Associations of regular consumption of breakfast, lunch and dinner with Body Mass Index during adolescence: longitudinal findings by weight status among the Eating and Activity over Time 2010-2018 cohort.

OBJECTIVE: To examine how the associations between meal consumption and BMI over 8 years differ by weight status in a sample of adolescents. DESIGN: Longitudinal, population-based study. Breakfast, lunch and dinner consumption and BMI were self-reported. Linear regressions were used to examine how the associations between meal consumption and BMI differed by weight status. SETTING: Adolescents in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area. PARTICIPANTS: Adolescents (n 1,471) were surveyed as part of the EAT 2010-2018 in 2009-2010 (Mage = 14·3 years) and 2017-2018 (Mage = 22·0 years). RESULTS: The prevalence of regular breakfast, lunch and dinner consumption (≥ 5 times/week) ranged from 45 to 65 %, 75 to 89 % and 76 to 94 %, respectively, depending on weight status category. Among adolescents with a sex- and age-specific BMI < 15th percentile, regular consumptions of breakfast, lunch and dinner during adolescence were positively associated with BMI in emerging adulthood compared with irregular consumption of breakfast, lunch and dinner (<5 times/week) after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics (ß = 5·43, ß = 5·39 and ß = 6·46, respectively; all P-values <0·01). Among adolescents in the BMI 15-85th and 85-95th percentiles, regular consumptions of breakfast, lunch and dinner were positively associated with BMI but to a lesser extent (P-values <0·01). For participants with a BMI ≥ 95th percentile, regular consumptions of breakfast, lunch and dinner were positively associated with BMI, but the associations were not statistically significant (P-values > 0·05). CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between meal consumption during adolescence and BMI in emerging adulthood differs by adolescent weight status. Future studies should investigate underlying factors related to meal consumption routines and BMI.

Changes in diet quality across life transitions from adolescence to early adulthood: a latent growth analysis.

Background: Adolescence to early adulthood is a period of multiple education-, employment- and family-related life transitions. Changing resources and food environments within the context of these transitions could contribute to significant changes in diet, which persist into later adulthood. This study investigated diet quality trajectories from age 15 to 31 years and changes in diet quality associated with life transitions, by sex. Methods: Data from the Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults) study were used to examine diet quality among a longitudinal cohort (n=2,524) across four waves (mean ages of 15, 19, 25 and 31 years). Diet quality was evaluated using the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) index. Life transitions were assessed by changes in life circumstances between pairs of waves, including leaving the parental home, leaving full-time education, beginning full-time employment, cohabitating with a partner, and becoming a parent. Average within-person changes in DASH scores were analysed by sex-specific latent growth models, incorporating underlying growth trajectories, five life transitions and baseline socio-demographic characteristics. Results: Both sexes followed a quadratic trajectory of DASH scores, showing decreases in diet quality from waves 1 to 2 followed by increases until wave 4. Compared to females, males had worse diet quality at wave 1, and this sex difference widened at wave 4. Leaving the parental home between waves 1 and 2 was associated with transient decreases in diet quality at wave 2 only for males. For females, cohabitating with a partner and becoming a parent between waves 3 and 4 were respectively related to decreases and increases in diet quality at wave 4. Leaving full-time education and starting full-time employment respectively had long-term negative and positive associations with diet quality for both sexes. Conclusions: Diet quality remained suboptimal throughout adolescence but to some extent improved across early adulthood. A sex-sensitive approach in public health policy is welcome for addressing sex differences in diet quality and dietary changes associated with family-related life transitions. Targeted dietary interventions are beneficial for young people who leave their parental home early or who do not enter into a structured school or workplace environment.

Prevalence and impact of fertility concerns in young women with breast cancer.

Survey data from the Mayo Clinic Breast Disease Registry were used to assess fertility counseling and fertility preservation strategies in a modern cohort of young women with breast cancer. One hundred respondents were identified who were under age 50 at the time of breast cancer diagnosis and who expressed interest in future childbearing near the time of diagnosis and/or 1 year later. Ninety-three percent of the 81 respondents to the year one survey recalled fertility counseling prior to cancer treatment. Most who reported a high level of fertility concern declared that this concern had impacted their treatment decisions, often shortening their planned duration of endocrine therapy. Approximately half had taken steps to preserve future fertility, and a third had used a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist either alone or combined with another method (e.g., embryo or oocyte cryopreservation).

Sexual Dysfunction in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Sexual well-being is a key determinant of quality of life. Sexual dysfunction in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is understudied. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were eligible for this study if they participated in the Mayo Clinic Breast Disease Registry (MCBDR), had a diagnosis of de novo MBC, and responded to a question about sexual dysfunction at the baseline MCBDR survey. Participants reported their sexual dysfunction on a scale of 0 (no dysfunction) to 10 (severe dysfunction) at baseline and then annually for 4 years. Participants answered additional sexual symptom questions in years 2 and 4. Associations between patient attributes and the presence and severity of sexual dysfunction, changes in sexual dysfunction from baseline to subsequent surveys, and associations between specific sexual symptoms and severity of sexual dysfunction were assessed. RESULTS: One hundred three patients with de novo MBC answered the sexual dysfunction question at baseline. The prevalence of any sexual dysfunction (score of 1-10) was 56.3% at baseline (n = 103), 57.1 % at year 1 (n = 77), 80.4% at year 2 (n = 46), 65.8% at year 3 (n = 38), and 85% at year 4 (n = 20). Vaginal dryness was reported by approximately 49% and 39% of patients in years 2 and 4 respectively. Vaginal dryness was associated with higher severity of sexual dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported sexual dysfunction is frequent in women with de novo MBC. Vaginal dryness is a frequently reported treatable symptom associated with higher severity of sexual dysfunction. Clinicians should assess patients with MBC for sexual dysfunction and discuss potential treatment strategies.

Weight-related Self-monitoring App Use Among Emerging Adults is Cross-sectionally Associated With Amount and Type of Physical Activity and Screen Time.

Weight-related self-monitoring (WRSM) apps are often used by emerging adults to assist in behavior change. However, little is known about the relationship between WRSM among the general population of emerging adults and various physical activity and screen time behaviors. This paper examines associations between WRSM app use and various forms of physical activity and screen time among a population-based sample of emerging adults. Data come from EAT 2018 (N = 1,568, mean age = 22.0 ± 2.0 years), a population-based sample of emerging adults from Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota. Participants reported on the types of WRSM apps used (physical activity and/or dietary focused), in addition to how much time they spent doing physical activity, whether they practiced yoga, compulsive exercise, recreational screen time, social media use, and whether they viewed dieting/weight loss materials. Linear and logistic regressions were used to assess adjusted means and prevalences of outcomes. We found that physical activity-focused WRSM app users engaged in more hours of total (8.7 vs 7.2, P < .001), and moderate-to-vigorous (5.1 vs 4.3, P = .002) physical activity compared to non-users. Similar results were found for dietary WRSM app users compared to non-users. However, WRSM app users had higher levels of compulsive exercise and were more likely to view dieting/weight loss materials (Ps < .001). Findings suggest that although physical activity is higher among WRSM users, the types of physical activity and screen time behaviors WRSM users are engaging in may be harmful.

Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic for the Well-Being of Emerging Adult Populations: A Synthesis of Findings From the COVID-19 Eating and Activity Over Time (C-EAT) Study.

Research addressing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychosocial well-being and health behavior is accumulating; however, implications for emerging adult populations are underexplored. This manuscript synthesizes findings from a mixed-methods study of well-being, eating and activity behaviors, and food insecurity among a diverse, longitudinal cohort of emerging adults. The review includes findings from 11 original studies that involved collecting online surveys from 720 emerging adults and in-depth, virtual interviews with 33 respondents who were food insecure. Findings indicated the pandemic had widespread impacts on well-being. Population groups at greatest risk for poor outcomes included women; those who identified as Black, Indigenous, or a Person of Color; persons in households of low socioeconomic status; parents of young children; and persons who previously experienced mental health challenges or weight stigma. Further research will be needed to evaluate efforts to improve the well-being of emerging adults in the aftermath of the pandemic.

The interplay between food insecurity and family factors in relation to disordered eating in adolescence.

This study examined the association between food insecurity and both binge eating and unhealthy weight-control behaviors (UWCBs) and assessed whether such associations differ by factors within the family environment. Data were collected from a diverse sample of adolescents (Mage = 14.5 years; 54.1% female) and their parents/guardians (N = 2137 dyads) participating in EAT 2010 (Eating and Activity over Time). Food-insecure adolescents were more likely to report binge eating (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41-2.69) and UWCBs (PR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.21-1.49) than food-secure adolescents. Family meal importance (p = .03) and family communication (p < .001) significantly moderated the association between food insecurity and UWCBs, such that the association was weaker at lower levels of these factors. Significant interactions with parental weight talk/concern (p < .001) and weight teasing (p = .04) indicated a weaker association between food insecurity and UWCBs in the presence of these factors. Findings indicate that the association between food insecurity and UWCBs among youth is less salient in the absence of family protective factors and in the presence of family risk factors for UWCBs, indicating the importance of targeting food insecurity itself, regardless of the presence of family risk or protective factors for UWCBs.

Changes in amount and intensity of physical activity over time in breast cancer survivors.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is associated with decreased breast cancer recurrence and mortality, as well as fewer treatment-related symptoms. Nevertheless, most breast cancer survivors do not meet physical activity guidelines. The purpose of this manuscript is to characterize physical activity trends over time in breast cancer survivors. METHODS: Mayo Clinic Breast Disease Registry participants received surveys at baseline and at 1 and 4 years after diagnosis; breast cancer recurrence and/or metastatic disease were exclusion criteria. Participants were considered to be meeting guidelines if they self-reported at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity (eg, fast walking) and/or strenuous (eg, jogging) physical activity per week. Statistical analyses include analysis of covariance methods, paired t tests, conditional logistic regression models, and McNemar tests of homogeneity. RESULTS: A total of 171 participants were included in the analysis. The amount of total physical activity decreased over time (P = .07). Mild-intensity physical activity (eg, easy walking) decreased most over time (P = .05). Among participants aged 18-49 years, mild-intensity (P = .05) and moderate-intensity (P = .02) physical activity decreased over time. Strenuous-intensity physical activity levels decreased over time among participants with a normal body mass index (P = .002) and with obesity (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: We found a trend-level decrease in total physical activity over time, driven mostly by a decrease in mild-intensity physical activity. Young breast cancer survivors are especially likely to reduce their physical activity over time. Further research on implementing physical activity guidelines in clinical practice is warranted.

Adverse childhood experiences and food insecurity in emerging adulthood: findings from the EAT 2010-2018 study.

OBJECTIVE: Low childhood socio-economic status (SES) and adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are associated with poor health outcomes in adulthood. Determining how ACE may be linked to food insecurity among young people from socio-economically diverse households can inform health-protective strategies. This study examined if ACE are associated with food insecurity during the transition to adulthood and investigated prevalence differences across SES strata. SETTING: Participants were recruited from twenty secondary schools in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. PARTICIPANTS: The analytic sample (n 1518) completed classroom surveys in 2009-2010 (mean age = 14·5 years) and follow-up surveys in 2017-2018 (mean age = 22·0 years). DESIGN: Past-year food insecurity was reported at both time points, and ACE were reported at follow-up. Logistic regression models were used to estimate emerging adult food insecurity prevalence by ACE exposure; models were stratified by childhood SES (low, middle and high). RESULTS: The adjusted prevalence of food insecurity was 45·3 % among emerging adults who reported three or more ACE compared with 23·6 % among those with one or two ACE and 15·5 % among those with no ACE (P < 0·001). All forms of ACE were related to an elevated prevalence of food insecurity in emerging adulthood. ACE-food insecurity associations were strongest for emerging adults from lower and middle SES households. Among emerging adults from low SES households, childhood experiences of emotional abuse and substance use by a household member were associated with the largest prevalence differences in food insecurity. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest a need for trauma-informed services within food assistance programs to better serve individuals with a history of ACE.

Personal, behavioural and socio-environmental correlates of emerging adults' sustainable food consumption in a cross-sectional analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Describe how dietary intake patterns of US young adults align with the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet (PHD) sustainable diet goals and identify personal, behavioural, and socio-environmental correlates of sustainable intake. DESIGN: Data on past-year dietary intake were captured using a FFQ. The PHD was applied to specific food groups, and a total PHD score was calculated. Linear regression models were used to identify associations between personal, behavioural and socio-environmental factors and PHD scores. SETTING: This cross-sectional analysis uses data from the second wave of EAT 2010-2018 (Eating and Activity over Time), a population-based longitudinal study recruited in Minnesota. PARTICIPANTS: Ethnically/racially diverse group of participants (n 1308) with a mean age of 22·1 (sd 2·0) years. RESULTS: The mean PHD score was 4·1 (sd 1·4) on a scale of 0-14, with 14 representing the most sustainable. On average, participants consumed fewer whole grains, fish, legumes, soya, and nuts than ideal for a sustainable diet, and an excess of eggs, added sugar, and meat. The PHD score was higher for participants with higher socio-economic status (SES) and greater educational attainment. Higher home availability of healthy food (ß = 0·24, P < 0·001) and less frequent fast-food consumption (ß = -0·26, P < 0·001) were the strongest correlates of PHD scores. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that a high percentage of participants may not be achieving the sustainable diet goals defined by the PHD. Reductions in meat consumption and increases in plant-based foods are necessary to increase the sustainability of US young adults' diets.

Is intuitive eating a privileged approach? Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between food insecurity and intuitive eating.

OBJECTIVE: To examine: (1) cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between measures of food insecurity (FI; household status and youth-reported) and intuitive eating (IE) from adolescence to emerging adulthood; and (2) the association between FI persistence and IE in emerging adulthood. DESIGN: Longitudinal population-based study. Young people reported IE and FI (two items from the US Household Food Security Module) in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Parents provided data on household FI via the six-item US Household Food Security Module in adolescence. SETTING: Adolescents (Mage = 14·3 ± 2 years) and their parents, recruited from Minneapolis/St. Paul public schools in 2009-2010 and again in 2017-2018 as emerging adults (Mage = 22·1 ± 2 years). PARTICIPANTS: The analytic sample (n 1372; 53·1 % female, 46·9 % male) was diverse across race/ethnicity (19·8 % Asian, 28·5 % Black, 16·6 % Latinx, 14·7 % Multiracial/Other and 19·9 % White) and socio-economic status (58·6 % low/lower middle, 16·8 % middle and 21·0 % upper middle/high). RESULTS: In cross-sectional analyses, youth-reported FI was associated with lower IE during adolescence (P = 0·02) and emerging adulthood (P < 0·001). Longitudinally, household FI, but not adolescent experience of FI, was associated with lower IE in emerging adulthood (P = 0·01). Those who remained food-insecure (P = 0·05) or became food-insecure (P = 0·02) had lower IE in emerging adulthood than those remaining food-secure. All effect sizes were small. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest FI may exert immediate and potentially lasting impacts on IE. As evidence suggests IE is an adaptive approach conferring benefits beyond eating, it would be valuable for interventions to address social and structural barriers that could impede IE.

Contralateral Breast Cancer Risk Among Carriers of Germline Pathogenic Variants in ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and PALB2.

PURPOSE: To estimate the risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC) among women with germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and PALB2. METHODS: The study population included 15,104 prospectively followed women within the CARRIERS study treated with ipsilateral surgery for invasive breast cancer. The risk of CBC was estimated for PV carriers in each gene compared with women without PVs in a multivariate proportional hazard regression analysis accounting for the competing risk of death and adjusting for patient and tumor characteristics. The primary analyses focused on the overall cohort and on women from the general population. Secondary analyses examined associations by race/ethnicity, age at primary breast cancer diagnosis, menopausal status, and tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status. RESULTS: Germline BRCA1, BRCA2, and CHEK2 PV carriers with breast cancer were at significantly elevated risk (hazard ratio > 1.9) of CBC, whereas only the PALB2 PV carriers with ER-negative breast cancer had elevated risks (hazard ratio, 2.9). By contrast, ATM PV carriers did not have significantly increased CBC risks. African American PV carriers had similarly elevated risks of CBC as non-Hispanic White PV carriers. Among premenopausal women, the 10-year cumulative incidence of CBC was estimated to be 33% for BRCA1, 27% for BRCA2, and 13% for CHEK2 PV carriers with breast cancer and 35% for PALB2 PV carriers with ER-negative breast cancer. The 10-year cumulative incidence of CBC among postmenopausal PV carriers was 12% for BRCA1, 9% for BRCA2, and 4% for CHEK2. CONCLUSION: Women diagnosed with breast cancer and known to carry germline PVs in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, or PALB2 are at substantially increased risk of CBC and may benefit from enhanced surveillance and risk reduction strategies.

Relative food abundance predicts greater binge-eating symptoms in subsequent hours among young adults experiencing food insecurity: Support for the "feast-or-famine" cycle hypothesis from an ecological momentary assessment study.

Food insecurity (FI) may increase risk for binge eating through a "feast-or-famine" cycle, where fluctuations in food availability correspond to alternating periods of food restriction and opportunities for binge eating, but research on this topic is limited. To clarify the relationship between food availability and binge eating in the context of FI, this study examined the association between momentary food security level and subsequent binge-eating symptoms among individuals in food-insecure households and investigated how this association differs by factors that may modify the extent to which food availability fluctuates. Ecological momentary assessment data were collected in 2020-2021 from 75 young adults (Mage = 25.3 ± 1.8 years; 72% female; 72% Black, Indigenous, or a Person of Color) in the United States who had experienced past-month household FI. For 14 days, participants reported four times per day on food security and eating episodes, and binge-eating symptoms were assessed for each reported eating episode. About 35% of the variance in momentary food security ratings was accounted for by within-person variability over time. A significant within-person association was observed in multilevel analyses, indicating that instances of greater food security relative to one's average level predicted greater subsequent binge-eating symptoms. Moderation analyses revealed that this association was significant only among individuals reporting use of food assistance programs, high engagement in resource trade-off coping strategies (e.g., skipping bill payments to buy food), or low food security-related self-efficacy. Overall, findings offer support for the "feast-or-famine" cycle hypothesis as an explanation for the link between FI and binge eating, emphasize the importance of identifying approaches to promote more stable access to adequate food, and suggest potential intervention targets to reduce risk for binge eating in populations experiencing FI.

Helicopter Parenting Among Socio-Economically and Ethnically/Racially Diverse Emerging Adults: Associations with Weight-Related Behaviors.

Helicopter parenting, a parenting style defined by over-involvement, may lead to poor health outcomes. However, research has primarily focused on children and adolescents from White, high socio-economic families, with little research examining weight-related health or with emerging adult children. The current study examined associations with emerging adult diet, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) among a diverse population-based sample of parent and emerging adult dyads (n = 919). Helicopter parenting was highest among lower socioeconomic households and those identifying as Black, Indigenous, or people of color. Helicopter parenting was associated with both healthy and less healthy dietary behaviors across ethnic/racial groups, but was not associated with physical activity or BMI. Greater consideration of the cultural context related to helicopter parenting is needed before making conclusions about its benefits or harms.

Financial hardship in breast cancer survivors: a prospective analysis of change in financial concerns over time.

PURPOSE: Medical financial hardship, encompassing material, behavioral, and psychologic domains, has been shown to impair quality of life during and after cancer therapy. We sought to evaluate the change in financial concerns in breast cancer survivors over time and identify those at risk of worsening financial concerns. METHODS: In Mayo Clinic Breast Disease Registry (MCBDR), a prospective cohort of consenting patients seen at Mayo Clinic Rochester within 1 year of their initial breast cancer diagnosis, consenting participants were asked to complete baseline and annual follow-up surveys that included an item on which respondents were asked to report their financial concerns on a linear analogue scale from 0 ("none") to 10 ("constant concerns"). We compared patient-reported financial concern at baseline to that on each patient's most recent survey, with worsening concerns defined as a 1+-point increase. Logistic regression analysis evaluated for possible predictors of worsening financial concerns. RESULTS: One-thousand nine-hundred fifty-seven participants responded to financial concern questions on the baseline and at least one follow-up survey between 2015 and 2020. Three-hundred fifty-seven (18.2%) reported worsening financial concerns. Only baseline financial situation of "enough to pay the bills, but little spare money to buy extra or special things," was associated with a greater likelihood of worsening financial concerns. CONCLUSIONS: More than one in seven breast cancer survivors develop worsening financial concerns within 5 years of diagnosis, and those with less financial security at baseline appear to be most vulnerable. IMPLICATION FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Financial concerns may worsen over time for breast cancer survivors, and therefore, oncology providers must continue to assess the financial well-being of survivors over time.

Padres Preparados, Jóvenes Saludables: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Test Effects of a Community-Based Intervention on Latino Father's Parenting Practices.

Parenting practices have been associated with adolescent lifestyle behaviors and weight status. Evidence is limited regarding the efficacy of interventions to address father influences on adolescent lifestyle behaviors through availability and modeling practices. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in father parenting practices after Latino families with adolescents participated in the Padres Preparados Jóvenes Saludables (Padres) program. Time-1 (baseline) and Time-2 (post-intervention) data were used from Latino father/adolescent (10-14 years) dyads enrolled in the Padres two-arm (intervention vs. delayed-treatment control group) randomized controlled trial in four community locations. The program had eight weekly, 2.5-h experiential learning sessions on food preparation, parenting practices, nutrition, and physical activity. Two types of parenting practices (role modeling and home food availability) were assessed by father report via questionnaire for each of 7 lifestyle behaviors, for a total of 14 parenting practices. Linear regression mixed models were used to evaluate the intervention effects. A total of 94 father/adolescent dyads completed both Time-1 and Time-2 evaluations. Significant positive intervention effects were found for frequencies of fruit modeling (p = 0.002) and screen time modeling (p = 0.039). Non-significant results were found for the other 12 father parenting practices.

Reproductive risk factors associated with breast cancer in young women by molecular subtype.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined detailed features of pregnancy and the postpartum period as potential risk factors for early onset breast cancer (BC) by molecular subtype. These data may have value for improving risk assessment and prevention. METHODS: We surveyed parous enrollees in the prospective Mayo Clinic Breast Disease Registry (MCBDR) who had been diagnosed with BC at age <55 years between 2015 and 2020. Summary statistics were used to describe survey responses and reproductive risk factors by BC subtype (defined by estrogen/progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor expression, nurse-abstracted from the medical record). Associations were assessed with Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square tests, followed by age-adjusted linear and logistic regression models. We compared results from this parous cohort to those from a separate cohort of nulliparous MCBDR participants with BC diagnosed at age <55 years. RESULTS: In 436 parous respondents with subtype data abstracted, we identified a higher frequency of BRCA1 mutation, earlier age at diagnosis, and lower BI in patients with triple negative BC. Comparing parous to nulliparous young women with breast cancer, the proportion with TNBC was larger in the latter (12.2% vs. 15.1%, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Early age at diagnosis and deleterious BRCA1 mutation were more frequent among TNBC patients. In addition, parous young women with TNBC had a lower BI than those with other BC subtypes, a hypothesis-generating finding that supports the need for additional research on the cycle of pregnancy-lactation-postpartum involution and BC etiology.

Employment Characteristics and Risk of Hospitalization Among Older Adults Participating in the Mayo Clinic Biobank.

Objective: To determine the relationship between characteristics of employment and future hospitalization in older adults. Patients and Methods: We conducted a survey of adults aged 65 years or older participating in the Mayo Clinic Biobank. Using a frequency-matched, case-control design, we compared patients who were hospitalized within 5 years of biobank enrollment (cases) with those who were not hospitalized (controls). We assessed the duration of work, age at first job, number of jobs, disability, retirement, and reasons for leaving work. We performed logistic regression analysis to assess the association of these factors with hospitalization, accounting for age, sex, comorbid conditions, and education level. Results: Among 3536 participants (1600 cases and 1936 controls; median age, 68.5 years; interquartile range, 63.4-73.9 years), cases were older, more likely to be male, and had lower education levels. Comorbid illnesses had the largest association with hospitalization (odds ratio [OR], 4.09; 95% CI, 3.37-4.97 [highest vs lowest quartile]). On adjusted analyses, odds of hospitalization increased with the presence of disability (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.01-1.69) and decreased with having 1 or 2 lifetime jobs vs no employment (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.60-1.00). The length of work, furlough, age of retirement, childcare issues, and reasons for leaving a job were not associated with hospitalization. Conclusion: This study reports an association between disability during work and hospitalization. On the basis of our findings, it may be important to obtain a more detailed work history from patients because it may provide further insight into their future health.