Comparison of three methods of tonometry in horses presented for ophthalmic disease.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the measurement of intraocular pressure in horses with clinical ocular disease using three tonometry devices. ANIMALS STUDIED: A total of fifty horses were presented to the New Bolton Center Ophthalmology Service. PROCEDURE: Intraocular pressure was taken on 50 client-owned horses (100 eyes) using the TonoVet, TonoVet Plus and Tono-Pen Avia tonometers. Clinical equine patients included were presented to New Bolton Center for ophthalmic examination. Auriculopalpebral blocks were performed but horses were unsedated. RESULTS: All three tonometers were found to have strong agreement among them. The strongest agreement was between the TonoVet and the TonoVet Plus with the TonoVet on average 1.330 mmHg less than the TonoVet Plus (standard deviation 4.388 mmHg). This was followed by the TonoVet and the Tono-Pen Avia Vet with the TonoVet on average 2.531 mmHg greater than the Tono-Pen Avia Vet (standard deviation 4.124 mmHg). The weakest agreement was between the TonoVet Plus and the Tono-Pen Avia with the TonoVet Plus on average 3.854 mmHg greater than the Tono-Pen Avia (standard deviation 4.724 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: All three tonometers showed strong agreement, however, the TonoVet and the TonoVet Plus carried the strongest agreement with the TonoVet Plus having slightly higher measurements overall compared with the TonoVet. Due to small variations between devices, it is recommended that the same device be used for serial measurements of intraocular pressure. However, all three devices are appropriate to use in horses presented for ophthalmic evaluation.

Occupational hazards of Brazilian solid waste workers: a systematic literature review / Riscos ocupacionais em trabalhadores da limpeza urbana no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Background: In Brazil, urban cleaning professionals play an important role within a context characterized by annual increase of the garbage production. However, the job exposes such workers to various occupational hazards, an issue little discussed in the literature. Objective: To identify occupational hazards to which Brazilian solid workers are exposed, as well as factors associated with their minimization. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed in databases Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), and PubMed. Gray literature was also searched through Google Scholar and included studies published along a ten-year period (2006-2016) in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Results: Twelve studies were located; the results showed that waste workers were exposed to biological, accidental, chemical, ergonomic, physical, and psychosocial risks. The risks declined with adherence to use of personal protective equipment and guidance for workers, employers, and population. Conclusions: Given the few studies in this field, more evidence-based research is necessary to serve as grounds for the development and implementation of public health policies aiming at reducing occupational risks among the studied population.

Contexto: No Brasil, os profissionais de limpeza urbana desempenham um papel importante em um contexto em que a produção de lixo no país aumenta consideravelmente a cada ano. No entanto, esse trabalho expõe tais trabalhadores a vários riscos ocupacionais, sendo essa questão pouco discutida na literatura. Objetivo: Identificar os riscos ocupacionais aos quais esses trabalhadores estão expostos e fatores associados à sua minimização. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando as bases de dados Scientific Scielo, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e PubMed. A literatura cinza também foi consultada através do Google Scholar e incluiu estudos publicados em um recorte de dez anos (2006-2016) em português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: Doze estudos foram identificados e seus resultados mostraram que os trabalhadores de resíduos estão expostos a riscos biológicos, de acidentes, químicos, ergonômicos, físicos e psicossociais. Os riscos diminuem com a aderência a Equipamentos de Proteção Individual e orientação aos trabalhadores, empregadores e população. Conclusão: Dada a escassez de estudos neste campo, há a necessidade de mais pesquisas baseadas em evidências que possam servir de subsídio para o desenvolvimento e implementação de políticas públicas de saúde visando a redução dos riscos ocupacionais no grupo estudado.

Visiting Trainees in Global Settings: Host and Partner Perspectives on Desirable Competencies.

BACKGROUND: Current competencies in global health education largely reflect perspectives from high-income countries (HICs). Consequently, there has been underrepresentation of the voices and perspectives of partners in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) who supervise and mentor trainees engaged in short-term experiences in global health (STEGH). OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to better understand the competencies and learning objectives that are considered a priority from the perspective of partners in LMICs. METHODS: A review of current interprofessional global health competencies was performed to design a web-based survey instrument in English and Spanish. Survey data were collected from a global convenience sample. Data underwent descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression. FINDINGS: The survey was completed by 170 individuals; 132 in English and 38 in Spanish. More than 85% of respondents rated cultural awareness and respectful conduct while on a STEGH as important. None of the respondents said trainees arrive as independent practitioners to fill health care gaps. Of 109 respondents, 65 (60%) reported that trainees gaining fluency in the local language was not important. CONCLUSIONS: This study found different levels of agreement between partners across economic regions of the world when compared with existing global health competencies. By gaining insight into host partners' perceptions of desired competencies, global health education programs in LMICs can be more collaboratively and ethically designed to meet the priorities, needs, and expectations of those stakeholders. This study begins to shift the paradigm of global health education program design by encouraging North-South/East-West shared agenda setting, mutual respect, empowerment, and true collaboration.

Occupational hazards of Brazilian solid waste workers: a systematic literature review.

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, urban cleaning professionals play an important role within a context characterized by annual increase of the garbage production. However, the job exposes such workers to various occupational hazards, an issue little discussed in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To identify occupational hazards to which Brazilian solid workers are exposed, as well as factors associated with their minimization. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed in databases Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), and PubMed. Gray literature was also searched through Google Scholar and included studies published along a ten-year period (2006-2016) in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. RESULTS: Twelve studies were located; the results showed that waste workers were exposed to biological, accidental, chemical, ergonomic, physical, and psychosocial risks. The risks declined with adherence to use of personal protective equipment and guidance for workers, employers, and population. CONCLUSIONS: Given the few studies in this field, more evidence-based research is necessary to serve as grounds for the development and implementation of public health policies aiming at reducing occupational risks among the studied population.

CONTEXTO: No Brasil, os profissionais de limpeza urbana desempenham um papel importante em um contexto em que a produção de lixo no país aumenta consideravelmente a cada ano. No entanto, esse trabalho expõe tais trabalhadores a vários riscos ocupacionais, sendo essa questão pouco discutida na literatura. OBJETIVO: Identificar os riscos ocupacionais aos quais esses trabalhadores estão expostos e fatores associados à sua minimização. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando as bases de dados Scientific Scielo, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e PubMed. A literatura cinza também foi consultada através do Google Scholar e incluiu estudos publicados em um recorte de dez anos (2006-2016) em português, inglês e espanhol. RESULTADOS: Doze estudos foram identificados e seus resultados mostraram que os trabalhadores de resíduos estão expostos a riscos biológicos, de acidentes, químicos, ergonômicos, físicos e psicossociais. Os riscos diminuem com a aderência a Equipamentos de Proteção Individual e orientação aos trabalhadores, empregadores e população. CONCLUSÃO: Dada a escassez de estudos neste campo, há a necessidade de mais pesquisas baseadas em evidências que possam servir de subsídio para o desenvolvimento e implementação de políticas públicas de saúde visando a redução dos riscos ocupacionais no grupo estudado.