Brain functional abnormality in drug treated and drug naïve adolescents with borderline personality disorder: Evidence for default mode network dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have been found to show functional brain abnormality, including in the medial frontal cortex and other areas of the default mode network (DMN). The current study aimed to examine activations and de-activations in drug treated and medication-free female adolescents with the disorder. METHODS: 39 DSM-5 adolescent female patients with BPD without psychiatric comorbidity and 31 matched healthy female adolescents underwent fMRI during the performance of 1-back and 2-back versions of the n-back working memory task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of within-group activations and de-activations and areas of differences between the groups. RESULTS: On corrected whole-brain analysis, the BPD patients showed failure to de-activate a region of the medial frontal cortex in the 2-back > 1-back comparison. The 30 never-medicated patients additionally showed a failure to de-activate the right hippocampus in the 2-back versus baseline contrast. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of DMN dysfunction was observed in adolescent patients with BPD. Because the relevant medial frontal and hippocampal changes were seen in unmedicated young patients without comorbidity, they might be considered intrinsic to the disorder.

Dataset on the reductive amination of phenolics with cyclohexylamine over Rh/C and Pd/C: Catalysts characterization and reaction performance.

Secondary amines play a very important role in today's chemical industry owing to their extensive applications in agricultural, pharmaceutical, textile, polymer and in personal care fields [1] Unfortunately, most of the amine synthesis processes at the industrial level are fossil-based and imply economic and environmental problems. However, the heterogeneously catalyzed reductive amination of lignin-derived phenolics has been recognized as an efficient and ecofriendly method for the synthesis of primary or higher order amines [2]. In this sense, metal-supported catalysts, specifically palladium, and rhodium-based materials, have demonstrated their effectivity to produce secondary amines [3,4]. Therefore, there is a crescent interest in evaluating their roles within the reaction mechanisms by testing different reaction conditions and phenolics sources. Nevertheless, there is a lack of experimental data allowing to establish a correlation between the nature of the metallic clusters, the operational parameters, and steric effects of alkyl-phenolics with the activity and selectivity to amines. Accordingly, this dataset includes reliable experimental measurements on the use of Pd/C and Rh/C as catalysts for the reductive amination of phenols (RAPhs). A complete set of characterization techniques was applied to inspect the structural and textural properties of these materials which will allow its further correlation with the reaction performance. Therefore, data regarding transmission electron microscopy (TEM), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and specific surface area (BET) with pore size distribution (BJH) are provided here. Furtheremore, experimental data on the catalytic activity (in batch and/or dynamic modes) under different reaction conditions (phenol concentration, amine concentration, hydrogen pressure, temperature and alkyl-substituted phenols) are also included in the dataset. The data provided here could support the understanding on the role of active sites nature (Pd or Rh), the effect of operational parameters and the reactivity order for substituted phenols on the aforementioned reaction. Finally, we have included a sample datasheet which could aid the reader to perform preliminary kinetic analysis using the provided dataset.

End of Life Intervention Program During COVID-19 in Vall d'Hebron University Hospital.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and its consequences have placed our societies and healthcare systems under pressure. Also, a major impact on the individual and societal experience of death, dying, and bereavement has been observed. Factors such as social distancing, unexpected death or not being able to say goodbye, which might predict Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD), are taking place. Moreover, hospitals have become a habitual place for End of Life (EOL) situations but not in the usual conditions because, for example, mitigation measures prevent families from being together with hospitalized relatives. Therefore, we implemented an EOL program with a multidisciplinary team involving health social workers (HSW) and clinical psychologists (CP) in coordination with the medical teams and nursing staff. Objectives: We aim to describe an EOL intervention program implemented during COVID-19 in the Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH). We present its structure, circuit, and functions. Descriptive analyses of the sample and the interventions that required psychological and social attention are reported. Material and methods: The total sample consists of 359 relatives of 219 EOL patients. Inclusion criteria were families cared for during the COVID-19 pandemic with family patients admitted to the HUVH in an EOL situation regardless of whether or not the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19. Results: Our program is based on family EOL care perceptions and the COVID-19 context features that hinder EOL situations. The program attended 219 families, of which 55.3% were COVID-19 patients and 44.7% had other pathologies. The EOL intervention program was activated in most of the EOL situations, specifically, in 85% of cases, and 78% of relatives were able to come and say goodbye to their loved ones. An emotional impact on the EOL team was reported. It is necessary to dignify the EOL situation in the COVID-19 pandemic, and appropriate psychosocial attention is needed to try to minimize future complications in grief processes and mitigate PGD.

Three-year prevalence of self-harm behaviors among the reasons for emergency visits of children and adolescents.

Self-harm in the paediatric population is an emerging problem that has been associated with disability and an increased risk of suicide. The objective of the study is to analyse the prevalence of self-harming behaviour as a reason for paediatric emergency consultations.

Prevalencia a 3 años de las conductas autolesivas entre los motivos de consulta a urgencias en población infantojuvenil / Three-year prevalence of self-harm behaviors among the reasons for emergency visits of children and adolescents

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las conductas autolesivas en población pediátrica son un problema emergente que se ha asociado a la discapacidad y un mayor riesgo de muerte por suicidio. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la prevalencia de las con­ductas autolesivas entre los motivos de consulta a urgencias pediátricas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se analizaron 566 episodios clínicos cuyo principal motivo de consulta estaba relacionado con un problema de salud mental, entre las 122.985 consultas a urgencias de pediatría entre 2015-2017. Psiquiatras exper­tos los agruparon en el Grupo CA (conductas autolesivas) y Grupo PS (otra psicopatología). Variables clínicas y sociode­mográficas se extrajeron de los informes de alta a partir de hojas de registro específicas. RESULTADOS: El Grupo CA incluyó el 20,5 % de las con­sultas a urgencias por algún problema de salud mental. Las conductas autolesivas más frecuentes fueron las sobreingestas medicamentosas (38,8 %) y los cortes (24,1 %). En relación al Grupo PS, el Grupo CA presentaba un porcen­taje mayor de chicas, una edad media más alta y más an­tecedentes psiquiátricos (p < 0,001). Además, este grupo presentó un mayor porcentaje de diagnósticos al alta de trastornos afectivos y posibles trastornos de la personali­dad (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de conductas autolesivas entre las consultas a urgencias pediátricas es alta. Se observan especialmente en chicas adolescentes y muestran una mayor complejidad clínica. La detección y atención adecuada de es­tas conductas con programas especializados puede ayudar a prevenir el deterioro del funcionamiento psicosocial y detec­tar precozmente el debut de trastornos psiquiátricos

INTRODUCTION: Self-harm in the paediatric population is an emerging problem that has been associated with disability and an increased risk of suicide. The objective of the study is to analyse the prevalence of self-harming behaviour as a reason for paediatric emergency consultations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 122,985 paediatric emergency consultations during the years 2015-2017 were reviewed. Of these, 566 clinical episodes with a psychopathological prob­lem as the main reason for consultation were analysed. Ex­pert psychiatrists grouped them into Group CA (self-harming behaviour) and Group PS (other psychopathology). Clinical and sociodemographic variables were taken from the dis­charge reports and transferred to specific record sheets. RESULTS: During the period analysed, a progressive de­crease in the age of patients attending the paediatrics emer­gency room for a psychopathological problem was observed (p < 0.001). Of these, 20.5% consulted for self-harming be­haviour. Group CA had more of psychiatric medical history, an older mean age and were mostly female (p < 0.001). Among self-harming behaviour, the most frequent were medication overdose (38.8%) and cuts (24.1%). At discharge, this group had a higher percentage of diagnoses of affective disorders and possible personality disorders (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of self-harm as the reason for consultation in emergency services is high in the paediatric population and adequate attention should be paid to it, especially for adolescent girls. To prevent the functional deterioration associated with these behaviours, implementing programmes for early detection and intervention and referral to specialised treatment should be considered

The role of environmental influences in the complex relationship between borderline personality disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: review of recent findings.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the existence of possible developmental pathways from childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) to adult Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) has been suggested. The existence of common genetic factors has been described but there is little evidence on the role of environmental factors in the possible transition from one disorder to another throughout life. The main goal of this work is to review the literature about the existing evidence on childhood traumas as factors that mediate the risk of developing BPD in children with ADHD. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Science Direct and PsychInfo databases. Criteria included studies of BPD and ADHD relationships and childhood traumas as environmental influences from epidemiological or clinical samples. RESULTS: The review only identified 4 studies that matched the search criteria. All studies retrospectively analyzed childhood traumas, and adult patients with BPD, with or without comorbid ADHD, were the most frequently mentioned. The analyzed evidence reinforces the relationship between the number of childhood traumas and higher clinical severity. Three of these analyzed studies describe an increased the risk of children with ADHD who report emotional and sexual traumatic experiences to develop BPD in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: The experience of traumatic childhood events, especially those of an emotional type, may have a mediating effect of an increased risk of developing adult BPD in childhood ADHD patients. However, to consider them as risk factors, more studies, and especially longitudinal studies, are necessary to clarify the probable transactional process between the two disorders. Evidence from these studies may be helpful to develop early intervention programs to reduce the functional impairment associated with the two disorders.