RESUMEN
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are an indispensable part of our daily life. After being studied for a few decades, this field still has some room for improvement. In this regard, perovskite materials may take the leading role. In recent years, LEDs have become a most explored topic, owing to their various applications in photodetectors, solar cells, lasers, and so on. Noticeably, they exhibit significant characteristics in developing LEDs. The luminous efficiency of LEDs can be significantly enhanced by the combination of a poor illumination LED with low-dimensional perovskite. In 2014, the first perovskite-based LED was illuminated at room temperature. Furthermore, two-dimensional (2D) perovskites have enriched this field because of their optical and electronic properties and comparatively high stability in ambient conditions. Recent and relevant advancements in LEDs using low-dimensional perovskites including zero-dimensional to three-dimensional materials is reported. The major focus of this article is based on the 2D perovskites and their heterostructures (i.e., a combination of 2D perovskites with transition metal dichalcogenides, graphene, and hexagonal boron nitride). In comparison to 2D perovskites, heterostructures exhibit more potential for application in LEDs. State-of-the-art perovskite-based LEDs, current challenges, and prospects are also discussed.
RESUMEN
Rice, a critical cereal crop, grapples with productivity challenges due to its inherent sensitivity to low temperatures, primarily during the seedling and booting stages. Recognizing the polygenic complexity of cold stress signaling in rice, a meta-analysis was undertaken, focusing on 20 physiological traits integral to cold tolerance. This initiative allowed the consolidation of genetic data from 242 QTLs into 58 meta-QTLs, thereby significantly constricting the genetic and physical intervals, with 84% of meta-QTLs (MQTLs) being reduced to less than 2 Mb. The list of 10,505 genes within these MQTLs, was further refined utilizing expression datasets to pinpoint 46 pivotal genes exhibiting noteworthy differential regulation during cold stress. The study underscored the presence of several TFs such as WRKY, NAC, CBF/DREB, MYB, and bHLH, known for their roles in cold stress response. Further, ortho-analysis involving maize, barley, and Arabidopsis identified OsWRKY71, among others, as a prospective candidate for enhancing cold tolerance in diverse crop plants. In conclusion, our study delineates the intricate genetic architecture underpinning cold tolerance in rice and propounds significant candidate genes, offering crucial insights for further research and breeding strategies focused on fortifying crops against cold stress, thereby bolstering global food resilience. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01412-1.