Modulation Engineering of Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance of Layered Double Hydroxides Derived Hollow Metal Carbides Integrating Corrosion Protection.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with unique layered structure and atomic composition are limited in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) due to their poor electrical conductivity and lack of dielectric properties. In this study, the EMA performance and anticorrosion of hollow derived LDH composites are improved by temperature control and composition design using ZIF-8 as a sacrifice template. Diverse regulation modes result in different mechanisms for EMA. In the temperature control process, chemical reactions tune the composition of the products and construct a refined structure to optimize the LDHs conductivity loss. Additionally, the different phase interfaces generated by the control components optimize the impedance matching and enhance the interfacial polarization. The results show that the prepared NCZ (Ni3ZnC0.7/Co3ZnC@C) has a minimum reflection loss (RLmin ) of -58.92 dB with a thickness of 2.4 mm and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EABmax ) of 7.36 GHz with a thickness of 2.4 mm. Finally, due to its special structure and composition, the sample exhibits excellent anticorrosion properties. This work offers essential knowledge for designing engineering materials derived from metal organic framework (MOF) with cutting-edge components and nanostructures.

Branch distribution pattern and anticoagulant activity of a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from Phyllophorella kohkutiensis.

Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS) extracted from Phyllophorella kohkutiensis (PkFCS) is composed of d-GalNAc, d-GlcA, l-Fuc and -SO42-. According to the defined structures revealed by NMR spectra of the branches released by mild acid hydrolysis and oligosaccharides generated by ß-eliminative depolymerization, the backbone of PkFCS is CS-E, and the branch types attached to C-3 of d-GlcA include l-Fuc2S4S, l-Fuc3S4S, l-Fuc4S, and the disaccharide α-d-GalNAc-1,2-α-l-Fuc3S4S with the ratio of 43:13:22:22. Notably, novel heptasaccharide and hendecasaccharide were identified that are branched with continuous distribution of the disaccharide. The structural sequences of the oligosaccharides indicate that three unique structural motifs are present in the entire PkFCS polymer, including a motif branched with randomly distributed different sulfated l-Fuc units, a motif containing regular l-Fuc2S4S branches and a motif enriched in α-d-GalNAc-1,2-α-l-Fuc3S4S. This is the first report about the distribution pattern of diverse branches in natural FCS. Natural PkFCS exhibited potent anticoagulant activity on APTT prolonging and anti-iXase activity. Regarding the structurally defined oligosaccharides with sulfated fucosyl side chains, octasaccharide (Pk4b) is the minimum fragment responsible for its anticoagulant activity correlated with anti-iXase. However, further glycosyl modification with a non-sulfated d-GalNAc at the C-2 position of l-Fuc3S4S could significantly decrease the anticoagulant and anti-iXase activity.

Impact mechanisms of aggregation state regulation strategies on the microwave absorption properties of flexible polyaniline.

In the field of electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption, intrinsic conductive polymers with conjugated long-chain structures, such as polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy), have gained widespread use due to their remarkable electrical conductivity and loss ability. However, current research in this area is limited to macroscopic descriptions of the absorption properties of these materials and the contribution of various components to the absorption effect. There has been insufficient exploration of the impact mechanisms of polymer aggregation states on the material's absorption performance and mechanism. To address this, a series of flexible PANI sponge absorbers with different molecular weights and aggregation states were prepared. By carefully controlling the crystallinity and other aggregation characteristics of PANI through the adjustment of its preparation conditions, we were able to influence its electrical conductivity and electromagnetic parameters, thereby achieving control over the material's absorption properties. The resulting PANI sponge absorbers exhibited an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) that covered the entire X-band at a thickness of 3.2 mm. This study comprehensively explores the absorption mechanisms of conductive polymer absorbers, starting from the microstructure of PANI, and providing a more complete theoretical support for the research and promotion of polymer absorbers.

Self-Assembled MoS2 Cladding for Corrosion Resistant and Frequency-Modulated Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Materials from X-Band to Ku-Band.

Reasonable composition design and controllable structure are effective strategies for harmonic electromagnetic wave (EMW) adsorption of multi-component composites. On this basis, the hybrid MoS2 /CoS2 /VN multilayer structure with the triple heterogeneous interface is prepared by simple stirring hydrothermal, which can satisfy the synergistic interaction between different components and obtain excellent EMW absorption performance. Due to the presence of multiple heterogeneous interfaces, MoS2 /CoS2 /VN composites will produce strong interfacial polarization, while the defects in the sample will become the center of polarization, resulting in dipole polarization. Due to the excellent structural design of MoS2 /CoS2 /VN composite material, MoS2 /CoS2 /VN composite material not only has good conductive loss and polarization loss, but also can maintain excellent stability in simulated seawater, and enhance corrosion resistance. The MoS2 /CoS2 /VN composite with dual functions of corrosion resistant and microwave absorption achieves a minimum reflection loss (RL) of -50.48 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of up to 5.76 GHz, covering both the X-band and Ku-band. Finally, this study provides a strong reference for the development of EMW absorption materials based on transition metal nitrides.

A polymer sponge with dual absorption of mechanical and electromagnetic energy.

Polyaniline, a modified conductive polymer, has been widely studied in the field of electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption due to its excellent dielectric and conductive properties. However, it has limited applications due to its hard molding and processing, and poor mechanical stability. In this study, ice crystals with rapid directional growth were used as templates for polymerization to obtain polymer precursors with directional channels, and then ternary polymer sponges with oriented pore channels were designed and synthesized using a secondary template method. The Poisson's ratio of the study material reaches -1.52 and it absorbs 5.1 mJ/cm3 energy in a single compression cycle at 25% longitudinal strain. Also, the material has more than 90% absorption efficiency for X-band EM waves at a thickness of 4 mm. The flexibility of polymer molecular chains and the arrangement of oriented pores are the reasons for the negative Poisson's ratio property of the material, while the key to the loss of EM energy in the absorption process is the conversion of quinone bipolaron to monopolaron structure. Due to its large-scale green preparation with ice crystal as the template, this lightweight and robust material system are ideal for absorbing EM waves under extreme conditions.

Peroxidative depolymerization of fucosylated glycosaminoglycan: Bond-cleavage pattern and activities of oligosaccharides.

Peroxidative depolymerization is often used to elucidate the structure and structure-activity relationship of fucosylated glycosaminoglycan (FG), while the selectivity of bond cleavage and structural characteristics of the resulting fragments remain to be confirmed. Here, the FG from Stichopus variegatus (SvFG) was depolymerized by H2O2, and a series of yielded mono- and oligo-saccharides were purified. Almost all the non-reducing ends of oligosaccharides were d-GalNAc4S6S, suggesting that GlcA-ß1,3-GalNAc4S6S linkage was preferentially cleaved. The model reactions showed the glycosidic bond of uronate was more susceptible than those of N-acetyl hexosamine and fucose, which should be due to bond energy of the anomeric CH. The reducing ends of oligosaccharides include C4-C6 saccharic acid and GalNAc or GalNAcA, which should be derived from the oxidation of the reducing end. A hexasaccharide with tartaric acid exhibited increased anti-iXase activity, suggesting the oxidation of reducing end did not impair the anti-iXase activity of FG-derived oligosaccharides.

Impact of Obesity on Microvascular Obstruction and Area at Risk in Patients After ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Background: Better survival for overweight and obese patients after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been demonstrated. The association between body mass index (BMI), microvascular obstruction (MVO), and area at risk (AAR) after STEMI was evaluated. Methods: A prospective observational study was performed to enrolled patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) for STEMI and cardiac magnetic resonance was performed within 5-7 days. Patients were classified as normal weight (18.5 ≤BMI <24.0 kg/m2), overweight (24.0 ≤BMI <28.0 kg/m2), or obese (BMI ≥28 kg/m2). Results: Among 225 patients undergoing pPCI, 67 (30.00%) were normal weight, 113 (50.22%) were overweight, and 45 (20.00%) were obese. BMI ≥28 kg/m2 was significantly associated with less risk of MVO when compared with a normal BMI after multivariable adjustment (overweight: HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.13-0.68, p = 0.004). Compared with normal weight patients, obese and overweight patients tend to have larger hearts (greater left ventricular end-diastolic volume [LVEDV] and left ventricular [LV] mass). In adjusted analysis, increased BMI was significantly associated with a smaller AAR. In addition, obese patients had a smaller AAR (ß = -0.252, 95% CI -20.298- -3.244, p = 0.007) and AAR, % LV mass (ß = -0.331, 95% CI -0.211- -0.062, p < 0.001) than normal weight patients. Conclusion: Obesity (BMI ≥28 kg/m2) is independently associated with lower risks of MVO and a smaller AAR, % LV mass than normal weight patients among subjects undergoing pPCI for STEMI.

An F-box protein from wheat, TaFBA-2A, negatively regulates JA biosynthesis and confers improved salt tolerance and increased JA responsiveness to transgenic rice plants.

Soil salinity is a serious problem encountered by agriculture worldwide, which will lead to many harmful effects on plant growth, development, and even crop yield. F-box protein is the core subunit of the Skp1-Cullin-F-box (SCF) complex E3 ligase and plays crucial roles in regulating the growth, development, biotic & abiotic stresses, as well as hormone signaling pathway in plants. In this study, an FBA type F-box gene TaFBA-2A was isolated from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This study showed that TaFBA-2A could interact with TaSKP1, and TaOPR2, the crucial enzyme involving in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. TaFBA-2A negatively regulates JA biosynthesis, probably by mediating the degradation of TaOPR2 via the ubiquitin-26S proteasome pathway. Ectopic expression of TaFBA-2A improved the salt tolerance and increased the JA responsiveness of the transgenic rice lines. In addition, some agronomic traits closely related to crop yield were significantly enhanced in the rice lines ectopic expressing TaFBA-2A. The data obtained in this study shed light on the function and mechanisms of TaFBA-2A in JA biosynthesis and the responses to salt stress and JA treatment; this study also suggested that TaFBA-2A has the potential in improving the salt tolerance and crop yield of transgenic rice plants.

Core-shell Ag@C spheres derived from Ag-MOFs with tunable ligand exchanging phase inversion for electromagnetic wave absorption.

It has become greatly significant to achieve structurally tunable electromagnetic wave absorption materials (EMAs) derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) via controllably continuous phase inversion. Herein, a series of core-shell Ag@C EMAs were successfully fabricated from Ag-MOFs via adjustable phase inversion. Replacing terephthalic acid (H2BDC) with 2-methylimidazole (Hmim) continuously led to the gradual transformation of Ag-MOF-5 structure into ZIF-L, which determined the crystal and morphological structure of Ag@C EMAs. In addition, due to the optimization of relaxation loss, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of S2 reached -50.14 dB with a thickness of 3.0 mm. The EMA derived from the original Ag-MOF had the widest absorption bandwidth (fE) of 5.44 GHz and RLmin of -47.36 dB at only 2.2 mm, respectively. This work can shed new light on the core-shell EMAs derived from phase inversion MOFs, and provide guidance to design novel high-performance EMAs.

Electromagnetic absorbers with Schottky contacts derived from interfacial ligand exchanging metal-organic frameworks.

Various types of polycrystals have been regarded as excellent electromagnetic (EM) microwave absorbents, while differentiated heterointerfaces among grains usually manipulate conductive loss and polarization relaxation, especially interfacial polarization. Herein, polar facets that dominated the optimization of EM attenuation were clarified by carefully designing polycrystalline Schottky junctions with metal-semiconductor contacts for the first time. An ingenious ligand exchange technique was utilized to construct Zn-MOF (ZIF-L) precursors for Fe-ZnO polycrystals, in which Fe-containing Fe(CN)63- etching ligand acted as metallic source in Schottky junctions. By adjusting the Schottky contacts in polycrystals, the enhanced grain boundaries mainly induced stronger interfacial polarization and affected the microcurrent lightly. This is because Schottky barriers can cause local charge accumulation on heterointerfaces for polarization relaxation. Additionally, the coexistence of Zn and O vacancies brought a lot of lattice defects and distortions for dipole polarization. Thus, optimal EM wave absorbability was obtained by polycrystals with 8 h ligand exchange and an effective absorption band reaching 4.88 GHz. This work can provide guidance for designing advanced polycrystalline EM absorption materials and also highlight the mechanism and requirement of Schottky junctions dominating polarization.

Recent Advances in Synthesis and Properties of Nitrated-Pyrazoles Based Energetic Compounds.

Nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have attracted wide publicity in the field of energetic materials (EMs) due to their high heat of formation, high density, tailored thermal stability, and detonation performance. Many nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have been developed to meet the increasing demands of high power, low sensitivity, and eco-friendly environment, and they have good applications in explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. Continuous and growing efforts have been committed to promote the rapid development of nitrated-pyrazole-based EMs in the last decade, especially through large amounts of Chinese research. Some of the ultimate aims of nitrated-pyrazole-based materials are to develop potential candidates of castable explosives, explore novel insensitive high energy materials, search for low cost synthesis strategies, high efficiency, and green environmental protection, and further widen the applications of EMs. This review article aims to present the recent processes in the synthesis and physical and explosive performances of the nitrated-pyrazole-based Ems, including monopyrazoles with nitro, bispyrazoles with nitro, nitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazoles, and their derivatives, and to comb the development trend of these compounds. This review intends to prompt fresh concepts for designing prominent high-performance nitropyrazole-based EMs.

The Prediction for the Outbreak of COVID-19 for 15 States in USA by Using Turning Phase Concepts as of April 10, 2020

Based on a new concept called "Turning Period", the goal of this report is to show how we can conduct the prediction for the outlook in the different stages for the battle with outbreak of COVID-19 currently in US, in particular, to identify when each of top 15 states in USA (basically on their populations) is going to enter into the stage that the outbreak of COVID-19 is under the control by the criteria such as daily change of new patients is less than 10% smoothly. Indeed, based on the data of April 10, 2020 with the numerical analysis, we are able to classify 15 states of US into the following four different categories for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases Today and the main conclusion are: First, staring around April 14, 20202, three states which are Washington State, Louisiana and Indiana are entering the stage that the outbreak of COVID-19 is under the control, which means daily change of new patients is less than 10% and the gamma is less than zero in general. Second, staring around April 15, 20202, two states which are New Jersey, and New York are entering the stage that the outbreak of COVID-19 is under the control, which means daily change of new patients is less than 10% and the gamma is less than zero in general. Third, staring around April 16, 20202, seven states which are California, Florida, Georgia (GA), Illinois, Maryland, Indiana, Michigan, and Pennsylvania are entering the stage that the outbreak of COVID-19 is under the control, which means daily change of new patients is less than 10% and the gamma is less than zero in general. Fourth, staring around April 17, 20202, three states which are Texas, Massachusetts, and Connecticut are entering the stage that the outbreak of COVID-19 is under the control, which means daily change of new patients is less than 10% and the gamma is less than zero in general. Finally, we want to reinforce that emergency risk management is always associated with the implementation of an emergency plan. The identification of the Turning Time Period is key to emergency planning as it provides a timeline for effective actions and solutions to combat a pandemic by reducing as much unexpected risk as soon as possible.

The Framework for the Prediction of the Critical Turning Period for Outbreak of COVID-19 Spread in China based on the iSEIR Model

The goal of this study is to establish a general framework for predicting the so-called critical "Turning Period" in an infectious disease epidemic such as the COVID-19 outbreak in China early this year. This framework enabled a timely prediction of the turning period when applied to Wuhan COVID-19 epidemic and informed the relevant authority for taking appropriate and timely actions to control the epidemic. It is expected to provide insightful information on turning period for the worlds current battle against the COVID-19 pandemic. The underlying mathematical model in our framework is the individual Susceptible-Exposed-Infective-Removed (iSEIR) model, which is a set of differential equations extending the classic SEIR model. We used the observed daily cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan from February 6 to 10, 2020 as the input to the iSEIR model and were able to generate the trajectory of COVID-19 cases dynamics for the following days at midnight of February 10 based on the updated model, from which we predicted that the turning period of CIVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan would arrive within one week after February 14. This prediction turned to be timely and accurate, providing adequate time for the government, hospitals, essential industry sectors and services to meet peak demands and to prepare aftermath planning. Our study also supports the observed effectiveness on flatting the epidemic curve by decisively imposing the "Lockdown and Isolation Control Program" in Wuhan since January 23, 2020. The Wuhan experience provides an exemplary lesson for the whole world to learn in combating COVID-19.

Synthesis of Single-Component Metal Oxides with Controllable Multi-Shelled Structure and their Morphology-Related Applications.

Multi-shelled hollow spheres metal oxides, namely materials with more than three shells, have attracted increasing attention due to their unique structure. The preparation methods of typical metal oxides including NiO, Co3 O4 and ZnO etc. have been summarized in this review. Simultaneously, the parameters that influence the ultimate morphologies, shell number as well as the compositions have also been discussed. The potential application fields in energy conversion and storage, electromagnetic wave absorption, photocatalysis that related to the unique structure are also highlighted. Finally, the future researches of multi-shelled hollow spheres metal oxides are further discussed.

Prevalence of modifiable risk factors and relation to stroke and death in patients with atrial fibrillation: A report from the China atrial fibrillation registry study.

BACKGROUND: Lifestyle and risk factor management may improve outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We aim to evaluate the prevalence of modifiable risk factors and how these factors impact clinical outcomes in patients with AF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data on 17 898 AF cohort patients with AF enrolled between 2011 and 2016 was analyzed. A healthy lifestyle was defined as not smoking, not drinking, a healthy body mass index (BMI), untreated total cholesterol less than 200 mg/dL, untreated blood pressure (BP) less than 120/80 mm Hg, and untreated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) less than 100 mg/dL. The association between risk factors and risk of the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality and nonfatal ischemic stroke were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression model. Only 4.0% of patients achieved a healthy lifestyle. In multivariate analysis, current smoking, a low BMI, not well-controlled FPG were independently and significantly associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality and nonfatal ischemic stroke, with corresponding hazard ratio (HR) estimates 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.47), HR = 1.72 (95% CI, 1.34-2.20), and HR = 1.25 (95% CI, 1.06-1.46), respectively. High BP was also associated with higher risk with the outcomes (HR = 1.15, 95% CI, 1.00-1.34). Compared with patients with no risk factor, those who failed to maintained or achieved optimal risk factor control had a progressively higher risk of death and nonfatal ischemic stroke (HR for 1 risk factor = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.07-1.92; and more than 2 risk factors = 1.75; 95% CI, 0.99-3.09). CONCLUSIONS: Maintenance of well-controlled risk factors may substantially lower the risk of death and ischemic stroke in patients with AF.

Facile synthesis of hierarchical chrysanthemum-like copper cobaltate-copper oxide composites for enhanced microwave absorption performance.

Hierarchical chrysanthemum-like CuCo2O4-CuO composites were successfully synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method after calcination at 500 °C. Based on the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), we found that not only the morphology (from 2 dimensional to 3 dimensional) but also the crystalline structure (Cu0 + Cu2O + CoOx → CuO + CuCo2O4) of the samples could be tuned by the calcination temperature. The existed interfaces of CuCo2O4-CuCo2O4, CuCo2O4-CuO, and CuO-CuO played a key role on the attenuation of electromagnetic waves. The effective absorption frequency bandwidth is up to 4.02 GHz with a matched thickness of 2.8 mm. The CuCo2O4-CuO/paraffin composites can even exhibit bigger effective frequency bandwidth (from 4.02 to 4.65 GHz) if we turn the incident angle of electromagnetic (EM) wave to a proper value (i.e., 45°). We believe that the hierarchical chrysanthemum-like CuCo2O4-CuO composites can be a good candidate for the high-performance Co-based spinel microwave absorbers.

Female Sex as a Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke and Systemic Embolism in Chinese Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report From the China-AF Study.

Background Previous studies have provided conflicting results as to whether women are at higher risk than men for thromboembolism in the setting of atrial fibrillation ( AF ). We investigated whether women with AF were at higher risk of ischemic stroke in the China-AF (China Atrial Fibrillation Registry) Study. Methods and Results A total of 19 515 patients were prospectively enrolled between August 2011 and December 2016 in the China- AF Study. After exclusion of patients receiving anticoagulation or ablation therapy, 6239 patients (2574 women) with results from at least 6 months of follow-up were used for the analysis. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to evaluate whether female sex was an independent risk factor for thromboembolism after multivariate adjustment. The primary outcome was the time to the first occurrence of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism. After a mean follow-up of 2.81±1.46 years, 152 female patients reached the primary outcome, as compared with 172 male patients. Crude incidence rates of thromboembolism between women and men were of borderline statistical significance (2.08 versus 1.68 per 100 patient-years, P=0.058). After multivariable analysis, female sex was not independently associated with an increased thromboembolism risk (hazard ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 0.86-1.39). There was no significant difference in thromboembolism risk by sex stratified by age and presence or absence of risk factors ( P for interaction all >0.1). Conclusions Although crude incidence rates of thromboembolism were higher in Chinese female patients with AF compared with male patients, female sex did not emerge as an independent risk factor for thromboembolism on multivariate analysis. Clinical Trial Registration URL : http://www.chictr.org.cn/ . Unique identifier: Chi CTR - OCH -13003729.

Patient-Reported Treatment Satisfaction with Dabigatran versus Warfarin in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation in China.

BACKGROUND: Anti-coagulant therapy satisfaction for patients with atrial fibrillation is a critical issue, which impacts on their treatment adherence and clinical outcomes. The disadvantages of long-term warfarin treatment are well-described, and novel oral anti-coagulants have become an alternative option. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared patient-reported treatment satisfaction with dabigatran versus warfarin in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients in China. Treatment satisfaction was assessed using the Anti-Clot Treatment Scale (ACTS) questionnaire, which included a 12-item ACTS Burdens scale and a 3-item ACTS Benefits scale. RESULTS: Among 834 patients, 246 patients (29.5%) were taking dabigatran and the others were on warfarin. Propensity score matching was employed to identify 182 patient pairs with balanced baseline characteristics. The global ACTS Burdens score and the global ACTS Benefits score were comparable between the dabigatran and warfarin groups (44.86 ± 3.95 vs. 44.28 ± 3.51, p = 0.423; 11.49 ± 2.92 vs. 11.42 ± 3.03, p = 0.194, respectively). The monthly cost of dabigatran was significantly higher compared with that of warfarin due to a lack of insurance coverage (USD 176.78 ± 9.15 vs. USD 2.49 ± 0.76, p = 0.000). The discontinuation rate of dabigatran was significantly higher than warfarin at the 6-month follow-up (33.5% vs. 19.2%, p = 0.003). Adjusted logistic regression showed that dabigatran was associated with a significant greater odds of non-persistence (odds ratio: 2.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.27-3.59, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Dabigatran therapy in patients with NVAF in China associated with no improvement in satisfaction and a higher discontinuation rate compared with warfarin therapy largely due to increased economic burden.

Polyoxometalate-Based Metal-Organic Framework on Carbon Cloth with a Hot-Pressing Method for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Recently, development of a new type of anode material for lithium-ion batteries that possesses multielectron reaction, sufficient charge transfer, and restricted volume suppression has been considered a huge challenge. Herein, we find a simple hot-pressing method to incorporate polyoxometalate (POM)-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) onto three-dimensionally structured carbon cloth (CC), denoted as HP-NENU-5/CC, which immobilizes POMs into the MOFs avoiding the leaching of POMs and employs HP-NENU-5/CC as a flexible, conductive, and porous anode material. The HP-NENU-5/CC anode materials show outstanding electrochemical performance, exhibiting high reversible capacity (1723 mAh g-1 at 200 mA g-1), high rate capability (1072 mAh g-1 at 1000 mA g-1), and superior cycling stability (1072 mAh g-1 at 1000 mA g-1 after 400 cycles). Most importantly, the performance of HP-NENU-5/CC is the best among those of all reported POMs and MOF-based materials. In addition, we perform a comparative study for active materials coated on a two-dimensional current collector and CC, and our experimental results and analysis prove that the active material coated on CC does enhance the electrochemical performance.

Nrf2 protects human lens epithelial cells against H2O2-induced oxidative and ER stress: The ATF4 may be involved.

Our previous study has shown heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protects human lens epithelial cells (LECs) against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Nrf2, the major regulator of HO-1, is triggered during the mutual induction of oxidative stress and ER stress. In response to ER stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) serves as a program of transcriptional and translational regulation mechanism with PERK involved. Both Nrf2 and ATF4 are activated as the downstream effect of PERK signaling coordinating the convergence of dual stresses. However, the ways in which Nrf2 interacting with ATF4 regulates deteriorated redox state have not yet been fully explored. Here, the transfected LECs with Nrf2 overexpression illustrated enhanced resistance in morphology and viability upon H2O2 treatment condition. Intracellular ROS accumulation arouses ER stress, initiating PERK dependent UPR and inducing the downstream signal Nrf2 and ATF4 auto-phosphorylation. Further, converging at target promoters, ATF4 facilitates Nrf2 with the expression of ARE-dependent phase II antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. According to either Nrf2 or ATF4 gene modification, our data suggests a novel interaction between Nrf2 and ATF4 under oxidative and ER stress, thus drives specific enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions of antioxidant mechanisms maintaining redox homeostasis. Therapies that restoring Nrf2 or ATF4 expression might help to postpone LECs aging and age-related cataract formation.