Mumps outbreak among fully vaccinated school-age children and young adults, Portugal 2019/2020.

On 16-17 January 2020, four suspected mumps cases were reported to the local Public Health Authorities with an epidemiological link to a local school and football club. Of 18 suspected cases identified, 14 were included in this study. Laboratory results confirmed mumps virus as the cause and further sequencing identified genotype G. Our findings highlight that even with a high MMR vaccine coverage, mumps outbreaks in children and young adults can occur. Since most of the cases had documented immunity for mumps, we hypothesise that waning immunity or discordant mumps virus strains are likely explanations for this outbreak.

Nivel de conocimientos y prácticas del profesional de enfermería en la administración de medicamentos parenterales en el servicio de Urgencias del Hospital General Materno Infantil San Pablo; año 2019 / Nivel de conocimientos y prácticas del profesional de enfermería en la administración de medicamentos parenterales en el servicio de Urgencias del Hospital General Materno Infantil San Pablo año 2019 / Level of knowledge and practices of the nursing professional in the administration of parenteral drugs in the Emergency Department of the Hospital General Materno Infantil San Pablo; year 2019 / Level of knowledge and practices of the nursing professional in the administration of parenteral drugs in the Emergency Department of the Hospital General Materno Infantil San Pablo; year 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación fue Identificar el Nivel de conocimientos y prácticas del profesional de enfermería en la administración de medicamentos parenterales en el servicio de Urgencias del Hospital General Materno Infantil San Pablo, 2019. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en el Hospital General Materno Infantil San Pablo, la muestra estuvo conformada por profesionales de enfermería en el servicio de Urgencias de los diferentes turnos. Se utilizó como técnica la encuesta y como instrumento de estudio el cuestionario. Los resultados se presentaron en gráficos, en cuanto al conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería sobre la administración de medicamentos parenterales. Se concluye que los profesionales de enfermería del área de urgencias poseen bastante conocimiento y prácticas sobre la administración de medicamentos parenterales.

The objective of this research was to identify the level of knowledge and practices of the nursing professional in the administration of parenteral medications in the Emergency Department of the Hospital General Materno Infantil San Pablo, 2019. A descriptive crosssectional study was carried out at the Hospital General Materno Infantil San Pablo, the sample was made up of nursing professionals in the Emergency service of the different shifts. The survey was used as a technique and the questionnaire as a study instrument. The results were presented in graphs, regarding the knowledge of nursing professionals about the administration of parenteral drugs. It is concluded that nursing professionals in the emergency area have enough knowledge and practices on the administration of parenteral drugs.

Selective methods for polyphenols and sulphur dioxide determination in wines.

A critical review to the methods recommended by international bodies and widely used in the winery industry and research studies was performed. A Laccase biosensor was applied to the selective determination of polyphenols in wines. The biosensor response was characterised and it responds mainly to o-diphenols which are the principal polyphenols responsible for the stability and sensory qualities of wines. The spectrophotometric method to determine free and total sulphur dioxide recommended for beers was applied directly to wines. A sampling of 14 red and white wines was performed and they were analysed for biosensor polyphenol index (IBP) and sulphur dioxide concentration (SO2). The antioxidant capacity by the ABTS(+) spectrophotometric method was also determined. A correlation study was performed to elucidate the influence of the polyphenols and SO2 on the wines stability. High correlations were found between IBP and antioxidant capacity and low correlation between SO2 and antioxidant capacity. To evaluate the benefits of wine drinking a new parameter (IBP/SO2) is proposed.

Mayan Children's Creation of Learning Ecologies by Initiative and Cooperative Action.

This chapter examines Mayan children's initiatives in creating their own learning environments in collaboration with others as they engage in culturally relevant endeavors of family and community life. To this end, I carry out a fine-grained ethnographic and linguistic analysis of the interactional emergence of learning ecologies. Erickson defines learning ecology as a socioecological system where participants mutually influence one another through verbal and nonverbal actions, as well as through other forms of semiotic communication (2010, 254). In analyzing learning ecologies, I adopt a "theory of action" approach, taking into account multimodal communication (e.g., talk, gesture, gaze, body positioning), participants' sociospatial organization, embodied action, objects, tools, and other culturally relevant materials brought together to build action (Goodwin, 2000, 2013; Hutchins, 1995). I use microethnographic analysis (Erickson, 1992) to bring to the surface central aspects of children's agentive roles in learning through "cooperative actions" (Goodwin, 2013) and "hands-on" experience (Ingold, 2007) the skills of competent members of their community. I examine three distinct Learning Ecologies created by children's initiatives among the Mayan children that I observed: (i) children requesting guidance to collaborate in a task, (ii) older children working on their own initiative with subsequent monitoring and correction from competent members, and (iii) children with near competence in a task with occasional monitoring and no guidance. I argue that these findings enrich and add power to models of family- and community-based learning such as Learning by Observing and Pitching In (Rogoff, 2014).

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy subsyndromes: family studies and long-term follow-up.

The 2001 classification subcommittee of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) proposed to 'group JME, juvenile absence epilepsy, and epilepsy with tonic clonic seizures only under the sole heading of idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE) with variable phenotype'. The implication is that juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) does not exist as the sole phenotype of family members and that it should no longer be classified by itself or considered a distinct disease entity. Although recognized as a common form of epilepsy and presumed to be a lifelong trait, a long-term follow-up of JME has not been performed. To address these two issues, we studied 257 prospectively ascertained JME patients and encountered four groups: (i) classic JME (72%), (ii) CAE (childhood absence epilepsy) evolving to JME (18%), (iii) JME with adolescent absence (7%), and (iv) JME with astatic seizures (3%). We examined clinical and EEG phenotypes of family members and assessed clinical course over a mean of 11 +/- 6 years and as long as 52 years. Forty per cent of JME families had JME as their sole clinical phenotype. Amongst relatives of classic JME families, JME was most common (40%) followed by grand mal (GM) only (35%). In contrast, 66% of families with CAE evolving to JME expressed the various phenotypes of IGE in family members. Absence seizures were more common in family members of CAE evolving to JME than in those of classic JME families (P < 0.001). Female preponderance, maternal transmission and poor response to treatment further characterized CAE evolving to JME. Only 7% of those with CAE evolving to JME were seizure-free compared with 58% of those with classic JME (P < 0.001), 56% with JME plus adolescent pyknoleptic absence and 62% with JME plus astatic seizures. Long-term follow-up (1-40 years for classic JME; 5-52 years for CAE evolving to JME, 5-26 years for JME with adolescent absence and 3-18 years for JME with astatic seizures) indicates that all subsyndromes are chronic and perhaps lifelong. Seven chromosome loci, three epilepsy-causing mutations and two genes with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associating with JME reported in literature provide further evidence for JME as a distinct group of diseases.