RESUMEN
Background: There is limited research on the relationship between Systemic Oxidative Stress (SOS) status and inflammatory indices. Adding onto existing literature, this study aimed to examine the association between dietary Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) and lifestyle OBS (which make up the overall OBS), and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) prevalence at different Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII) and Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) levels. Methods: This study involved 9,451 subjects selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. The OBS comprised 20 dietary and lifestyle factors. Statistical methods included Weighted Linear Regression Analysis (WLRA), Logistic Regression Analysis (LRA), Sensitivity Analysis (SA), and Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) analysis. Results: The multivariate WLRA revealed that OBS was significantly negatively correlated with both SII (ß = -5.36, p < 0.001) and SIRI (ß = -0.013, p < 0.001) levels. In SA, removing any single OBS component had no significant effect on the WLRA results of SII and SIRI. Further subgroup analyses revealed that OBS was more impactful in lowering SII in women than in men. Additionally, OBS was more significantly negatively correlated with SII and SIRI in the low-age group than in the high-age group. Moreover, RCS analysis confirmed this linear relationship. Compared to dietary OBS, lifestyle OBS exerted a more significant effect on Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (OR: 0.794, p = 0.002), hypertension (OR: 0.738, p < 0.001), Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) (OR: 0.736, p = 0.005), Myocardial Infarction (MI) (OR: 0.785, p = 0.002), and stroke (OR: 0.807, p = 0.029) prevalence. Furthermore, SIRI exhibited a significant interaction in the relationship between overall OBS, dietary OBS, and CHF (P for interaction < 0.001). On the other hand, SII had a significant interaction in the relationship between overall OBS, dietary OBS, and MI (P for interaction < 0.05). Conclusion: OBS, including lifestyle and dietary OBS, were significantly negatively associated with SII and SIRI. Higher lifestyle OBS was associated with reduced risks of CAD, hypertension, CHF, MI, and stroke.
RESUMEN
Background: Inflammation serves as a key pathologic mediator in the progression of infections and various diseases, involving significant alterations in the gut microbiome and metabolism. This study aims to probe into the potential causal relationships between gut microbial taxa and human blood metabolites with various serum inflammatory markers (CRP, SAA1, IL-6, TNF-α, WBC, and GlycA) and the risks of seven common infections (gastrointestinal infections, dysentery, pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, bronchopneumonia and lung abscess, pneumococcal pneumonia, and urinary tract infections). Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed using inverse variance weighted (IVW), maximum likelihood, MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO. Results: After adding other MR models and sensitivity analyses, genus Roseburia was simultaneously associated adversely with CRP (Beta IVW = -0.040) and SAA1 (Beta IVW = -0.280), and family Bifidobacteriaceae was negatively associated with both CRP (Beta IVW = -0.034) and pneumonia risk (Beta IVW = -0.391). After correction by FDR, only glutaroyl carnitine remained significantly associated with elevated CRP levels (Beta IVW = 0.112). Additionally, threonine (Beta IVW = 0.200) and 1-heptadecanoylglycerophosphocholine (Beta IVW = -0.246) were found to be significantly associated with WBC levels. Three metabolites showed similar causal effects on different inflammatory markers or infectious phenotypes, stearidonate (18:4n3) was negatively related to SAA1 and urinary tract infections, and 5-oxoproline contributed to elevated IL-6 and SAA1 levels. In addition, 7-methylguanine showed a positive correlation with dysentery and bacterial pneumonia. Conclusion: This study provides novel evidence confirming the causal effects of the gut microbiome and the plasma metabolite profile on inflammation and the risk of infection. These potential molecular alterations may aid in the development of new targets for the intervention and management of disorders associated with inflammation and infections.