RESUMEN
This work aimed to investigate, for the first time, the chemical composition, antioxidant, antiparasitic, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activities of the aromatic plant Limonium oleifolium Mill. essential oil (EO) and organic extracts. L.â oleifolium aerial parts essential oil was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS, and 46 constituents representing 98.25±1.12 % of the oil were identified. γ-Muurolene (10.81±0.07 %), cis-caryophyllene (7.71±0.06 %), o-cymene (7.07±0.01 %) and α-copaene (5.02±0.05 %) were the essential oil main compounds. The antioxidant activity of L.â oleifolium EO and organic extracts (MeOH, CHCl3 , AcOEt, BuOH) was explored using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS, ß-carotene/linoleic acid, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing power assays. The results showed that L.â oleifolium EO exhibit antioxidant capacity (IC50 =17.40±1.32â µg/mL for DPPH assay, IC50 =29.82±1.08â µg/mL for ß-carotene assay, IC50 =25.23±1.01â µg/mL for ABTS assay, IC50 =9.11±0.08â µg/mL for CUPRAC assay and IC50 =19.41±2.06â mg/mL for reducing power assay). Additionally, the EO showed significant activity against trophozoite form of Acanthamoeba castellanii (IC50 =7.48±0.41â µg/mL) and promastigote form of Leishmania amazonensis (IC50 =19.36±1.06â µg/mL) and low cytotoxicity on murine macrophages (LC50 â 90.23±1.09â µg/mL), as well as good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These results suggest that L.â oleifolium essential oil is a valuable source of bioactive compounds presenting antioxidant, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial activities. Furthermore, it is considered nontoxic.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antiparasitarios/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plumbaginaceae/química , Acanthamoeba castellanii/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Antiparasitarios/química , Antiparasitarios/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Benzotiazoles/antagonistas & inhibidores , Compuestos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inhibidores , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Leishmania/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Parasitaria , Picratos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Ácidos Sulfónicos/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
The title compound, C21H16N2O3, consists of an indazolone moiety, bearing a phenyl group, fused to a phthalazine ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.018â Å). The phenyl ring is almost normal to the mean plane of the five-membered ring of the indazolone moiety, making a dihedral angle of 89.64â (7)°. The six-membered ring of the indazolone moiety has an envelope conformation, with the central methyl-ene C atom as the flap. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via C-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonds, forming slabs parallel to the bc plane. The slabs are linked via C-Hâ¯π and π-π inter-actions [the shortest inter-centroid distance involving rings of pyrazolo-phthalazine moieties is 3.6430â (8)â Å], forming a three-dimensional structure.