Polarization-Sensitive Self-Powered Schottky Photodetector with High Photovoltaic Performance Induced by Geometry-Asymmetric Contacts.

Polarization-sensitive photodetectors have attracted considerable attention owing to their potential application prospects in navigation, optical switching, and communication. However, it remains challenging to develop a facile and effective strategy to simultaneously meet the demands of low power consumption, high performance, and excellent polarization sensitivity. Herein, a series of low-symmetry two-dimensional (2D) ReSe2 Schottky photodetectors with geometry-asymmetric contacts are constructed. These devices exhibit excellent photoelectrical performance and impressive polarization sensitivity in the self-powered mode owing to the difference in the Schottky barrier height induced by the asymmetric contact areas, interfacial states, and thickness difference. Particularly, an outstanding responsivity of 379 mA/W, a decent specific detectivity of 6.8 × 1011 Jones, and a high light on/off ratio (Ilight/Idark) of over 105 under 635 nm light illumination are achieved. Scanning photocurrent mapping (SPCM) measurements further confirm that the ReSe2/drain overlapped region (corresponding to the smaller contact area side) with a higher Schottky barrier height plays a dominant role in the generation of photocurrent. Furthermore, the proposed device displays impressive polarization ratios (PRs) of 3.1 and 3.6 at zero bias under 635 and 808 nm irradiation, respectively. The high-resolution single-pixel imaging capability is also demonstrated. This work reveals the great potential of the ReSe2 Schottky photodetector with geometry-asymmetric contacts for high-performance, self-powered, and polarization-sensitive photodetection.

Is radiofrequency ablation effective in treating patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background and aims: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the short-term and long-term efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and explore the role of diagnostic genicular nerve blocks in predicting treatment outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted, and nine randomized controlled trials involving 714 participants were included in the analysis. Data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and subgroup analyses were performed. The primary outcome measures were pain scores at 6 and 12 months, assessed using visual analogue scale and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Results: The meta-analysis revealed that RFA demonstrated a significant short-term efficacy in reducing pain compared to the control group at 6 months, as indicated by the pain scores [weighted mean difference (WMD): -2.69, 95% CI: -3.99, -1.40]. Similarly, WOMAC scores at 6 months favored the RFA group (WMD: -4.40, 95% CI: -7.12, -1.68). However, the long-term efficacy of RFA at 12 months remained uncertain for both pain scores (WMD: -0.88, 95% CI: -2.36, 0.61) and WOMAC (WMD: 0.03, 95% CI: -0.25, 0.32). Subgroup analysis suggested that a positive result from the diagnostic genicular nerve blocks test was associated with a more favourable short-term outcome. Conclusion: This meta-analysis provides moderate-quality evidence supporting the short-term efficacy of RFA in reducing pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The inclusion of a diagnostic genicular nerve blocks test prior to RFA may help identify patients likely to benefit from the procedure. But it still needs more large sample studies to verify the results. However, further research is needed to determine the long-term efficacy of RFA in managing knee osteoarthritis pain.

Impact of Prevention Strategies on Quality of Life in Patients with Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of prevention strategies on the quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) through a comprehensive analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in multiple electronic databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov, up to June 10th, 2023. Eligible studies were RCTs assessing the effectiveness of prevention strategies in adult patients diagnosed with OA, with validated instruments used to measure quality of life outcomes. A total of 10 RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The analyzed prevention strategies encompassed enhanced exercise, education, or a combination of both. The quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. RESULTS: The pooled results revealed a significant improvement in the quality of life of OA patients who underwent enhanced exercise or education compared to control groups (standardized mean difference = 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.08-0.8). However, the overall quality of evidence was graded as low according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis provides evidence that prevention strategies, particularly enhanced exercise or education, have a positive impact on the quality of life in patients with OA. Despite the observed benefits, the overall quality of evidence is limited, highlighting the need for larger, well-designed trials to strengthen the evidence base. These findings underscore the importance of implementing effective prevention strategies in the management of OA to improve patient outcomes and enhance their quality of life. Further research is warranted to optimize the selection and implementation of prevention strategies for OA patients.

Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among children and adolescents against SARS-CoV-2 variants: a meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among children and adolescents against SARS-CoV-2 variants. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published on or before June 20, 2023. Studies evaluating the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents (≤ 18 years of age) were included. Data extraction, quality assessment, and analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Ten studies were included, comprising five cohort studies (527,778 participants) and four case-control studies (1,477,422 participants). The overall vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 variants was 68% (95% CI = 60-74%). In terms of age, the VE was higher in adolescents aged 12-18 years [69%(95% CI = 61-75%)] than in children aged 5-11 years [44%(95% CI = 1-68%)]. "Fully vaccinated" may offer greater protection than "partially vaccinated," with a VE of 71% (95%CI = 59-79%) and 66% (95%CI = 51-76%), respectively.    Conclusion: This meta-analysis presents moderate-quality evidence that the COVID-19 vaccine is effective in safeguarding children and adolescents from the SARS-CoV-2 variant. Being fully vaccinated may offer greater protection than being partially vaccinated. Nevertheless, additional high-quality controlled trials are required to verify this finding. What is Known: • The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid development and deployment of vaccines worldwide. Children and adolescents are a unique population for vaccination, and the effectiveness of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants in this age group is of concern. What is New: • The COVID-19 vaccine is effective in protecting children and adolescents against the SARS-CoV-2 variant. Being fully vaccinated may offer greater protection than being partially vaccinated.

Effect of intra-knee injection of autologous adipose stem cells or mesenchymal vascular components on short-term outcomes in patients with knee osteoarthritis: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: Assess the efficacy of single and multiple intra-articular injections of autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF) for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: We conducted a thorough and systematic search of several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov, to identify relevant studies. The included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involved single or multiple intra-articular injections of autologous ASCs or ADSVF for the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis, without any additional treatment, and compared to either placebo or hyaluronic acid. RESULTS: A total of seven RCTs were analyzed in this study. The results of the meta-analysis show that compared to the control group, both single and multiple intra-articular injections of ASCs or ADSVF demonstrated superior pain relief in the short term (Z = 3.10; P < 0.0001 and Z = 4.66; P < 0.00001) and significantly improved function (Z = 2.61; P < 0.009 and Z = 2.80; P = 0.005). Furthermore, MRI assessment showed a significant improvement in cartilage condition compared to the control group. (Z = 8.14; P < 0.000001 and Z = 5.58; P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, in osteoarthritis of the knee, single or multiple intra-articular injections of autologous ASCs or ADSVF have shown significant pain improvement and safety in the short term in the absence of adjuvant therapy. Significant improvements in cartilage status were also shown. A larger sample size of randomized controlled trials is needed for direct comparison of the difference in effect between single and multiple injections.

A Review of the Main Classifications of Lumbar Spondylolisthesis.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to review the main classifications and to present author's recommendations. METHODS: Review of English language medical literature. RESULTS: In recent decades, classification systems of lumbar spondylolisthesis have been proposed based on many factors, from essential causes to combinations of imaging features and clinical manifestations; the latter type of system is more clinically practical. We have systematically listed the main types of classification systems in chronological order to make it easier for clinicians to find the type of diagnosis and treatment suitable for their patients and develop an appropriate treatment plan. CONCLUSIONS: Classification systems for lumbar spondylolisthesis have been proposed that have been based on the study of the essential causes or the combination of imaging features and clinical manifestations; the latter type of system is more clinically practical. We still have much work to do in exploring a more applicable classification of lumbar spondylolisthesis.

Increased Neck Tilt/T1 slope ratio may play an important role in patients with cervical kyphosis.

BACKGROUND: In previous studies, we demonstrated that the T1 slope (T1s) is associated with clinical outcomes, but the results were not specific for individuals. A recent study suggested that an increased pelvic tilt (PT)/sacral slope (SS) ratio may play an important role in the degeneration of lumbar scoliosis and pathogenesis of lumbar spondylolisthesis. Therefore, we aimed to explore the role of neck tilt (NT)/T1s in patients with cervical kyphosis. METHODS: In total, the data of 36 kyphosis patients who underwent anterior cervical hybrid decompression and fusion (ACHDF) for multilevel (3 levels) cervical spondylotic myelopathy were retrospectively analyzed. The radiographic measurements included the T1s, NT, C2-7 Cobb angle, and C2-7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA). The visual analog scale (VAS) and neck disability index (NDI) scores were used to determine the clinical prognosis. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the relationships among preoperative imaging examination parameters. RESULTS: The mean C2-7 Cobb angle was - 5.93 ± 3.00° before surgery, 9.67 ± 6.61° after surgery, and 7.91 ± 8.73° at the follow-up. The preoperative NT/T1s ratio was positively correlated with the ΔC2-7 Cobb angle (r = 0.358, p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with the preoperative C2-7 Cobb angle (r = -0.515, p < 0.01) and preoperative C2-7 SVA (r = -0.461, p < 0.01). The linear regression model indicated a positive correlation between the preoperative NT/T1s ratio and the ΔC2-7 Cobb angle (R2 = 0.122). CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative NT/T1s ratio may be positively correlated with changes in postoperative cervical spine curvature (Cobb angle). The NT/T1s ratio may be worthy of increased attention among sagittal parameters.

Diagnostic Fleischner's sign in atrial septal defect.

Fleischner sign is very rare in patients with ASD unless the defect remains undiagnosed till the elderly. For adulthood people with Fleischner sign, we should think about the possibility of congenital heart disease.

Analysis of a radiographic parameter K-line tilt following adjacent two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: T1s, C2-7 lordosis, and C2-7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) are the three most important sagittal parameters in the cervical spine. This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between classical sagittal alignment parameters and a new parameter, K-line tilt, and to study the impact of K-line tilt. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 72 patients who underwent adjacent two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) were retrospectively analyzed. Radiographic measurements included T1 slope (T1s), C2-7 lordosis, segment angle (SA), C2-7 SVA, and K-line tilt. The Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores were used to evaluate the clinical prognosis. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between radiographic measures. Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between follow-up K-line tilt and NDI. RESULTS: ΔNDI was positively correlated with ΔT1s (r = 0.620, p < 0.05), ΔC2-7 SVA (r = 0.645, p < 0.05), and ΔK-line tilt (r = 0.702, p < 0.01); ΔK-line tilt was positively correlated with ΔT1s (r = 0.650, p < 0.05), ΔSA (r = 0.269, p < 0.05), and ΔC2-7 SVA (r = 0.293, p < 0.05); ΔT1s was positively correlated with ΔC2-7 lordosis (r = 0.428, p < 0.05), ΔSA (r = 0.631, p < 0.01), and ΔC2-7 SVA (r = 0.235, p < 0.05); ΔC2-7 lordosis was positively correlated with ΔSA (r = 0.666, p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with ΔC2-7 SVA (r = - 0.467, p < 0.01). The preoperative and postoperative K-line tilt values were statistically significant (p < 0.01), increasing from (7.50 ± 6.48)° to (9.95 ± 5.09)°. Preoperative NDI was positively correlated with preoperative C2-7 SVA (r = 0.639, p = 0.011) and K-line tilt (r = 0.516, p = 0.026); follow-up NDI was positively correlated with follow-up T1s (r = 0.664, p = 0.038), C2-7 SVA (r = 0.756, p = 0.004), and K-line tilt (r = 0.832, p = 0.006). The linear regression model showed that when the follow-up K-lint tilt was > 23.75°, NDI scores were > 25 (R2 = 0.737, p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the K-line tilt was strongly correlated with the C2-C7 SVA, indicating that the K-line tilt can be used as another cervical parameter to evaluate cervical alignment in adjacent two-level ACDF. K-line tilt is an important parameter similar to the classical parameter C2-C7 SVA. In particular, a K-line tilt greater than 23.75 corresponded to a worse clinical prognosis, which was defined as an NDI score greater than 25.

Intraoperative injection of absorbable gelatin sponge (AGS) mixed with cement followed by spinal decompression to treat elderly with vertebral hemangiomas.

BACKGROUND: Elderly patients with vertebral hemangiomas are rare and might require surgery. Thus, the choice of surgery for these lesions remains controversial because of the rarity of these lesions. This study aimed to analyze the clinical efficacy of the intraoperative injection of absorbable gelatin sponge mixed with cement followed by spinal decompression to treat the elderly with typical vertebral hemangiomas. The risk factors for hemangioma recurrence were investigated through a literature review. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 13 patients with typical aggressive hemangiomas between January 2009 and January 2016. Of these patients, 7 were treated with spinal decompression combined with intraoperative vertebroplasty (Group A), and 6 patients were treated with decompression with intraoperative vertebroplasty and absorbable gelatin sponge (Group B). The general data and perioperative data of the patients were compared. Patients were followed up for at least 3 years, and postoperative complications and recurrence rates were recorded and compared. RESULTS: All patients had typical aggressive hemangiomas. The average age of all patients was 64.4 ± 3.3 years. The preoperative data did not differ significantly between the two groups (P > 0.05). The blood loss of groups A and B was 707.1 ± 109.7 ml and 416.7 ± 103.3 ml, respectively (P = 0.003) (P = 0.003), and the average surgery durations were 222 ± 47.8 min and 162 ± 30.2 min, respectively (P = 0.022). The average follow-up duration was 62 ± 19 months, and no cases of recurrence were found at the final follow-up assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Multimodal treatment significantly alleviated the clinical symptoms of elderly patients with typical aggressive vertebral hemangiomas. Intraoperative absorbable gelatin sponge injection is a safe and effective way to reduce blood loss and surgery duration.

Treatment of Typical Enneking Stage 3 Thoracic Aggressive Vertebral Hemangiomas with Pain and Neurologic Deficits: Results After at Least 36 Months of Follow-Up.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency of a comprehensive treatment strategy for patients with Enneking stage 3 thoracic aggressive vertebral hemangioma (AVH). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of radiographic and clinical outcomes was performed for 17 patients who received treatment for Enneking stage 3 thoracic AVH accompanied by pain and neurologic deficits between January 2010 and February 2015. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to clinically evaluate the level of pain. Neurologic examinations were performed to assess the patients' sensory symptoms, motor deficits, and Frankel grade. RESULTS: The average operative time was 181.8 ± 37.1 minutes, and the average intraoperative blood loss was 1226.5 ± 151.2 mL (range, 900-1450 mL). All patients underwent preoperative embolization to minimize intraoperative blood loss. All patients experienced immediate pain relief and resolution of their neurologic symptoms. All 17 patients achieved Frankel grade D at the final follow-up; moreover, they reported that their pain was relieved (mean VAS score, 2.82 ± 0.81; P < 0.05) and their neurologic deficits had resolved. No surgery-related complications were noted. No patients exhibited signs of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend a comprehensive treatment strategy for patients with Enneking stage 3 thoracic AVH that includes preoperative embolization, vertebroplasty, posterior decompression, and internal fixation. We recommend that absorbable gelatin sponge particles be used for intraoperative embolization prior to the injection of bone cement, which may significantly reduce intraoperative bleeding, operative time, and occurrence of surgery-related complications.

Does Preoperative T1 Slope and Cervical Lordosis Mismatching Affect Surgical Outcomes After Laminoplasty in Patients with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy?

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether preoperative T1 slope and cervical lordosis mismatching affect the surgical outcomes of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) after laminoplasty. METHODS: A total of 85 patients with CSM who underwent unilateral open-door laminoplasty between January 2013 and May 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Based on preoperative T1 slope and C2-C7 lordosis matching, the patients were divided into 2 groups: the match group and the mismatch group. The T1 slope minus C2-C7 lordosis (T1S-CL) <20° was defined as matching. Radiographic parameters included T1 slope, C2-C7 lordosis, C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and T1S-CL. Clinical outcomes were based on the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores. RESULTS: The preoperative T1S-CL had significant correlation with T1 slope (r = 0.283), C2-C7 lordosis (r = -0.611), and C2-C7 SVA (r = 0.331). At the final follow-up, patients in the mismatch group had a higher incidence of postoperative cervical kyphosis (P = 0.007) and C2-C7 SVA >40 mm (P = 0.043). The mismatch group also had greater △C2-C7 lordosis (P = 0.028), △C2-C7 SVA (P = 0.042), and △T1S-CL (P = 0.044). Comparison of clinical outcomes revealed that patients in the match group had better NDI and JOA recovery (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: T1S-CL is a clinically relevant parameter for surgical decision making because patients with T1S-CL mismatching are more likely to have postoperative kyphotic alignment changes and cervical sagittal imbalance. Laminoplasty might not be a suitable option for patients with T1S-CL mismatching.

395 nm GaN-based near-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes on Si substrates with a high wall-plug efficiency of 52.0%@350 mA.

The high-performance 395 nm GaN-based near-ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) on Si substrates have been obtained by designing an AlN buffer layer to decrease the dislocations density of the GaN layer. By adopting a multi-layer structure with a high- and low-V/III ratio alternation, a high-quality AlN buffer layer has been obtained with a small full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) for AlN(0002) X-ray rocking curve (XRC) of 648 arcsec and a small root-mean-square roughness of 0.11 nm. By applying the optimized AlN buffer layer, the high-quality GaN layer with GaN(0002) and GaN(10-12) XRC FWHM of 260 and 270 arcsec have been obtained, and the high-performance GaN-based near-UV LED wafers and chips have been fabricated accordingly. The as-fabricated near-UV LED chips exhibit a light output power of 550 mW with a forward voltage of 3.02 V at 350 mA, corresponding to a wall-plug efficiency of 52.0%. These chips with outstanding performance are of paramount importance in the application of curing, sterilization, efficient white lighting, etc.

Analysis of sagittal alignment parameters following anterior cervical hybrid decompression and fusion of multilevel cervical Spondylotic myelopathy.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the relationships between sagittal parameters and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores following anterior cervical hybrid decompression and fusion (ACHDF) of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and to study the impact of the T1 slope (T1 s). METHODS: In total, 42 patients with complete radiographic measurements following ACHDF in the Spine Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from August 2014 to January 2017 were retrospectively analysed. Radiographic measurements included C2-7 lordosis, T1 s, C2-7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), cervical tilting and cranial tilting. The neck disability index (NDI) was used to evaluate the HRQOL. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated between pairs of cervical sagittal parameters and NDI scores. RESULTS: Preoperative NDI scores were correlated with preoperative T1 s (r = 0.413); follow-up NDI scores were correlated with follow-up T1 s (r = 0.534). The regression analysis indicated that a preoperative T1 s value of 42.36° corresponded to a preoperative NDI score of 25 (r2 = 0.171, P < 0.001). A follow-up T1 s value of 48.61° corresponded to a follow-up NDI score of 25 (r2 = 0.421, P < 0.01). The differences in C2-7 SVA and cranial tilting before and after the operation were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the sagittal balance of the cervical vertebrae changed significantly after ACHDF, showing a forward trend. The sagittal parameters after ACHDF were related to clinical prognosis. An excessive T1 s can be considered a risk factor. The T1 s could provide a reference value to determine the correction of the sagittal balance of the cervical spine.

Relationship Between T1 Slope Minus C2-7 Lordosis and Cervical Alignment Parameters After Adjacent 2-Level Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion of Lower Cervical Spine.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships between sagittal alignment parameters and Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores after adjacent 2-level anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF) and to study the impact of the T1 slope (T1s) minus C2-7 lordosis (T1s-CL). METHODS: In total, 76 patients after adjacent 2-level ACDF were retrospectively analyzed. Radiographic measurements included T1s, C2-7 lordosis, T1s-CL, segment angle (SA), and C2-7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA). NDI scores were used to evaluate clinical prognosis. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated between radiographic measures. Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the relationships between follow-up cervical sagittal parameters and NDI. RESULTS: ΔT1s was positively correlated with ΔC2-7 lordosis (r = 0.466, P < 0.001), ΔT1s-CL (r = 0.337, P = 0.003), ΔC2-7 SVA (r = 0.238, P < 0.05), and ΔSA (r = 0.654, P < 0.001). ΔC2-7 lordosis was positively correlated with ΔSA (r = 0.692, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with ΔT1s-CL (r = -0.676, P < 0.001) and ΔC2-7 SVA (r = -0.418, P < 0.001). ΔT1s-CL was positively correlated with ΔC2-7 SVA (r = 0.644, P < 0.001). The pre- and postoperative SAs were significantly different (P < 0.05), increasing from 3.71° ± 8.92° to 9.63 ± 4.20°. Preoperative NDI was positively correlated with preoperative C2-7 SVA (r = 0.325, P = 0.004) and T1s-CL (r = 0.498, P < 0.001). Follow-up NDI was positively correlated with follow-up T1s (r = 0.359, P = 0.001), C2-7 SVA (r = 0.613, P < 0.001), and T1s-CL (r = 0.696, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with C2-7 lordosis (r = -0.491, P < 0.001). The linear regression model showed that when preoperative T1s-CL was greater than 21.43°, the NDI score was greater than 25 (R2 = 0.248, P < 0.001), and when follow-up T1s-CL was greater than 28.07°, the NDI score was greater than 25 (R2 = 0.484, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in cervical sagittal parameters after 2-level ACDF were associated with quality of life. A greater T1S-CL mismatch was related to a greater degree of cervical malalignment. T1s-CL may be a more important predictor of cervical malalignment than C2-7 SVA. Specifically, a mismatch greater than 28.07 corresponded to positive cervical sagittal malalignment, defined as an NDI score greater than 25.

Outcome and Safety of Radical Resection in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients via Glasses-Free 3-Dimensional Video-Assisted Thoracoscope Versus 2-Dimensional Video-Assisted Thoracoscope.

OBJECTIVES: The investigation was aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of glasses-free 3-dimensional (3D) video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) versus 2D VATS for radical resection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: We reviewed the clinical data of patients with pathologically proven NSCLC who underwent glasses-free 3D (the 3D group) and 2D VATS radical lobectomy (the 2D group) with systematic lymph node dissection. The outcomes of this study included operative characteristics and safety of 2D and 3D VATS, and duration of lymphadenectomy of right stations 2 and 4. RESULTS: A total of 190 patients were eligible for the study. The 2D group consisted of 108 patients while the 3D group included 82 patients. The 2 groups were comparable in demographic and baseline variables ( P > .05). The median number of resected lymph nodes was 19 in both groups ( P = .583). The median length of hospital stay was comparable between the 2 groups (2D, 7 days vs 3D, 8 days; P = .167). No operative mortality was reported in either group. Complications developed in 21 (19.4%) patients in the 2D group and 14 (17.1%) in the 3D group ( P = .710). A subgroup analysis of patients who underwent right station 2 and 4 lymphadenectomy showed that the mean time for right station 2 and 4 lymph node dissection was significantly shorter in the 3D group than in the 2D group (3D, 430.9 ± 237.2 vs 2D, 648.6 ± 364.1 seconds; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Glasses-free 3D VATS and 2D VATS are comparable in operative characteristics and safety profile for radical resection of NSCLC. Glasses-free 3D visualization facilitates more rapid right-sided mediastinal lymphadenectomy.