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INTRODUCTION: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) represents a serious public health problem for the indigenous peoples of Brazil, since acute respiratory infections are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in this population. OBJECTIVE: To assess cases of SARS in Brazilian indigenous peoples in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as sociodemographic and health factors associated with deaths from SARS in this population. METHODS: Ecological study carried out based on secondary data from the Brazilian Database for Epidemiological Surveillance of Influenza referring to the Brazilian indigenous population with SARS in 2020. The variables included sociodemographic factors and health conditions. Statistical analyses were carried out considering absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies and logistic regression with odds ratios (OR), with death as the outcome of interest. RESULTS: A total of 3062 cases were reported in the analyzed period. Of these, there was a predominance of men (54.6%), adults (41.4%), with comorbidities (52.3%), with low levels of schooling (67.4%) and residents of rural areas (55.8%). Cases and deaths were concentrated in the states of Amazonas and Mato Grosso do Sul, states in the North and Midwest of Brazil. A greater chance of death was observed in elderly indigenous people (OR = 6.29; 95%CI 4.71-8.39), with low levels of schooling (OR = 1.72; 95%CI 1.22-2.28), residents of rural areas (OR = 1.35; 95%CI 1.12-1.62), and with comorbidities (OR = 1.87; 95%CI 1.42-2.46), especially obesity (OR = 2.56; 95%CI 1.07-6.11). CONCLUSION: The study was able to trace the clinical-epidemiological profile, as well as identify the groups of indigenous people most vulnerable to SARS as a result of COVID-19 and evolution to death in Brazil. The findings show the high impact on the morbidity and mortality of the Brazilian indigenous population exposed to SARS and are relevant for epidemiological health surveillance, since they can guide preventive public policy actions and quality of life measures for this ethnic group in Brazil.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) and kidney transplant recipients (KTR) present multiple factors that may increase the risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and impact of COVID-19 in RRT patients and KTRs. Methods: Between March 2020 and February 2021, we monitored the RRT population of thirteen dialysis facilities that refer patients for transplantation to our center, a tertiary hospital in Southern Brazil. In the same period, we also monitor COVID-19 incidence and mortality in our KTR population. Demographical, clinical, and COVID-19-related information were analyzed. Results: We evaluated 1545 patients in the dialysis centers, of which 267 (17.4%) were infected by COVID-19 and 53 (19.9%) died. Among 275 patients on the kidney transplant waiting list, 63 patients (22.9%) were infected and seven (11.1%) died. COVID-19 was the leading cause of death (29.2%) among patients on the waiting list. Within the population of 1360 KTR, 134 (9.85%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 20 (14.9%) died. The number of kidney transplants decreased by 56.7% compared with the same period in the previous twelve months. Conclusion: In the study period, patients on RRT and KTRs presented a high incidence of COVID-19 and high COVID-19-related lethality. The impact on the patients on the transplant waiting list was less pronounced. The lethality rate observed in both cohorts seems to be related to age, comorbidities, and disease severity.
Resumo Introdução: Pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) e receptores de transplante renal (RTR) apresentam múltiplos fatores que podem aumentar o risco de óbito por doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar incidência e impacto da COVID-19 em pacientes em TRS e RTR. Métodos: Entre Março de 2020 e Fevereiro de 2021, monitoramos a população em TRS de treze unidades de diálise que encaminham pacientes para transplante ao nosso centro, um hospital terciário no Sul do Brasil. No mesmo período, também monitoramos a incidência e mortalidade da COVID-19 em nossa população de RTR. Foram analisadas informações demográficas, clínicas e relacionadas à COVID-19. Resultados: Avaliamos 1545 pacientes nos centros de diálise, dos quais 267 (17,4%) foram infectados pela COVID-19 e 53 (19,9%) foram a óbito. Entre 275 pacientes na lista de espera para transplante renal, 63 (22,9%) foram infectados e sete (11,1%) foram a óbito. COVID-19 foi a principal causa de óbito (29,2%) entre pacientes na lista de espera. Dentre a população de 1360 RTR, 134 (9,85%) foram diagnosticados com COVID-19 e 20 (14,9%) foram a óbito. O número de transplantes renais diminuiu em 56,7% comparado ao mesmo período nos doze meses anteriores. Conclusão: No período do estudo, pacientes em TRS e RTR apresentaram alta incidência de COVID-19 e alta letalidade relacionada à COVID-19. O impacto nos pacientes na lista de espera para transplante foi menos pronunciado. A taxa de letalidade observada em ambas as coortes parece estar relacionada à idade, comorbidades e gravidade da doença.
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INTRODUCTION: Patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) and kidney transplant recipients (KTR) present multiple factors that may increase the risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and impact of COVID-19 in RRT patients and KTRs. METHODS: Between March 2020 and February 2021, we monitored the RRT population of thirteen dialysis facilities that refer patients for transplantation to our center, a tertiary hospital in Southern Brazil. In the same period, we also monitor COVID-19 incidence and mortality in our KTR population. Demographical, clinical, and COVID-19-related information were analyzed. RESULTS: We evaluated 1545 patients in the dialysis centers, of which 267 (17.4%) were infected by COVID-19 and 53 (19.9%) died. Among 275 patients on the kidney transplant waiting list, 63 patients (22.9%) were infected and seven (11.1%) died. COVID-19 was the leading cause of death (29.2%) among patients on the waiting list. Within the population of 1360 KTR, 134 (9.85%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 20 (14.9%) died. The number of kidney transplants decreased by 56.7% compared with the same period in the previous twelve months. CONCLUSION: In the study period, patients on RRT and KTRs presented a high incidence of COVID-19 and high COVID-19-related lethality. The impact on the patients on the transplant waiting list was less pronounced. The lethality rate observed in both cohorts seems to be related to age, comorbidities, and disease severity.
