RESUMEN
Preserved executive functioning (EF) is crucial for daily functioning in the elderly and it appears to predict dementia development. We sought to clarify the role of atrophy-corrected cortical grey matter (GM) volume as a potential brain reserve (BR) marker for EF in the elderly. In total, 206 pre-surgical subjects (72.50⯱â¯4.95 years; mean MMSE score 28.50) were investigated. EF was primarily assessed using the Trail Making Test B (TMT B). Global/ lobar GM volumes were acquired with T1 MP-RAGE. Adjusting for key covariates including a brain atrophy index (i.e. brain parenchymal fraction), multiple linear regression analysis was used to study associations of GM volumes and TMT B. All GM volumes - most notably of global GM - were significantly associated with TMT B independently of GM atrophy (ß = -0.201 to -0.275, pâ¯=â¯0.001-0.012). Using atrophy-corrected GM volume as an estimate of maximal GM size in youth may serve as a BR predictor for cognitive decline in future studies investigating BR in the elderly.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Envejecimiento Cognitivo , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagen , Reserva Cognitiva , Función Ejecutiva , Sustancia Gris/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Atrofia , Encéfalo/patología , Disfunción Cognitiva/patología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Sustancia Gris/patología , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos , PronósticoRESUMEN
The application of enzyme thermistor devices for the continuous monitoring of enzymatic processes is described. Different hardware concepts are presented and discussed, practical results are also given. These devices were used to analyze the enantiomeric excess in biotransformation processes and for thermal immunoanalysis. In addition, the biosensors were applied for the monitoring and control of an L-ornithine producing process and for the application in hemodialysis monitoring. A review section discusses the use of thermal biosensors for monitoring biotechnological processes in general.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas Biosensibles , Biotecnología , Técnicas Biosensibles/instrumentación , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , TemperaturaRESUMEN
During the past year, several papers describing the potential of new sensor devices for application in real bioprocesses have been published. Biosensors, optical sensors, and immunosensors are all gaining in importance. At present, the development of correct/adequate interfacing of biosensors to bioprocesses is the major limitation on progress. On the basis of new analytical data, a more precise modeling and control of fermentations can now be performed. Recent research efforts attest to the increasing importance of this area in biotechnology.