RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: This research examines the dialectical relationships between the precautionary principle, the logic of prevention and prudential dynamics, based on accounts of the experiences of academics in nearly fifteen countries around the world. AIM OF THE STUDY: The study examines the contradictory relationships generated by the perceptions of risk and urgency between the injunctions to act in accordance with the rules prescribed by the health authorities and the dynamics of self-training allowing the singular and prudent integration of rules for the maintenance of individual and collective life in a pandemic situation. RESULTS: Two levels of results are characterized: concerning the method, the survey system potentially constitutes a monitoring system enabling the production of "flash surveys" giving access to the state of the epidemic situation from local relays in different countries around the world. With regard to the relationship to knowledge, the results also tend to underline the importance of in-depth educational work to develop a "culture of prudential action" in a pandemic situation. CONCLUSION: The narrative survey implemented in the form of a "flash survey" could be duplicated in 2021 and be perpetuated in the form of a "sentinel watch" system, by questioning the concepts and actions at work in the various countries, particularly with a view to developing educational strategies to raise awareness of ecological risks and to develop knowledge of action bringing together the scales of the socialized individual and the world, through the articulation of prevention, education and ethical aims in public health.
Asunto(s)
Pandemias , Salud Pública , Humanos , Conducta Social , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The extensive use of anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) to control rodent populations poses intoxication risks for wildlife: persistence of ARs in rodents can cause secondary exposure and poisoning of predators or scavengers. We investigated risk factors for wildlife exposure to ARs in the Parc National des Pyrénées (PNP), France, using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. A total of 157 liver samples were collected from carcasses of 10 mammal and three bird species found in the PNP between 2010 and 2018 and screened for presence of AR residues. First- and second-generation ARs were detected in more than 60% of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and stone marten (Martes foina) samples and in around 40% of wild cat (Felis silvestris), European pine marten (Martes martes), American mink (Neovison vison), and Eurasian Buzzard (Buteo buteo) samples. Wildlife exposure to ARs was significantly associated with species having a regular consumption of small mammals (odds ratio [OR]: 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-5.8) being collected in the Ossau valley (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1-6.1) and between 2013 and 2015 (OR: 4.8, 95% CI: 2.0-11.7). We identified wild species that could be targeted for risk-based surveillance program for AR secondary exposure and determined high risk areas in which alternative measures should be applied for rodent control.
