KAI1/CD82 gene expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia and late-stage prostate cancer in Chinese.

AIM: To evaluate KAI1/CD82 expression in Chinese patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and late-stage carcinoma of prostate (CaP). METHODS: Thirty Chinese patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 34 with CaP (adenocarcinoma clinical stage C and D) were analyzed by means of immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: The KAI1/CD82 expression in BPH tissue was all positive, which was uniformly located on the glandular cell membrane at the cell-to-cell borders, but KAI1/CD82 expression in metastasis CaP tissues was either significantly lower than that of BPH or negative, and the immunostaining pattern was not continuous. In late-stage CaP KAI1/CD82 expression was correlated inversely to the pathological grade ( P < 0.05), but not to clinical stage ( P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The authors believe that decreased and negative KAI1/CD82 expression in late-stage CaP may be related to tumor progression and metastasis, and appears to be a prognostic marker.

[Comparative observation of morphology and immunohistochemistry in rhabdomyosarcoma and fetal skeletal muscle].

The morphology of 50 rhabdomyosarcomas was compared with that of developing skeletal muscles from 20 fetuses and neonates. Vimentin, desmin, HHF-35 and myoglobin were used in labeling these specimens. We found that the consistent sequence, and intensity of tumor (express) markers related to the degree of morphological differentiation and analogous to the normal sequence in fetal myogenesis. According to the degree of tumor differentiation, we believe that different types of rhabdomyosarcoma comprise cells of variable degree of differentiation and are derived from primitive mesenchymal cells differentiating towards skeletal muscle. Histological typing of rhabdomyosarcoma is proposed to retain the WHO typing protocol while the best also being able to express the degree of differentiation.

[Evaluation of immunochemistry staining in melanocarcinoma diagnosis].

Eleven cases of small cell tumor suspected of melanocarcinoma and another 10 cases of confirmed melanocarcinoma were studied with S-100, HMB-45, NSE and c-k antiserum staining. The main puzzling cells influencing to make a final diagnosis of melanocarcinoma by HE staining were those small cells similar to nevus cells and those round cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Nevertheless, in both of them, there were no pigment obtained. In MF, S-100, HMB-45 and NSE staining, all of the 10 cases diagnosed as typical melanocarcinoma were positive except that one case was negative to S-100 and NSE staining. Among 11 suspicious cases, 8 were negative to MF (3 positive) and 9 cases were positive to S-100 and HMB-45 stains. The 2 negative cases left, anyhow, were positive to C-k staining which was finally confirmed as carcinoma rather than melanoma.

[Histopathological study of intracranial germinoma].

Eighteen cases of intracranial germinoma (16 male and 2 female, age 2.5-30 years, average 16.7) were studied. Morphologically, the pathological changes in 18 cases were similar to those of testis seminoma or ovarian dysgerminoma. Among them, two were accompanied with choriocarcinoma and one with embryonal cancer. No cytoplasmic processes was detected by silver stain, but strongly positive to PAS-stain. All of the 18 cases in this series as well as another 8 cases of testis seminoma and ovarian dysgerminoma used as controls gave a positive reaction in alkaline phosphatase stain. Among the 18 cases of germinoma, except 3 out of 18 were CEA positive, otherwise, all were CEA, beta-HCG, SP1, AFP and GFAP negative. The syncytiotrophoblasts in the choriocarcinoma and embryonal cancer mentioned before were beta-HCG and SP1 positive, and additionally, the embryonal cancer also showed AFP positive. All these results support the hypothesis that both intracranial (extragonadal) and gonadal germinoma have a common cell origin.

[Pathomorphological study of resected hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter hepatic arterial chemo-embolization].

Through 17 days to 5 months (average 2.5 months), transcatheter hepatic arterial chemo-embolization (TACE), 12 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) unremovable by hepatolobectomy were turned to be operable (removable). Extensive necrosis and obvious shrinkage (average range = 3.8cm) of the tumor mass were noticed after TACE. Proliferation and encapsulation of "peri-mass" fibrous tissue were considered to be the pathological base of secondary resection of HCC. About 2/3 cases could not undergo complete necrosis after TACE. Since various amounts of viable residual tumor cells and collateral circulation might still exist subsequently, a proper secondary resection of HCC after TACE is necessary. The time of choice for the secondary resection is about 2-3 months after TACE. Two patients died of liver failure after 13 days and 45 days of TACE respectively. The other 10 patients are still alive, and the longest survival period was 56 months (mean = 17.3 months).

[Immunohistological coexpression of keratin and vimentin in the epithelial neoplastic cells].

Filed formalin-fixed paraffin blocks of 128 cases of epithelial neoplasms were selected for immunohistochemical study of keratin and vimentin expression. The results showed that 35.1% (45/128) of different carcinomas expressed vimentin. The immuno-positivity of vimentin in thyroid carcinomas, ovarian carcinomas, prostatic adenocarcinomas, pulmonary carcinomas and malignant mesotheliomas were 81.8%, 42.8%, 66.7%, 30.5% and 53.4%, respectively. Carcinomas of breast, kidneys, salivary glands, adrenal glands and nasopharyngeal carcinomas also showed various degrees of positive reaction. The results suggest that an immunohistochemical positive vimentin reaction does not exclude histopathological diagnosis of carcinomas. The significance and noticeable aspects of immunohistochemical methods in histopathological diagnosis are also discussed.

[Histopathologic and immunohistochemical study of rhabdomyosarcoma].

Histopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 120 cases of soft tissue malignancy diagnosed as rhabdomyosarcoma is reported. There were 65 males and 55 females including 62 adults (greater than or equal to 15 years) and 58 children (less than 15 years). In the adult group, the tumor was common in the limbs and the trunk, whereas in the children group, the urogenital system and regions in the head and neck. Histologically, they were divided into three types: 1. embryonic type (65 cases), 2. alveolar type (28 cases) and 3. polymorphic type (27 cases). Fifty-two cases of proved rhabdomyosarcoma and 21 cases of misdiagnosed rhabdomyosarcoma were stained immunohistochemically with myoglobin antiserum. Forty seven of those 52 cases were positive to various degrees, whereas all the misdiagnosed cases were negative. It was evident that these doubted cases were misdiagnosed in previous histopathologic interpretation. Our study suggests that the immunohistochemical myoglobin stain be an important method for the differentiation of rhabdomyosarcoma. The cause of histopathologic misdiagnosis and the significance of myoglobin antiserum in the histopathologic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of this tumor are discussed.