RESUMEN
A novel reassortant highly pathogenic H5N6 influenza virus was isolated from waterfowl in South Korea in 2016. Seven genes of this virus originated from an H5N6 virus from China, whereas the remaining gene, PB1, was from an unknown virus. This virus productively infected pigs, which showed viral shedding through their noses and developed severe interstitial pneumonia.
Asunto(s)
Anseriformes , Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Virus de la Influenza A/patogenicidad , Gripe Aviar/virología , Animales , Gripe Aviar/epidemiología , Virus Reordenados , República de Corea/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Aquatic birds are known to harbor all the known influenza A viruses. In the winter of January 2016, we surveyed influenza A virus in the feces of migratory birds in South Korea. The novel re-assorted H11N9 avian influenza virus, which contains genes from avian influenza viruses of poultry and wild birds, was isolated. The polymerase basic 2 (PB2), polymerase basic 1 (PB1), hemagglutinin (HA), and nucleoprotein (NP) genes were most closely related to those of domestic duck-origin avian influenza viruses, while the non-structural (NS) gene was closely related to that of domestic goose-origin avian influenza virus. The polymerase acidic (PA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix (M) genes were most similar to those of wild bird-origin avian influenza viruses. Our results suggested that the interaction between wild birds and domestic poultry could possibly create novel re-assorted avian influenza viruses circulating in wild birds.
Asunto(s)
Anseriformes/virología , Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Virus de la Influenza A/aislamiento & purificación , Gripe Aviar/virología , Virus Reordenados/genética , Virus Reordenados/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Animales Salvajes/virología , Glicoproteínas Hemaglutininas del Virus de la Influenza/genética , Virus de la Influenza A/clasificación , Virus de la Influenza A/fisiología , Filogenia , Virus Reordenados/clasificación , República de CoreaRESUMEN
Mast cells reside in many tissues, including the lungs, and might play a role in enhancing influenza virus infections in animals. In this study, we cultured porcine mast cells from porcine bone marrow cells with IL-3 and stem cell factor to study the infectivity and activation of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus of swine origin. Porcine mast cells were infected with H1N1 influenza virus, without the subsequent production of infectious viruses but were activated, as indicated by the release of histamines. Inflammatory cytokine- and chemokine-encoding genes, including IL-1α, IL-6, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, were upregulated in the infected porcine mast cells. Our results suggest that mast cells could be involved in enhancing influenza-virus-mediated disease in infected animals.
Asunto(s)
Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Histamina/metabolismo , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/fisiología , Mastocitos/metabolismo , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/metabolismo , Animales , Línea Celular , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/virología , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virologíaAsunto(s)
Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/virología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Asia/epidemiología , Secuencia de Bases , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Perros , Humanos , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/aislamiento & purificación , Gripe Humana/virología , Células de Riñón Canino Madin Darby , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/epidemiología , ARN Viral/genética , Virus Reordenados/genética , República de Corea/epidemiología , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiología , Carga ViralRESUMEN
We isolated a serotype H3N2 influenza virus from a dog with severe respiratory distress in an animal clinic in South Korea in 2015 and characterized the sequences of its eight genes. The following seven genes were derived from canine influenza virus: PB2, PB1, HA, NP, NA, M, and NS. However, the PA gene was derived from avian H9N2 influenza virus that is circulating in poultry in Korea. These findings suggest that the continued surveillance of the influenza virus in dogs is warranted because humans have close contact with dogs, which may promote viral transmission.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/virología , Genes Virales , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/aislamiento & purificación , Subtipo H9N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinaria , Animales , Perros , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/clasificación , Subtipo H9N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/clasificación , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/virología , Filogenia , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN/genética , República de Corea , Proteínas Virales/genéticaRESUMEN
The concept of using high-dose immunosuppressive treatment (HDIT) with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) to treat patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis has been provided by animal studies and anecdotal case reports. Over the past five years, an increasing number of patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis have received HDIT with ASCT as an adjunct to intense immunosuppression. Here, we present a case of refractory rheumatoid arthritis in a 54-yr-old woman using HDIT with ASCT. Peripheral blood stem cells were mobilized with cyclophosphamide (4 g/m(2)) followed by G-CSF (5 microg/kg/day). Leukapheresis continued daily until the number of harvested progenitor cells reached 2 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg after CliniMax CD34+ positive selection. For HDIT, high-dose cyclophosphamide (total dose 200 mg/kg) and antithymocyte globulin (total dose 90 mg/kg) were administered and CD34+ cells were infused 24 hr after HDIT. The patient tolerated the treatment well but experienced an episode of neutropenic fever. She achieved an early dramatic improvement of joint symptoms during therapy. Fifty percent of improvement of rheumatoid arthritis by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR 50) preliminary definition was fulfilled during the 6 months following ASCT. Although further long-term follow-up is required, the patient's activity of arthritis has been stable since receiving HDIT with ASCT.