RESUMEN
Background This study aimed to evaluate and compare the abrasive and erosive wear resistance of Cention N and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle-enriched Cention N after three years of brushing simulation. Methodology A total of 48 freshly extracted mandibular molars were mounted in acrylic blocks and divided into two groups of 24 molars based on the type of restorative material used to restore them. Cavities of a standardized size were prepared. Group A was restored with Cention N, and group B was restored with 5% TiO2-enriched Cention N. Each group was further divided into three subgroups of eight. Subgroup 1 was the control subgroup. Subgroup 2 was the abrasive subgroup, subjected to the abrasive challenge in a brushing stimulator with 30,000 cycles to 10,000 cycles in the linear X-axis and Y-axis each and another 10,000 cycles divided into 5,000 cycles clockwise and 5,000 cycles anticlockwise. The total number of brushing cycles was equal to three years of brushing with a duration of eight to nine hours. Subgroup 3 was the erosive and abrasive subgroup, subjected to an erosive pH cycle consisting of exposure to CocaCola for five minutes thrice a day for seven days, and then subjected to brushing simulation as above. After the surface treatment, specimens were subjected to the Vickers microhardness test using a diamond indenter and the surface roughness test using an optical profilometer. The resulting values were subjected to statistical analysis. Results There was a significant decrease in mean surface roughness in group B, where TiO2 nanoparticles were added after erosive challenge and brushing simulation, than in group A. There was an increase in mean microhardness in group B which was not significant. Conclusions With the addition of 5% TiO2 to Cention N, there was a significant reduction in surface roughness. The surface microhardness of Cention N containing 5% TiO2 increased non-significantly compared to the control group.
RESUMEN
The most common problem faced by dentists during root canal therapy is instrument separation. Instrument separation leads to the inefficient biomechanical preparation of the canals, which can affect the outcome of the root canal-treated tooth. Hence, bypassing the fractured instrument or removal can be accounted as a viable choice to maintain the structural integrity of the tooth. This article illustrates a case series wherein the fractured instrument was managed successfully with the use of conservative techniques.
RESUMEN
Introduction Root canal morphology tends to be complicated by nature and dealing with this intricacy can be challenging because it makes it difficult to completely disinfect the root canal space. The success of root canal therapy is also determined by the biomechanical preparation of the canal with the application of instruments and irrigating solutions. Due to the fact that the root dentin surface continues to interact with the irrigating solution during preparation, it's critical to evaluate the mechanical characteristics and smear layer removal. Though sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most commonly used irrigant due to its tissue-dissolving abilities, it has certain drawbacks which include the inability to remove the smear layer and also affects the mechanical properties of root dentin. To overcome these limitations, a variety of herbal substitutes like Punica granatum and Emblica officinalis which possess anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties can be used as endodontic irrigants. Several studies on the anti-bacterial properties of natural irrigants of pomegranate and amla were reported. However, the mechanical properties and smear layer removal of Punica granatum and Emblica officinalis have not been explored in the field of endodontics. Aim The main aim of this in vitro study is to compare and evaluate microhardness, smear layer removal efficacy and depth of penetration of herbal and conventional irrigants. Materials and methods Thirty-six palatal roots of maxillary molars were decoronated and instrumented up to F3. These roots were sectioned longitudinally and divided into three test groups: Group 1: 12.5% Punica granatum; Group 2: 6.25% Emblica officinalis; control: Group 3: 2.5% NaOCl. All specimens were irrigated with 5ml of each irrigant for 5 minutes. Microhardness of root dentin was measured using a Vickers diamond intender, smear layer removal using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and depth of penetration using a stereomicroscope. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the inter-group comparison using Tukey's post hoc test. Results Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test using SPSS software version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago ). The highest microhardness was seen in Group 1 (cervical: 53.8375 ± 1.35956, middle: 53.9875 ± 1.01761, apical: 53.6875 ± 1.63133) while Group 2 (cervical: 43.2750 ± 1.73596, middle: 43.3125 ± 1.17648, apical: 43.8000 ± âââââââ1.32665) and Group 3 (cervical: 42.7250 ±âââââââ 2.93391, middle: 41.9625 ±âââââââ 1.66985, apical: 42.0250 ±âââââââ 2.21085) showed significant reduction in root dentin hardness. Regarding smear layer removal Group 1 (1.3750 ±âââââââ 0.51755), and Group 2 (1.2500 ±âââââââ 0.46291) reveals greater smear removal in the middle third of the root dentin compared with Group 3 (2.3750 ±âââââââ 0.51755), which showed the least smear layer removal. A greater depth of penetration was seen in Group 1 (0.5488 ± 0.05222) and Group 2 (0.5263 ±âââââââ 0.05181) than in Group 3 (0.3087 ±âââââââ 0.05743). Conclusion The present study reveals that the least reduction of microhardness was seen in Punica granatum followed by Emblica officinalis and NaOCl. The smear layer removal efficacy and depth of penetration were greater in Punica granatum and Emblica officinalis than in NaOCl. It was concluded that as these herbal irrigants are biocompatible agents, they can be considered for future use in root canal treatment.
RESUMEN
Maxillary teeth are most vulnerable to fracture due to trauma. An effective treatment plan for an anterior teeth fracture not only improves function and appearance but also benefits the patient psychologically. The reattachment of the fragmented tooth is one of the best treatment methods for such condition. It is considered as a better treatment option because it is uncomplicated, aesthetic, and preserves the dental structure. To achieve a positive prognosis, patient cooperation and awareness about the treatment are essential. This article includes three case reports that illustrate the management of complex maxillary anterior teeth fractures wherein the reattachment of the fractured tooth segments was undertaken.
