Validity and reliability of the international physical activity questionnaire short form in Chilean adults.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) in Chilean adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional validation study was carried out on 161 adults aged between 35 and 65, selected from a population-based study in Temuco, Chile. IPAQ-SF was completed twice, seven days apart, to analyze the test-retest reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Objective PA was assessed by accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+) for seven consecutive days. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to determine the reliability. Spearman correlation coefficients (rho) and Bland-Altman plots were calculated to assess validity. RESULTS: 144 subjects (52.5 ± 8.8 years, 53.9% men) answered the IPAQ-SF on both occasions and had valid accelerometry data. The IPAQ-SF showed moderate reliability for sitting time (ICC = 0.62), while it was poor for walking (ICC = 0.40), moderate PA (ICC = 0.41), vigorous PA (ICC = 0.48), and total PA (ICC = 0.33). There were weak correlations between IPAQ-SF and accelerometry for sedentary behavior (rho = 0.28, p = 0.0005), walking (rho = 0.11, p = 0.17), moderate PA (rho = 0.13, p = 0.128), vigorous PA (rho = 0.18, p = 0.03), and total PA (rho = 0.26, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the IPAQ-SF test and retest would provide an acceptable measure of total SB and MVPA, and a weak correlation between IPAQ-SF and accelerometer.

Association of screen time and physical activity with health-related quality of life in college students.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between screen time and physical activity with quality of life among Chilean university students. METHODS: Cross-sectional and analytical study conducted on 726 first-year university students who replied three questionnaires: Youth Risk Behavior Survey, WHO Quality of Life-BREF scale, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS: There were differences in overall quality of life (p < .001) and level of satisfaction in health (p < .01) according to screen exposure time. These results follow a linear trend for all the quality of life domains (p < .01), and they indicate that there is an inverse association between screen time and quality of life. CONCLUSION: There is an inverse association between screen time and quality of life in university students. Students with a longer screen exposure time showed a lower quality of life, specifically in the domains of social relationships and psychological health, regardless of sex, physical activity, or socioeconomic level.

Effectiveness of Telerehabilitation in Physical Therapy: A Rapid Overview.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article was to summarize the available evidence from systematic reviews on telerehabilitation in physical therapy. METHODS: We searched Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. In addition, the records in PROSPERO and Epistemonikos and PEDro were consulted. Systematic reviews of different conditions, populations, and contexts-where the intervention to be evaluated is telerehabilitation by physical therapy-were included. The outcomes were clinical effectiveness depending on specific condition, functionality, quality of life, satisfaction, adherence, and safety. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were carried out by a reviewer with non-independent verification by a second reviewer. The findings are reported qualitatively in the tables and figures. RESULTS: Fifty-three systematic reviews were included, of which 17 were assessed as having low risk of bias. Fifteen reviews were on cardiorespiratory rehabilitation, 14 on musculoskeletal conditions, and 13 on neurorehabilitation. The other 11 reviews addressed other types of conditions and rehabilitation. Thirteen reviews evaluated with low risk of bias showed results in favor of telerehabilitation versus in-person rehabilitation or no rehabilitation, while 17 reported no differences between the groups. Thirty-five reviews with unclear or high risk of bias showed mixed results. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the contradictory results, telerehabilitation in physical therapy could be comparable with in-person rehabilitation or better than no rehabilitation for conditions such as osteoarthritis, low-back pain, hip and knee replacement, and multiple sclerosis and also in the context of cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation. It is imperative to conduct better quality clinical trials and systematic reviews. IMPACT: Providing the best available evidence on the effectiveness of telerehabilitation to professionals, mainly physical therapists, will impact the decision-making process and therefore yield better clinical outcomes for patients, both in these times of the COVID-19 pandemic and in the future. The identification of research gaps will also contribute to the generation of relevant and novel research questions.

Polimorfismo genético ACTN3 R577X en deportistas universitarios chilenos / ACTN3 R577X gene polymorphism in Chilean college athletes

Uno de los principales factores genéticos que influenciarían el rendimiento muscular humano es el gen ACTN3, que codifica la proteína estructural del sarcómero α-actinina-3. El polimorfismo R577X (rs1815739) del gen ACTN3 ha sido asociado con varios indicadores de rendimiento muscular y físico en deportistas y población general, pero este fenómeno ha sido escasamente descrito en poblaciones de Latinoamérica y Chile. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue describir la frecuencia genotípica y distribución alélica de los genotipos de ACTN3 R577X en deportistas universitarios chilenos. 129 deportistas universitarios chilenos representantes de diferentes selecciones deportivas (halterofilia, balonmano, voleibol, rugby, basquetbol, futbol y futsal) participaron como voluntarios. Los análisis moleculares del polimorfismo R577X del gen ACTN3 fueron realizados mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y restricción enzimática (RFLP). La distribución de genotipos del polimorfismo ACTN3 R577X fue RR: 34,8 % (n=45), RX: 50,4 % (n=65), XX: 14,7 % (n=19), y la frecuencia relativa de alelos fue R: 0,601 y X: 0,399. Además, se encontró asociación entre distribución de genotipos (c2= 12,26; 2 gl; p=0,002) y frecuencia relativa de alelos (c2= 11.02; 1 gl; p=0.0009) con el sexo de los participantes. Sin embargo, no hubo asociación al realizar análisis por tipo de deporte practicado. Los hallazgos de la presente investigación sugieren que el polimorfismo R577X del gen ACTN3 está asociado con el sexo en deportistas universitarios chilenos. Además, estos resultados describen de forma inédita la distribución genotípica y frecuencia alélica de esta variante genética en población chilena, mostrando una distribución similar a otros estudios realizados en poblaciones de deportistas en Brasil, Rusia, Estados Unidos y Turquía. No obstante, también muestra diferencias con otras poblaciones generales y de deportistas.

One of the main genetic factors that influence the muscular performance is the gene that encodes the structural protein α-actinin-3 (ACTN3). The R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) of ACTN3 has been associated with indicators of muscle and physical performance in athletes and general population, but this has been scarcely described in the Latin American and Chilean population. Thus, the aim of the present study was to describe the genotypic frequency and allelic distribution of ACTN3 R577X genotypes in college athletes. A total of 129 unrelated Chilean college athletes representing various sport disciplines (weightlifting, handball, volleyball, rugby, basketball, soccer and futsal) were volunteered for the study. ACTN3 R577X gene polymorphism was analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). For the total sample the genotypes distribution for R577X polymorphism was RR: 34.8 % (n=45), RX: 50.4 % (n=65), XX: 14.7 % (n=19), and the relative frequency of alleles was R: 0,601 and X: 0,399. Moreover, an association was found between genotype distribution (c2= 12.26; 2 df; p=0.002) and allele frequencies (c2= 11.02; 1 df; p=0.0009) with the sex of the participants. However, there were no associations when performing analysis by type of sports. These findings suggest that the R577X polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene is associated with sex in Chilean college athletes. Furthermore, these results describe in an unprecedented manner, the genotypic distribution and allelic frequency of this genetic variant in Chilean population, showing a similar distribution to other studies conducted in populations of athletes in Brazil, Russia, the United States and Turkey. However, it also shows differences with other general and athletes populations.

Función física de niños/as de cuatro años con residencia urbana y rural / Physical Function of Preschoolers of Four Years Old with Urban and Rural Residence / Função física de crianças de quatro anos com residência urbana e rural

Introducción: el lugar de residencia puede influir en la expresión de los componentes de la función física durante la edad preescolar. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación en el rendimiento de los componentes de la función física entre niños/as de cuatro años de residencia urbana y rural. Materiales y métodos: estudio comparativo-descriptivo que evaluó a 50 niños/as de 4 años de edad (27 de residencia rural y 23 urbanos). Las variables fueron: lugar de residencia (urbano o rural), rendimiento muscular de extremidades inferiores y superiores, balance, estabilidad y flexibilidad. Para medir estas características se aplicaron las pruebas de salto horizontal, fuerza prensil, equilibrio caminando sobre una línea recta, apoyo unipodal con ojos abiertos y cerrados, y alcanzar sentado en V, respectivamente; además de valorar el nivel de actividad física. Resultados: los niños y niñas de residencia rural tuvieron niveles de actividad física (<0,001) y rendimientos musculares de extremidades superiores (p = 0,012) significativamente mayores que sus pares urbanos. Los otros componentes de la función física no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Discusión: en este grupo de estudio, el lugar de residencia rural sí tendría influencias significativas sobre la función física de niños/as de 4 años.

Introduction: The residence place may have influence over the expression of the physical fitness components during preschool age. The objective of this study was to determine the physical function components among four years old preschoolers of urban and rural residence. Materials and methods: A comparative-descriptive cross-sectional study that assessed fifty children of four years old, of which 27 had rural residence and 23 urban. Place of residence (urban or rural), muscular performance of lower and upper limbs, balance, stability and flexibility were considered. To measure these characteristics, physical performance tests such as standing long jump, grip strength, balance walking on a straight line (balance beam), unipodal support with eyes open and closed, and sitting in V were used respectively; furthermore, the level of physical activity was measured. Results: The boys and girls of rural residence had higher levels of physical activity (<0,001) and upper extremities muscle performance compared with their urban peers (p = 0,012). The other physical function components did not show statistical differences. Discussion: In this group of study, the residence place would have influence on the physical function of four years old preschoolers.

Introdução: o lugar de residência pode influir na expressão dos componentes da função física durante a idade pré-escolar. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a relação no rendimento dos componentes da função física entre crianças de quatro anos de residência urbana e rural. Materiais e métodos: estudo comparativo-descritivo que avaliou a 50 crianças de 4 anos de idade, 27 de residência rural e 23 urbanos. As variáveis foram: lugar de residência (urbano ou rural), rendimento muscular de extremidades inferiores e superiores, balanço, estabilidade e flexibilidade. Para medir estas características aplicaram-se as provas de salto horizontal, força preênsil, equilíbrio caminhando sobre uma linha reta, apoio unipodal com olhos abertos e fechados, e alcançar sentado em V respetivamente, além de validar o nível de atividade física. Resultados: as crianças de residência rural tiveram níveis de atividade física (<0,001) e rendimentos musculares de extremidades superiores (p = 0,012) significativamente maiores que seus pares urbanos. Os outros componentes da função física não mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Discussão: neste grupo de estudo, o lugar de residência rural sim teria influências significativas sobre a função física de crianças de 4 anos.