RESUMEN
The demand for advanced interconnects to satisfy market requirements on bandwidth, cost, and power is ever increasing with the expansion of data centers. An interconnect called E-TUBE is presented as a cost-and-power-efficient all-electrical-domain wideband waveguide solution for high-speed high-volume short-reach communication links. The E-TUBE achieves an unprecedented level of throughput-distance product, bending radius, and channel density without requiring complex manufacturing process. The E-TUBE link demonstrates nearly 25 GHz bandwidth at a carrier frequency of 70 GHz and exhibits a frequency-independent insertion loss of 5 dB/m with a frequency-independent group delay of 4 ns/m. Such loss and delay characteristics independent of frequency enabled broadband data transmission over extended reach compared to conventional waveguide links. The E-TUBE link transmits 25 Gbps NRZ data over 3 m distance using a 70 GHz RF CMOS transceiver IC, which is the state-of-the-art throughput-reach product. This new interconnect is expected to overcome the limitations of existing electrical and optical interconnects and to replace them in high throughput links, including but not limited to, 100/400 Gbps board-to-board communications.
RESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to determine whether a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)-8, -9, -10, -12, -15 and -17 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-1 are involved in the remodelling process of the mouse uterus during the oestrous cycle. The mRNA expression of ADAM was observed in all uterine tissues throughout the entire cycle. The levels of ADAM-8 mRNA were maximal at pro-oestrus, whereas the expression of ADAM-9 and ADAMTS-1 mRNA was maximal at oestrus. The minimum mRNA level of all ADAM genes always occurred at dioestrus. The mRNA levels of ADAM-10, -12, -15 and -17 did not vary significantly, regardless of the stage of the oestrous cycle. Immunoblot analyses demonstrated the presence of all ADAM proteins throughout the cycle. In terms of protein intensities, ADAM-8, -12 and -17 were maximal at pro-oestrus, whereas ADAM-10 and ADAMTS-1 were maximal at metoestrus and ADAM-9 was maximal at oestrus. Regardless of the ADAM species, minimal protein expression always occurred at dioestrus. Immunohistochemical studies showed ADAM protein expression in luminal and glandular epithelial layers, but not in the stromal layer. Moreover, ADAM proteins were found to be heterogeneously localised and their individual localisations depended on the stage of the oestrous cycle. From these observations, we suggest that the ADAM genes play an important role in mouse uterine tissue remodelling during the oestrous cycle.
