Cucurbituril-Shaped Cd18(triazolate)12 Unit-Based Metal-Organic Framework Exhibiting an C2H2/CO2 Separation Ability.

Herein, a metal-organic framework (MOF), {[(Me2NH2)4][Cd(H2O)6][Cd18(TrZ)12(TPD)15(DMF)6]}n (denoted as JXNU-18, TrZ = triazolate), constructed from the unique cucurbituril-shaped Cd18(TrZ)12 secondary building units bridged by 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic (TPD2-) ligands, is presented. The formation of the cucurbituril-shaped Cd18(TrZ)12 unit is unprecedented, demonstrating the geometric compatibility of the organic linkers and the coordination configurations of the cadmium atoms. Each Cd18(TrZ)12 unit is connected to eight neighboring Cd18(TrZ)12 units through 30 TPD2- linkers, affording the three-dimensional structure of JXNU-18. More interesting is that JXNU-18 displays an efficient C2H2/CO2 separation ability, as revealed by the gas adsorption experiments and dynamic gas breakthrough experiments, which afford insights into the potential applications of JXNU-18 in gas separation. The tubular pores composed of two Cd18(TrZ)12 units bridged by six 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic linkers provide the suitable pore space for C2H2 trapping, as unveiled by computational simulations.

Comparison of dexmedetomidine with midazolam for third molar surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

INTRODUCTION: The analgesic sedation of dexmedetomidine compared with midazolam for third molar surgery remains controversial. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the influence of dexmedetomidine versus midazolam for third molar surgery. METHODS: We have searched PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through December 2022 for randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of dexmedetomidine versus midazolam for third molar surgery. This meta-analysis was performed using the random-effect model. RESULTS: Four randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with midazolam for third molar surgery, dexmedetomidine administration leads to comparable oxygen saturation (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.24 to 0.74; P = .31), heart rate (SMD = -0.37; 95% CI = -1.18 to 0.44; P = .37), SBP (SMD = -0.24; 95% CI = -0.57 to 0.09; P = .16), DBP (SMD = -0.26; 95% CI = -0.60 to 0.07; P = .12), as well as nausea and vomiting (OR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.05-6.61; P = .66). CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine may obtain the comparable sedation efficacy with midazolam for third molar surgery.

Self-assembled mononuclear complexes: open metal sites and inverse dimension-dependent catalytic activity for the Knoevenagel condensation and CO2 cycloaddition.

To lessen the greenhouse effect, measures such as improving the recovery of crude oil and converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable chemicals are necessary to create a sustainable low-carbon future. To this end, the development of efficient new oil-displacing agents and CO2 conversion has aroused great interest in both academia and industry. The Knoevenagel condensation and CO2 cycloaddition are the key reactions to solve the above problems. Four Cu- or Zn-based molecular complexes built from different ligands possessing hydrophilic-hydrophobic layers and different dimensionalities were chosen as solid catalysts for this study. Structural analysis revealed the presence of hydrophilic-hydrophobic layers and open metal sites in the low-dimensional complexes. To obtain deep insight into the reaction mechanism, first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out. These calculations confirmed that in the Knoevenagel condensation reaction, the final formation of benzylidenemalononitrile is the rate-determining step (an energy barrier (ΔE) value of 73.2 kJ mol-1). The zero-dimensional (0D) Cu molecular complex with unsaturated metal centers, hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers, exhibited higher catalytic activity (yield: 100%, temperature: room temperature, and time: 2 h) compared with one- and two-dimensional Cu complexes. In the presence of a 0D Zn complex co-catalyzed with Br- in the CO2 cycloaddition reaction, the ΔE value reduces to 35.5 kJ mol-1 for the ring opening of styrene oxide (SO), which is significantly lower than Br- catalyzed (80.9 kJ mol-1) reactions. The roles of unsaturated metal centers, hydrophilic-hydrophobic layers and dimensionality in the Knoevenagel condensation and CO2 cycloaddition were explained in the results of structure-activity relationships.

Heat Shock Proteins 70 Regulate Cell Motility and Invadopodia-Associated Proteins Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Many studies have shown that diabetes is often closely related to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) occurrence and metastasis. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a molecular chaperone related to diabetes complications. This study aims to investigate the role of Hsp70 in OSCC in expression of invadopodia-associated proteins. Methods: The expressions and correlation of HSP70, Hif1α, MMP2, MMP14, and cortactin were examined using bioinformatics analysis and verified by OSCC tissue microarrays. Assay in vitro was performed to analyze cell migration capacity after treatment with or without the HSP70 inhibitor. Results: The expressions of invadopodia-associated proteins were enhanced in OSCC tissues compared with paracarcinoma tissues and partially correlated with HSP70. Inhibiting HSP70 significantly decreased the cell viability, proliferation, and migration of OSCC cells. Conclusions: HSP70 may be involved in invadopodia-associated proteins in OSCC cells, which provides a promising method for treatment of OSCC metastasis.

Single-ion chelation strategy for synthesis of monodisperse Pd nanoparticles anchored in MOF-808 for highly efficient hydrogenation and cascade reactions.

Ultrafine Pd nanoparticles are prepared using a single-ion precursor on a MOF-808 carrier. The ligand 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid (Pza) is dispersed in porous MOF-808 via grafting on formic acid sites, and thus Pd2+ ions are chelated by Pza to form a new single-ion precursor Pd@MOF-808-Pza. Then a Pd-nano@MOF-808-Pza catalyst is prepared by direct reduction of this precursor using NaBH4. Material characterization reveals the homogeneous dispersion of 3-6 nm Pd nanoparticles within the MOF-808 matrix. Pd-nano@MOF-808-Pza exhibits excellent catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of unsaturated nitrogen-containing compounds, and other typical reactions, such as the Knoevenagel condensation, Suzuki/Heck cross-coupling, and hydrogen tandem reactions. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are carried out to elucidate the chelation of Pd2+ ions by Pza on MOF-808 and propose mechanisms of hydrogenation reactions. This work provides an effective reduction catalyst, and more importantly, a single-ion chelation strategy for design and synthesis of metal supported catalysts.

MicroRNA-146a-5p-modified human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells enhance protection against diabetic nephropathy in rats through facilitating M2 macrophage polarization.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus and a common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, which render them an attractive therapeutic tool for tissue damage and inflammation. METHODS: This study was designed to determine the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) on streptozotocin-induced DN. Renal function and histological staining were used to evaluate kidney damage. RNA high-throughput sequencing on rat kidney and UCMSC-derived exosomes was used to identify the critical miRNAs. Co-cultivation of macrophage cell lines and UC-MSCs-derived conditional medium were used to assess the involvement of macrophage polarization signaling. RESULTS: UC-MSC administration significantly improved renal function, reduced the local and systemic inflammatory cytokine levels, and attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration into the kidney tissue in DN rats. Moreover, UC-MSCs shifted macrophage polarization from a pro-inflammatory M1 to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Mechanistically, miR-146a-5p was significantly downregulated and negatively correlated with renal injury in DN rats as determined through high-throughput RNA sequencing. Importantly, UC-MSCs-derived miR-146a-5p promoted M2 macrophage polarization by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1) signaling pathway. Furthermore, miR-146a-5p modification in UC-MSCs enhanced the efficacy of anti-inflammation and renal function improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our findings demonstrate that UC-MSCs-derived miR-146a-5p have the potential to restore renal function in DN rats through facilitating M2 macrophage polarization by targeting TRAF6. This would pave the way for the use of miRNA-modified cell therapy for kidney diseases.

Solvo-thermal synthesis of a unique cluster-based nano-porous zinc(II) luminescent metal-organic framework for highly sensitive detection of anthrax biomarker and dichromate.

In this work a flexible multi-dentate 4,4'-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl) methylene-bis(benzonic acid) (H2L) ligand has been employed, a unique cluster-based nano-porous luminescent zinc(II) metal-organic framework {[Zn(µ6-L)]·(DMAC)2}n (1) (DMAC = Dimethylacetamide) has been isolated under solvo-thermal conditions. The H2L ligand adopts hexa-dentate coordination modes via one triazole nitrogen atom and four aromatic carboxylate oxygen atoms, which bridge the neighboring six-coordinated ZnII centers, leading to a three-dimensional (3D) nano-porous metal organic framework. A PLATON program analysis suggests the total potential solvent area volume is 2028.9 Å3, which occupy 62.5% percent of the unit cell volume (3248.4 Å3). PXRD Patterns of the as-synthesized samples 1 have been determined confirming the purity of the bulky samples. Photo-luminescent properties indicate strong fluorescent emissions of 1 at the room temperature. Further photo-luminescent measurements show that 1 can exhibit highly sensitive real-time luminescence sensing of anthrax biomarker dipicolinic acid (DPA) with high quenching efficiency (KSV = 1.48 × 105 M-1) and low detection limit (0.298 µM (S/N = 3)). Meanwhile 1 also exhibits highly selective and sensitive luminescence sensing for Cr2O72- ions in aqueous solutions with high quenching efficiency KSV = 1.22 × 104 L·mol-1 and low detection limit (0.023 µM (S/N = 3)). Therefore 1 can be used a unique multi-functional 3D cluster-based metal organic material in sensitive detection and effective detection of environment pollutants and biomarker molecules.

Adsorption of Ni2+ in aqueous solution by KMnO4 modified biomass: investigation on adsorption kinetics and modification mechanism.

In this study, KMnO4 modification was proved to effectively increase the Ni2+ adsorption capacity of biomass. In order to clarify the KMnO4 modification mechanism, the Ni2+ adsorption characteristics of KMnO4 modified corncob (PPCB) under adsorption time, pH and Ni2+ concentration were studied. The results showed that the adsorption was the pseudo second-order kinetic process, indicating that chemisorption was the dominated process, which followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the highest Ni2+ adsorption capacity of PPCB reached 35.6 mg/g. By KMnO4 modification, the corncob was oxidized to generate carboxylates, and the MnO2 (reduction product) was loaded on the modified corncob, both carboxylates and MnO2 increased the Ni2+ adsorption capacity of PPCB. The molecular dynamic results indicated the carboxylate structures had the strongest adsorption capacity. Moreover, the Ni2+ removal efficiency of KMnO4 modified biomass decreased linearly with the increase of lignin content in biomass, while KMnO4 modified lignin showed a good adsorption performance, indicating that the cross-linked structures between lignin and other components in the biomass could inhibit the adsorption capacity of PPCB.

Isolation and Fractionation of the Tobacco Stalk Lignin for Customized Value-Added Utilization.

The value-added utilization of tobacco stalk lignin is the key to the development of tobacco stalk resources. However, the serious heterogeneity is the bottleneck for making full use of tobacco stalk lignin. Based on this, lignin was separated from tobacco stalk through hydrothermal assisted dilute alkali pretreatment. Subsequently, the tobacco stalk alkaline lignin was fractionated into five uniform lignin components by sequential solvent fractionation. Advanced spectral technologies (FT-IR, NMR, and GPC) were used to reveal the effects of hydrothermal assisted dilute alkali pretreatment and solvent fractionation on the structural features of tobacco stalk lignin. The lignin fractions extracted with n-butanol and ethanol had low molecular weight and high phenolic hydroxyl content, thus exhibiting superior chemical reactivity and antioxidant capacity. By contrast, the lignin fraction extracted with dioxane had high molecular weight and low reactivity, nevertheless, the high residual carbon rate made it suitable as a precursor for preparing carbon materials. In general, hydrothermal assisted dilute alkali pretreatment was proved to be an efficient method to separate lignin from tobacco stalk, and the application of sequential solvent fractionation to prepare lignin fractions with homogeneous structural features has specific application prospect.

Interleukin-1 causes CNS inflammatory cytokine expression via endothelia-microglia bi-cellular signaling.

As a major producer of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1), peripheral macrophages can augment IL-1 expression via type 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1) mediated autocrine self-amplification. In the CNS, microglial cells are the major producers of inflammatory cytokines, but express negligible levels of IL-1R1. In the present study, we showed CNS IL-1 induced microglial proinflammatory cytokine expression was mediated by endothelial, not microglial, IL-1R1. This paracrine mechanism was further dissected in vitro. IL-1 was unable to stimulate inflammatory cytokine expression directly from the microglial cell line BV-2, but it stimulated the brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3 to produce a factor(s) in the culture supernatant, which was capable of inducing inflammatory cytokine expression in BV-2. We termed this factor IL-1-induced microglial activation factors (IMAF). BV-2 cytokine expression was inducible by extracellular ATP, but IL-1 did not stimulate the release of ATP from bEnd.3 cells. Filtration of IMAF by size-exclusion membranes showed IMAF activity resided in molecules larger than 50 kd and incubation of IMAF at 95 °C for 5 min did not alter its activity. Microglial inhibitor minocycline was unable to block IMAF activity, even though it blocked LPS induced cytokine expression in BV-2 cells. Adding NF-κB inhibitor to the bEnd.3 cells abolished IL-1 induced cytokine expression in this bi-cellular system, but adding NF-κB inhibitor after IMAF is already produced failed to abrogate IMAF induced cytokine expression in BV-2 cells. RNA sequencing of IL-1 stimulated endothelial cells revealed increased expression of genes involved in the production and processing of hyaluronic acid (HA), suggesting HA as a candidate of IMAF. Inhibition of hyaluronidase by ascorbyl palmitate (AP) abolished IMAF-induced cytokine expression in BV-2 cells. AP administration in vivo also inhibited ICV IL-1-induced IL-1 expression in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. In vitro, either TLR2 or TLR4 inhibitors blocked IMAF induced BV-2 cytokine expression. In vivo, however, IL-1 induced cytokine expression persisted in either TLR2 or TLR4 knockouts. These results demonstrate IL-1 induced inflammatory cytokine expression in the CNS requires a bi-cellular system and HA could be a candidate for IMAF.

Diabetic retinopathy: Focus on NADPH oxidase and its potential as therapeutic target.

Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes that affects the retina due to a sustained high blood sugar level. Recent studies have demonstrated that high glucose-driven oxidative stress plays an important role in the microvascular complications of retina in diabetes. Oxidative stress occurs due to the excess of reactive oxygen species, which causes oxidative damage to retina, leading to the leak of tiny blood vessels, or acts as signaling molecules to trigger neovascularization, resulting in new fragile vessels. NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a key enzymatic source of reactive oxygen species in the retina, and it is involved in the early as well as the advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy. To date, at least 7 NOX isoforms, including NOX1 to NOX5, dual oxidase1 and dual oxidase 2, have been identified. It has been shown that NOX isoforms exert different roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Intervention of NOX by its inhibitors or modulators shows beneficial effect on improving the retinal functions in the models of diabetic retinopathy in vivo or in vitro. Thereby, NOX might be a potential target for the therapy of diabetic retinopathy. The present review focuses on the role of NOX, particularly the NOX isoforms, in promoting the development of diabetic retinopathy. In addition, NOX isoforms as potential targets for therapy of diabetic retinopathy are also discussed.

Efficacy and Bleeding Risks of Ticagrelor Replacement for Treating Elderly Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients With Low Response to Clopidogrel / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To observe the efficacy of ticagrelor for treating elderly acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with elective PCI and having low response to clopidogrel; to explore the bleeding risks induced by ticagrelor replacement. Methods: A total of 945 ACS patients ≥ 65 years treated in our hospital from 2014-01 to 2017-01 were enrolled. All patients received aspirin and clopidogrel dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), thrombelastography (TEG) was used to detect platelet inhibition rate when DAPT ≥ 5 days. Based on platelet inhibition rate, the patients were divided into 2 groups:Ticagrelor replacement group, n=293 patients with low response to clopidogrel and switched to ticagrelor treatment, when adjusted DAPT ≥ 5 days, platelet inhibition rate was rechecked to compare the changes; Clopidogrel group, the patients were continuously treated by the same medication, n=652. The patients were followed-up for 3 months, bleeding events were evaluated by TIMI criteria and compared between 2 groups. Risk factors of ticagrelor induced bleeding were assessed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results: Platelet inhibition rates in Ticagrelor replacement group were (51.70±42.90) %, (48.99±41.85) % and (55.08±25.70) % at (5-7) d, (8-14) d and (15-90) d ticagrelor treatment, which were higher than previous clopidogrel treatment (14.50±24.15) %, all P<0.05. The incidences of severe bleeding events were similar between 2 groups, P=0.96. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis presented that female (OR=4.329, P=0.000), low body weight (OR=0.817, P=0.039) and elevated fasting blood glucose (OR=1.251, P=0.028) were the independent risk factors for bleeding complication in ticagrelor treated elderly ACS patients. Conclusion: Compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor may faster and more effectively inhibit platelet aggregation without increasing severe bleeding; female, low body weight and elevated fasting blood glucose were the independent risk factors for bleeding complication in ticagrelor treated elderly ACS patients with elective PCI.

Predictors of chronic radial artery occlusion after transradial catheterization / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To investingate the possible predictory of radial artery occlusion(RAO) after transradial approach and its preventive measures.Methods We prospectively assessed the occurrence of RAO in 669 consecutive patients undergoing transradial approach and 63 patients were excluded from the final study (24of them did not meet the inclusion criterium,31 patients converted to other artery approaches,6 patients lost clinical follow-up and 2 patients died).Artery occlusion was evaluated with Doppler ultrasound in 2 days and 1 year after the intervention.The risk factors of RAO including sex,body mass index (BMI),smoking,hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,puncture site,vessel spasm,and artery diameter/ sheath ratio were evaluated using a multivariate model analysis.Results Among the 606 patients,RAO occurred in 56 patients.There were no differences in sex,age,BMI,coronary lesions,rates of vessel spasm,vessel length,medication given and operation time between the 2 group of patients with vs without ROA (all P＞0.05).Univariate logistic analysis showed puncture site at 0 cm away from radial styloid and artery diameter/sheath ratio ≤ 1 were possible risk factory and puncture site ＞ 4 cm from radial styloid was possible protective factor.Further multivariate analysis showed the odds ratio (OR) for occlusion risk at 0 cm and 1 cm were 9.65 (P=0.033) and 8.90 (P=0.040),respectively.The RAO occurred in the ratio of the arterial diameter to the sheath diameter ≤ 1 (OR=2.45,P=0.004).Conclusions Distal puncture sites (0-1 cm away from the radius styloid process) can lead to a higher rate of RAO.

Dissociating the effects of habituation, black walls, buspirone and ethanol on anxiety-like behavioral responses in shoaling zebrafish. A 3D approach to social behavior.

Understanding the different patterns of anxiety-like behavioral responses is of great interest for pharmacological and genetic research. Here we report the effects of 3.5-hr habituation, buspirone and ethanol on those responses in shoaling zebrafish (Danio rerio). Since in these experiments we used a container with white walls, the effects of black-vs.-white walls were tested in a separate experiment. An important objective was to determine whether factors unrelated to anxiety played a role in modulating the responses. The anxiety-like behavioral responses studied here are social cohesion, distance from bottom and bottom-dwell time, radial distribution (to study thigmotaxis), transparent-wall preference (to study escape responses), locomotion and freezing. The experimental conditions yielded distinctly different response patterns. Thigmotaxis was the most obvious response to white walls and it was significantly reduced after 3.5-hr habituation. It was not affected by any of the drugs. The reduction of social cohesion after 3.5-hr habituation and in the 0.5% ethanol group was probably the most interesting effect seen in this study. A role of anxiety herein was suggested but could not be established with certainty. Other hypotheses were also discussed. The large increase of distance-from-bottom resulting in swimming close to the water surface, which occurred in both buspirone groups and in the 0.5%-ethanol group, is most likely not an anxiolytic response, because of the discrepancy with the in the literature well-established time-course and the absence of any effect of 3.5-hr habituation or black walls on vertical measures. Finally, locomotion and duration freezing could not be specifically taken as indicators for the state of anxiety and the results concerning transparent-wall preference were not sufficient clear. We conclude that the neuronal and ethological mechanisms underlying the effects of habituation, white-aversion, buspirone and ethanol on anxiety-like behavioral responses are complex and need further exploration.

Biodegradable poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres for sustained release of risperidone: Zero-order release formulation.

The preparation and investigation of sustained-release risperidone-encapsulated microspheres using erodible poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) of lower molecular weight were performed and compared to that of commercial Risperdal Consta™ for the treatment of schizophrenia. The research included screening and optimizing of suitable commercial polymers of lower molecular weight PLGA50/50 or the blends of these PLGA polymers to prepare microspheres with zero-order release kinetics properties. Solvent evaporation method was applied here while studies of the risperidone loaded microsphere were carried out on its drug encapsulation capacity, morphology, particle size, as well as in vitro release profiles. Results showed that microspheres prepared using 50504A PLGA or blends of 5050-type PLGAs exerted spherical and smooth morphology, with a higher encapsulation efficiency and nearly zero-order release kinetics. These optimized microspheres showed great potential for a better depot preparation than the marketed Risperdal Consta™, which could further improve the patient compliance.

Avastin combined with cisplan inhibits malignant ascites production in nude mice bearing transplanted ovary carcinoma with high VEGF expression / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a nude mouse model of malignant ascites with human ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCAR3 which highly expresses VEGF and evaluate the therapeutic of Avastin combined with cisplan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight nude mice with malignant ascites resulting from intraperitoneal transplantation of human ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCAR3 were treated with intraperitoneal injection of Avastin, cisplan, their combination, and PBS, respectively, to observe the effect on ascites development, VEGF content in the ascites, peritoneal permeability, development of new vessels and number of tumor cells in the ascites.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Avastin obviously inhibited ascites accumulation and peritoneal capillary permeability, reduced VEGF protein level and microvascular density in the tumor tissues and the number of red cells and tumor cells in the malignant ascites, and prolonged the survival of the mice. The combination of Avastin and cisplan further enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of Avastin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The bio-chemotherapeutic strategy with Avastin combined with cisplan can be a promising method for treatment of malignant ascites.</p>

[Effects of herb therapy for benefiting qi and removing blood stasis on ultrastructure of vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells of uterine endometrium in rabbits with copper intrauterine device].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of herb therapy for benefiting qi and removing blood stasis on ultrastructure of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of uterine endometrium in rabbits with copper intrauterine device. METHODS: Fifty-six rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups, which were normal control group, sham-operation group, untreated group, indomethacin-treated group and low-, medium- and high-dose Gonghuan Zhixueling Recipe (GHZXLR)-treated groups. The rabbits in the last five groups were operated with copper IUD insertion and then orally given distilled water, indomethacin and low-, medium- and high-dose GHZXLR respectively for at least one week. Rabbits in the normal control group and sham-operation group were given distilled water orally. The ultrastructure of VECs and VSMCs of uterine endometrium in rabbits was observed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: The morphological changes of VSMCs revealed intracellular edema, organelle disintegration and decrease of organelle amount, or cell atrophy and vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria in the untreated group, and the amount of collagen fibers also increased outside the VSMCs. Local interstitial edema in subendothelial substance and vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria in VECs were both observed. The ultrastructural damages to the mitochondria, Golgi bodies and myofilament of VECs and VSMCs and the intercellular substance in GHZXLR-treated groups were slighter than those in the untreated group, while these damages had no significant differences as compared with those in the indomethacin-treated group. CONCLUSION: The Chinese herb therapy for benefiting qi for removing blood stasis has the protective effect on VECs of uterine endometrium in the rabbits with copper intrauterine device. It appears to be a good treatment for menorrhagia induced by copper IUD insertion.

[Hemostatic and analgesic effect of Gonghuan Zhixue Tablet on mice].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the hemostatic and analgesic effect of Gonghuan Zhixue Tablet (GHZXT) on mice and to produce experimental evidence for exploiting new drug for endometrorrhagia caused by Cu-intrauterine contraceptive device (Cu-IUD). METHODS: Compared with 6-aminocaproic acid and notoginseng, the effects of GHZXT on clotting and bleeding time of mice with capillary method and severed tail were investigated; and compared with aspirin, the analgesic effects of GHZXT on mice were investigated with hot plate and torsive body method. RESULTS: The clotting time of mice was remarkably shortened with a rising of the dosage of GHZXT and the difference between each therapeutic group and distilled water group was remarkable. As compared with distilled water group, the bleeding time of each dosage group of GHZXT was obviously shortened; and each dosage of GHZXT could prolong the time of pain reaction to hot plate and decrease the degree of torsive body of the mice. CONCLUSION: Pharmacological experiment has proved that GHZXT has evident hemostatic and analgesic function.