SARS-CoV-2 surveillance strategy in essential workers of the Madrid City Council during the first epidemic wave in Spain, March-July 2020.

OBJECTIVES: To study prevalence of infection in essential workers of Madrid City Council by occupation, related characteristics, use of protective devices, risk perception, and main concerns about COVID-19 during lockdown. METHODS: A total of 30 231 workers were PCR tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Information was collected on COVID-19-related symptoms, risk factors, preventive equipment, and risk perception. The crude prevalence was calculated for infection, use of protective devices, perceived risk and main concerns. Additionally, adjusted prevalence and prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated for these variables using logistic regression models with age, gender, occupation, epidemiological week and laboratory as confounding factors. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of infection was 3.2% (95% CI 3.0% to 3.4%), being higher among policemen (4.4%) and bus drivers (4.2%), but lower among emergency healthcare personnel, firefighters, food market workers and burial services (<2%). Lower excess risk was observed in workers reporting occupational contact with COVID-19 cases only (PR=1.42; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.71) compared with household exposure only (PR=2.75; 95% CI 2.32 to 3.25). Infection was more frequent in symptomatic workers (PR=1.28; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.48), although 42% of detected infections were asymptomatic. Use of facial masks (78.7%) and disinfectants (86.3%) was common and associated with lower infection prevalence (PRmasks=0.68; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.79; PRdisinfectants=0.75; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.91). Over 50% of workers felt being at high risk of infection and worried about infecting others, yet only 2% considered quitting their work. CONCLUSIONS: This surveillance system allowed for detecting and isolating SARS-CoV-2 cases among essential workers, identifying characteristics related to infection and use of protective devices, and revealing specific needs for work-safety information and psychological support.

Ingesta de alimentos, energía y nutrientes en la población de 5 a 12 años de la Comunidad de Madrid: resultados de la encuesta de nutrición infantil 2001-2002 / Food, energy and nutrient intake in children aged 5-12 in the autonomous community of Madrid, Spain: results of the 2001/2002 children’s nutrition survey

Fundamento: Para conocer la situación alimentaria y nutricionalen la población infantil, sobre la que no existía información actualizada,el Instituto de Salud Pública desarrolló la Encuesta de NutriciónInfantil de la Comunidad de Madrid 2001/2002 (ENICM). En estetrabajo se analiza la ENICM para describir y evaluar la ingesta de alimentos,energía y nutrientes en esta población.Métodos: Estudio transversal sobre una muestra representativa dela población de 5-12 años de la Comunidad de Madrid. La informaciónalimentaria se recogió en 2001 y 2002 mediante dos recuerdos de24 horas. Se ha estudiado la ingesta total diaria de alimentos, energíay nutrientes. Los análisis incluyen los 1.852 niños con informacióncompleta en los dos recuerdos (90,8% de las entrevistas realizadas).Resultados: La ingesta media total diaria de alimentos es1.460,7 gramos/persona/día. Salvo para los lácteos, huevos y aceites,la ingesta en los grupos alimentarios básicos es inadecuada, particularmentebaja en las frutas frescas, verduras y hortalizas. La ingestamedia energética y nutricional resultante es 1.905,9 kcal/persona/día;43,6% hidratos de carbono; 17,4% proteínas, 39,0% lípidos (13,3%grasas saturadas, 16,8% monoinsaturadas, 5,0% poliinsaturadas);363,8 mg de colesterol; 13,6 g de fibra e ingestas por debajo de lasrecomendadas de zinc, ácido fólico, vitaminas D y E (ambos sexos) yhierro y vitamina B6 (niñas).Conclusiones: La dieta de la población infantil de la Comunidadde Madrid presenta desequilibrios que es necesario mejorar: ingestainadecuada de alimentos básicos, exceso de proteínas, grasas saturadasy colesterol y déficit de hidratos de carbono, fibra y algunosmicronutrientes(AU)

Backgound: In order to ascertain the food intake and nutritionalsituation of the children of the Community of Madrid, on which noupdated information was available, the Institute of Public Healthconducted the 2001/2001 Children’s Nutrition Survey of theCommunity of Madrid (CNSCM). This study offers an analysis of theCNSCM that describes and evaluates the food, energy and nutrientintake of this segment of the population.Methods: Cross-sectional survey on a representative sample ofchildren aged 5-12 years from the Community of Madrid. Dietrelatedinformation was collected in 2001 and 2002 by means of two24-hour recalls. Total daily food, energy and nutrient intake werestudied. The analysis included only the 1852 children who hadcompleted both 24-h recalls (90.8% of all interviews).Results: The average daily food intake is 1460.7grams/person/day. Except for dairy products, eggs and oils, intakefrom the basic food groups is inadequate, and is particularly low forfresh fruits, green leafy vegetables and garden vegetables in general.The resulting average energy and nutrition intake is 1905.9kcal/person/day; 43.6% carbohydrates, 17.4% proteins, 39.0% fats(13.3% saturated fats, 16.8% monosaturated fats, 5.0%polyunsaturated fats); 363.8 mg cholesterol, 13.6 g of fiber and lowerthan recommended intakes of zinc, folic acid, vitamins D and E (bothsexes) and iron and vitamin B6 (girls).Conclusions: The diet of the children of the Community ofMadrid shows a number of imbalances that should be improved:inadequate intake from basic food groups; excess of proteins,saturated fats and cholesterol; and a deficit of carbohydrates, fiberand certain micronutrients(AU)

[Food, energy and nutrient intake in children aged 5-12 in the autonomous community of Madrid, Spain: results of the 2001/2002 Children's Nutrition Survey]. / Ingesta de alimentos, energía y nutrientes en la poblacion de 5 a 12 años de la comunidad de Madrid: resultados de la encuesta de nutricion infantil 2001-2002.

BACKGROUND: [corrected] In order to ascertain the food intake and nutritional situation of the children of the Community of Madrid, on which no updated information was available, the Institute of Public Health conducted the 2001/2001 Children's Nutrition Survey of the Community of Madrid (CNSCM). This study offers an analysis of the CNSCM that describes and evaluates the food, energy and nutrient intake of this segment of the population. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey on a representative sample of children aged 5-12 years from the Community of Madrid. Diet-related information was collected in 2001 and 2002 by means of two 24-hour recalls. Total daily food, energy and nutrient intake were studied. The analysis included only the 1852 children who had completed both 24-h recalls (90.8% of all interviews). RESULTS: The average daily food intake is 1460.7 grams/person/day. Except for dairy products, eggs and oils, intake from the basic food groups is inadequate, and is particularly low for fresh fruits, green leafy vegetables and garden vegetables in general. The resulting average energy and nutrition intake is 1905.9 kcal/person/day; 43.6% carbohydrates, 17.4% proteins, 39.0% fats (13.3% saturated fats, 16.8% monosaturated fats, 5.0% polyunsaturated fats); 363.8 mg cholegterol, 13.6 g of fiber and lower than recommended intakes of zinc, folic acid, vitamins D and E (both sexes) and iron and vitamin B6 (girls). CONCLUSIONS: The diet of the children of the Community of Madrid shows a number of imbalances that should be improved: inadequate intake from basic food groups; excess of proteins, saturated fats and cholesterol; and a deficit of carbohydrates, fiber and certain micronutrients.