspase maintains a complete depletion of plasma Asn for up to 72 h with a 50-fold lower dose. In mice receiving PEG-r-crisantaspase, specific antibodies against the enzyme were undetectable, indicating a lower immunogenicity of the pegylated enzyme. In vitro, PEG-r-crisantaspase exhibits similar cytotoxic effects (EC50 < 5 × 10(-4) U/mL for the most sensitive cell lines) to n-crisantaspase on various leukemia and lymphoma cells and was shown to be more efficient than EC-ASNase. Three repeated PEG-r-crisantaspase injections (2-20 U/Kg) prevented leukemia development in leukemia-bearing mice for 17 days and significantly prolonged animal survival to 7-12 days. Therefore, PEG-r-crisantaspase appears to be a promising drug candidate for ALL treatment and should be further explored in experimental and clinical trials.
