In-situ and wavelength-dependent photocatalytic strain evolution of a single Au nanoparticle on a TiO2 film.

Photocatalysis is a promising technique due to its capacity to efficiently harvest solar energy and its potential to address the global energy crisis. However, the structure-activity relationships of photocatalyst during wavelength-dependent photocatalytic reactions remains largely unexplored because it is difficult to measure under operating conditions. Here we show the photocatalytic strain evolution of a single Au nanoparticle (AuNP) supported on a TiO2 film by combining three-dimensional (3D) Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging with an external light source. The wavelength-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has significant effects on the structural deformation of the AuNP, leading to its strain evolution. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to rationalize the induced strain caused by the adsorption of ROS on the AuNP surface. These observations provide insights of how the photocatalytic activity impacts on the structural deformation of AuNP, contributing to the general understanding of the atomic-level catalytic adsorption process.

Oxygen-enriching triphase platform for reliable sensing of femtomolar Alzheimer's neurofilament lights.

Accurate quantification of neurofilament lights (NfLs), a prognostic blood biomarker, is highly required to predict neurodegeneration in the presymptomatic stages of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we report self-oxygen-enriching coral structures with triphase interfaces for the label-free photocathodic detection of NfLs in blood plasma with femtomolar sensitivities and high reliability. In conventional photocathodic immunoassays, the poor solubility and sluggish diffusion rate of the dissolved oxygen serving as electron acceptors have necessitated the incorporation of additional electron acceptors or aeration procedures. To address the challenge, we designed the coral-like copper bismuth oxides (CBO) with robust solid-liquid-air contact boundaries that enrich the interfacial oxygen levels without an external aeration source. By optimally assembling the perfluorododecyltrichlorosilane (FTCS) and platinum (Pt) co-catalysts into the silver-doped CBO (Ag:CBO), the stable solid-liquid-air contact boundaries were formed within the sensor interfaces, which allowed for the abundant supply of air phase oxygen through an air pocket connected to the atmosphere. The Pt/FTCS-Ag:CBO exhibited the stable background signals independent of the dissolved oxygen fluctuations and amplified photocurrent signals by 1.76-fold, which were attributed to the elevated interfacial oxygen levels and 11.15 times-lowered mass transport resistance. Under the illumination of white light-emitting diode, the oxygen-enriching photocathodic sensor composed of Pt/FTCS-Ag:CBO conjugated with NfLs-specific antibodies precisely quantified the NfLs in plasma with a low coefficient of variation (≤2.97%), a high degree of recovery (>97.0%), and a limit of detection of 40.38 fg/mL, which was 140 times lower than the typical photocathodic sensor with diphase interfaces.

Transferrin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for the isolation of brain-derived blood exosomal MicroRNAs: A novel approach for Parkinson's disease diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: Brain-derived exosomes circulate in the bloodstream and other bodily fluids, serving as potential indicators of neurological disease progression. These exosomes present a promising avenue for the early and precise diagnosis of neurodegenerative conditions. Notably, miRNAs found in plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer distinct diagnostic benefits due to their stability, abundance, and resistance to breakdown. RESULTS: In this study, we introduce a method using transferrin conjugated magnetic nanoparticles (TMNs) to isolate these exosomes from the plasma of patients with neurological disorders. This TMNs technique is both quick (<35 min) and cost-effective, requiring no high-priced ingredients or elaborate equipment for EV extraction. Our method successfully isolated EVs from 33 human plasma samples, including those from patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Dementia. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, we evaluated the potential of 8 exosomal miRNA profiles as biomarker candidates. Six exosomal miRNA biomarkers (miR-195-5p, miR-495-3p, miR-23b-3P, miR-30c-2-3p, miR-323a-3p, and miR-27a-3p) were consistently linked with all stages of PD. SIGNIFICANCE: The TMNs method provides a practical, cost-efficient way to isolate EVs from biological samples, paving the way for non-invasive neurological diagnoses. Furthermore, the identified miRNA biomarkers in these exosomes may emerge as innovative tools for precise diagnosis in neurological disorders including PD.

Prognosis of spread through air spaces in invasive mucinous lung adenocarcinoma after curative surgery.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic impact of spread through air spaces (STAS) in invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2015 to 2019, patients who underwent complete resection of IMA were extracted from the prospective database. Multivariable Cox-regression analysis and inverse probability of treatment weight (IPTW) - adjusted log-rank test for 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) were performed. RESULTS: STAS was observed in 39.1% (53 out of 133). The STAS (+) group shows larger tumor size (2.9 ± 2.4 cm vs 3.8 ± 2.4 cm, p = 0.031) and higher incidence of lympho-vascular invasion (6 [7.5%] vs 18 [34.0%], p < 00.001) compared to the STAS (-) group. The 5-year RFS was 66.1% in the STAS (+) group and 91.8% in the STAS (-) group (p < 00.001), and the incidence of locoregional recurrence was significantly higher in the STAS (+) group than the STAS (-) group (1 [1.2%] vs 12 [22.6%], p < 00.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that STAS was associated with poor prognosis for all-recurrence (hazard ratio 2.81, 95% confidence interval 1.01-7.81, p = 0.048). After IPTW adjustment, 5-year RFS was 66.3% in the STAS (+) group and 92.9% in the STAS (-) group (p = 0.007), and risk for locoregional recurrence was greater in the STAS (+) group than the STAS (-) group (1.1 [0.9%] vs 20.8 [16.6%], p < 00.001). CONCLUSIONS: STAS showed negative prognostic impact on all-recurrence, especially due to locoregional recurrence, after curative resection of IMA.

Biporous silica nanostructure-induced nanovortex in microfluidics for nucleic acid enrichment, isolation, and PCR-free detection.

Efficient pathogen enrichment and nucleic acid isolation are critical for accurate and sensitive diagnosis of infectious diseases, especially those with low pathogen levels. Our study introduces a biporous silica nanofilms-embedded sample preparation chip for pathogen and nucleic acid enrichment/isolation. This chip features unique biporous nanostructures comprising large and small pore layers. Computational simulations confirm that these nanostructures enhance the surface area and promote the formation of nanovortex, resulting in improved capture efficiency. Notably, the chip demonstrates a 100-fold lower limit of detection compared to conventional methods used for nucleic acid detection. Clinical validations using patient samples corroborate the superior sensitivity of the chip when combined with the luminescence resonance energy transfer assay. The enhanced sample preparation efficiency of the chip, along with the facile and straightforward synthesis of the biporous nanostructures, offers a promising solution for polymer chain reaction-free detection of nucleic acids.

The Optimal Treatment Strategy for Postoperative Anastomotic Leakage After Esophagectomy: a Comparative Analysis Between Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy and Conventional Treatment.

BACKGROUND: We compared the clinical outcomes between endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) and conventional treatment (CT) for the management of post-esophagectomy anastomotic leakage. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records of patients who underwent esophagectomy with esophagogastrostomy from November 2003 to August 2021 was conducted. Thirty-four patients who developed anastomotic leakage were analyzed according to whether they underwent CT (n = 13) or EVT (n = 21). RESULTS: The median time to complete healing was significantly shorter in the EVT group than in the CT group (16 [4-142] days vs. 70 [8-604] days; p = 0.011). The rate of clinical success was higher in the EVT group (90.5%) than in the CT group (66.7%, p = 0.159). A subgroup analysis showed more favorable outcomes for EVT in patients with thoracic leakage, including a higher clinical success rate (p = 0.037), more rapid complete healing (p = 0.004), and shorter hospital stays (p = 0.006). However, the results were not significantly different in patients with cervical leakage. Anastomotic strictures occurred in 3 EVT patients (14.3%) and 5 CT patients (50.0%) (p = 0.044), and the EVT group showed a trend towards improved freedom from anastomotic strictures (p = 0.105). CONCLUSIONS: EVT could be considered as an adequate treatment option for post-esophagectomy anastomotic leakage. EVT might have better clinical outcomes compared to CT for managing anastomotic leakage after transthoracic esophagogastrostomy, and further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of EVT in patients who undergo cervical esophagogastrostomy.

Surgical outcomes of thoracoscopic thymectomy via the single-port subxiphoid approach versus the unilateral intercostal approach.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore the safety and feasibility of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) total thymectomy via the single-port subxiphoid approach compared with the intercostal approach. METHODS: From January 2018 to May 2022, patients who underwent VATS total thymectomy via the subxiphoid or unilateral intercostal approach and diagnosed with Masaoka-Koga stage I-II, non-myasthenic thymoma were included in this study. Perioperative outcomes, immediate and long-term pain evaluations were compared in a propensity score-matching analysis. RESULTS: In total, 95 patients were included and underwent the subxiphoid approach (n = 37) and the intercostal approach (n = 58). Propensity score yielded 2 well-matched cohorts of 30 patients and there was no significant demographical imbalance between the 2 groups. Compared with the intercostal approach, the subxiphoid group demonstrated favourable perioperative outcomes including the intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.025) and the median duration of hospital stay (P = 0.083). The immediate and long-term pain evaluations revealed that the subxiphoid group reported lower visual analogue scales at postoperative 24 h and lower total doses of fentanyl bolus infusions during hospitalization (P = 0.004 and 0.018, respectively), along with lower long-term neuropathic pain scale scores (P = 0.005) than patients in the intercostal group. CONCLUSIONS: VATS thymectomy via the single-port subxiphoid approach showed favourable perioperative outcomes compared to the intercostal approach. Moreover, the subxiphoid approach seemed both to cause minimal immediate postoperative pain and to have advantages in reducing long-term neuropathic pain compared with the intercostal approach.

A Mechanically Resilient and Tissue-Conformable Hydrogel with Hemostatic and Antibacterial Capabilities for Wound Care.

Hydrogels are used in wound dressings because of their tissue-like softness and biocompatibility. However, the clinical translation of hydrogels remains challenging because of their long-term stability, water swellability, and poor tissue adhesiveness. Here, tannic acid (TA) is introduced into a double network (DN) hydrogel consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to realize a tough, self-healable, nonswellable, conformally tissue-adhesive, hemostatic, and antibacterial hydrogel. The TA within the DN hydrogel forms a dynamic network, enabling rapid self-healing (within 5 min) and offering effective energy dissipation for toughness and viscoelasticity. Furthermore, the hydrophobic moieties of TA provide a water-shielding effect, rendering the hydrogel nonswellable. A simple chemical modification to the hydrogel further strengthens its interfacial adhesion with tissues (shear strength of ≈31 kPa). Interestingly, the TA also can serve as an effective hemostatic (blood-clotting index of 58.40 ± 1.5) and antibacterial component, which are required for a successful wound dressing. The antibacterial effects of the hydrogel are tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, the hydrogel is prepared in patch form and applied to a mouse model to test in vivo biocompatibility and hemostatic performances.

Photosensitizing deep-seated cancer cells with photoprotein-conjugated upconversion nanoparticles.

To resolve the problem of target specificity and light transmission to deep-seated tissues in photodynamic therapy (PDT), we report a cancer cell-targeted photosensitizer using photoprotein-conjugated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with high target specificity and efficient light transmission to deep tissues. Core-shell UCNPs with low internal energy back transfer were conjugated with recombinant proteins that consists of a photosensitizer (KillerRed; KR) and a cancer cell-targeted lead peptide (LP). Under near infrared (NIR)-irradiating condition, the UCNP-KR-LP generated superoxide anion radicals as reactive oxygen species via NIR-to-green light conversion and exhibited excellent specificity to target cancer cells through receptor-mediated cell adhesion. Consequently, this photosensitizing process facilitated rapid cell death in cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and U-87MG) overexpressing integrin beta 1 (ITGB1) receptors but not in a cell line (SK-BR-3) with reduced ITGB1 expression and a non-invasive normal breast cell line (MCF-10A). In contrast to green light irradiation, NIR light irradiation exhibited significant PDT efficacy in cancer cells located beneath porcine skin tissues up to a depth of 10 mm, as well as in vivo tumor xenograft mouse models. This finding suggests that the designed nanocomposite is useful for sensing and targeting various deep-seated tumors.

Computational Prediction of Stacking Mode in Conductive Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks: An Exploration of Chemical and Electrical Property Changes.

Conductive two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (2D MOFs) have attracted interest as they induce strong charge delocalization and improve charge carrier mobility and concentration. However, characterizing their stacking mode depends on expensive and time-consuming experimental measurements. Here, we construct a potential energy surface (PES) map database for 36 2D MOFs using density functional theory (DFT) for the experimentally synthesized and non-synthesized 2D MOFs to predict their stacking mode. The DFT PES results successfully predict the experimentally synthesized stacking mode with an accuracy of 92.9% and explain the coexistence mechanism of dual stacking modes in a single compound. Furthermore, we analyze the chemical (i.e., host-guest interaction) and electrical (i.e., electronic structure) property changes affected by stacking mode. The DFT results show that the host-guest interaction can be enhanced by the transition from AA to AB stacking, taking H2S gas as a case study. The electronic band structure calculation confirms that as AB stacking displacement increases, the in-plane charge transport pathway is reduced while the out-of-plane charge transport pathway is maintained or even increased. These results indicate that there is a trade-off between chemical and electrical properties in accordance with the stacking mode.

A local water molecular-heating strategy for near-infrared long-lifetime imaging-guided photothermal therapy of glioblastoma.

Owing to the strong absorption of water in the near-infrared (NIR) region near 1.0 µm, this wavelength is considered unsuitable as an imaging and analytical signal in biological environments. However, 1.0 µm NIR can be converted into heat and used as a local water-molecular heating strategy for the photothermal therapy of biological tissues. Herein, we describe a Nd-Yb co-doped nanomaterial (water-heating nanoparticles (NPs)) as strong 1.0 µm emissive NPs to target the absorption band of water. Furthermore, introducing Tm ions into the water-heating NPs improve the NIR lifetime, enabling the development of a NIR imaging-guided water-heating probe (water-heating NIR NPs). In the glioblastoma multiforme male mouse model, tumor-targeted water-heating NIR NPs reduce the tumor volume by 78.9% in the presence of high-resolution intracranial NIR long-lifetime imaging. Hence, water-heating NIR NPs can be used as a promising nanomaterial for imaging and photothermal ablation in deep-tissue-bearing tumor therapy.

On-Site Remote Monitoring System with NIR Signal-Based Detection of Infectious Disease Virus in Opaque Salivary Samples.

Infectious disease viruses, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), are highly contagious viruses that cause significant socioeconomic damage upon spreading. Developing an on-site diagnostic tool for early clinical detection and real-time surveillance of FMDV outbreaks is essential to prevent the further spread of the disease. However, early diagnosis of FMDV is still challenging due to the limited sensitivity and time-consuming manual result entry of commercial on-site tests for salivary samples. Here, we report a near-infrared (NIR) signal nanoprobe-based highly accurate detection and remote monitoring system toward FMDVs, which automates the analysis and reporting of diagnosis data. The NIR signal lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) was assembled with a nanoprobe with a stable emission intensity at 800 nm, minimizing the interference signal of opaque salivary samples. We investigated the clinical applicability of the NIR signal LFA at biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) laboratories using 147 opaque salivary samples. The NIR signal LFA achieved a 32-fold lower limit of detection (LOD) than a commercial LFA in detecting live FMDVs, including all isolates occurring in the Republic of Korea during 2010-2017. Our results showed that the NIR signal LFA successfully discriminated the FMDV-positive clinical salivary samples from healthy controls with a sensitivity of 96.9%, specificity of 100.0%, and AUC (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve) value of 0.999. Finally, we substantiated the real-time collection of diagnostic results using a customized portable NIR reader at nine different laboratories of government-certified quarantine institutions for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD).

On-site bioaerosol sampling and detection in microfluidic platforms.

As the recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and several severe illnesses such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Influenza A virus (IAV) flu, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) have been found to be airborne, the importance of monitoring bioaerosols for the control and prevention of airborne epidemic diseases outbreaks is increasing. However, current aerosol collection and detection technologies may be limited to on-field use for real-time monitoring because of the relatively low concentrations of targeted bioaerosols in air samples. Microfluidic devices have been used as lab-on-a-chip platforms and exhibit outstanding capabilities in airborne particulate collection, sample processing, and target molecule analysis, thereby highlighting their potential for on-site bioaerosol monitoring. This review discusses the measurement of airborne microorganisms from air samples, including sources and transmission of bioaerosols, sampling strategies, and analytical methodologies. Recent advancements in microfluidic platforms have focused on bioaerosol sample preparation strategies, such as sorting, concentrating, and extracting, as well as rapid and field-deployable detection methods for analytes on microfluidic chips. Furthermore, we discuss an integrated platform for on-site bioaerosol analyses. We believe that our review significantly contributes to the literature as it assists in bridging the knowledge gaps in bioaerosol monitoring using microfluidic platforms.

Temperature-Dependent n-to-p-Type Transition of 2D Mn Oxide Nanosheets toward NO2 for Flexible Gas Sensor Application.

Rapid and on-site detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is important for environmental monitoring as NO2 is a highly toxic chemical emitted from automobiles and power plants. In this study, we proposed atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) Mn oxide nanosheets (NSs) assembled on a flexible heating substrate for application in flexible and wearable NO2 sensors. A liquid-phase exfoliation technique was used to obtain individual Mn oxide layers that formed a homogeneous suspension. A flexible heater was fabricated by partially embedding Ag nanotubes (NTs) on the surface of a colorless polyimide (CPI) film for use as a sensor substrate. Temperature-dependent NO2 sensing properties were investigated via control of the operating temperature using a Ag NT-embedded CPI heating film. As a result, the n-type sensing behavior of the Mn oxide NSs exhibited a response [(Rgas - Rair)/Rair × 100 (%)] of 1.20 ± 0.21% for 20 ppm NO2 at room temperature (25 °C). Meanwhile, n-p transition occurred with p-type sensing property as the operating temperature increased to 150 °C with an improved response [(Rair - Rgas)/Rair × 100 (%)] of 4.10 ± 0.42% for 20 ppm NO2. The characteristic n-p transition of Mn oxide NSs at different operating temperatures was evidenced by the surface-adsorbed oxygen ions (i.e., O2- and O-) and nitrate species (NO3- and NO32-).

Effect of surface treatment on shear bond strength of relining material and 3D-printed denture base.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the shear bond strength between the 3D-printed denture base and the chairside relining material, according to the surface treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cylindrical specimens were prepared using DENTCA Denture Base II. The experimental groups were divided into 6 (n = 10): no surface treatment (C), Tokuyama Rebase II Normal adhesive (A), sandblasting (P), sandblasting and adhesive (PA), sandblasting and silane (PS), and the Rocatec system (PPS). After bonding the chairside relining material to the center of the specimens in a cylindrical shape, they were stored in distilled water for 24 hours. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and failure mode was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope. Shear bond strength values were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's honest significant difference test was used for post-hoc analysis (P < .05). RESULTS: Group PPS exhibited significantly higher shear bond strength than all other groups. Groups P and PA displayed significantly higher bond strengths than the control group. There were no significant differences between groups PS and A compared to the control group. Regarding the failure mode, adhesive failure occurred primarily in groups C and A, and mixed failure mainly in groups P, PA, PS, and PPS. CONCLUSION: The shear bond strength between the 3D-printed denture base and the chairside relining material exhibited significant differences according to the surface treatment methods. It is believed that excellent adhesive strength will be obtained when the Rocatec system is applied to 3D-printed dentures in clinical practice.

cAMP Signaling in Cancer: A PKA-CREB and EPAC-Centric Approach.

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death globally. Despite extensive research and considerable advances in cancer therapy, the fundamentals of the disease remain unclear. Understanding the key signaling mechanisms that cause cancer cell malignancy may help to uncover new pharmaco-targets. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) regulates various biological functions, including those in malignant cells. Understanding intracellular second messenger pathways is crucial for identifying downstream proteins involved in cancer growth and development. cAMP regulates cell signaling and a variety of physiological and pathological activities. There may be an impact on gene transcription from protein kinase A (PKA) as well as its downstream effectors, such as cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). The position of CREB downstream of numerous growth signaling pathways implies its oncogenic potential in tumor cells. Tumor growth is associated with increased CREB expression and activation. PKA can be used as both an onco-drug target and a biomarker to find, identify, and stage tumors. Exploring cAMP effectors and their downstream pathways in cancer has become easier using exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) modulators. This signaling system may inhibit or accelerate tumor growth depending on the tumor and its environment. As cAMP and its effectors are critical for cancer development, targeting them may be a useful cancer treatment strategy. Moreover, by reviewing the material from a distinct viewpoint, this review aims to give a knowledge of the impact of the cAMP signaling pathway and the related effectors on cancer incidence and development. These innovative insights seek to encourage the development of novel treatment techniques and new approaches.

Flexible 3D Nanonetworked Silica Film as a Polymer-Free Drug-Eluting Stent Platform to Effectively Suppress Tissue Hyperplasia in Rat Esophagus.

Loading and eluting drugs on self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) can be challenging in terms of fabrication, mechanical stability, and therapeutic effects. In this study, a flexible 3D nanonetworked silica film (NSF) capable of withstanding mechanical stress during dynamic expansion is constructed to function as a drug delivery platform on an entire SEMS surface. Despite covering a broad curved area, the synthesized NSF is defect-free and thin enough to increase the stent strut diameter (110 µm) by only 0.4 percent (110.45 µm). The hydrophobic modification of the surface enables loading of 4.7 times the sirolimus (SRL) concentration in NSF than Cypher, polymer-coated commercial stent, which is based on the same thickness of coating layer. Furthermore, SRL-loaded NSF exhibits a twofold delay in release compared to the control group without NSF. The SRL-loaded NSF SEMS significantly suppresses stent-induced tissue hyperplasia than the control SEMS in the rat esophagus (all variables, p < 0.05). Thus, the developed NSF is a promising polymer-free drug delivery platform to efficiently treat esophageal stricture.

Activatable Peptides for Rapid and Simple Visualization of Protease Activity Secreted in Living Cells.

Activity-based monitoring of cell-secreted proteases has gained significant interest due to the implication of these substances in diverse cellular functions. Here, we demonstrated a cell-based method of monitoring protease activity using fluorescent cell-permeable peptides. The activatable peptide consists of anionic (EEEE), cleavable, and cationic sequences (RRRR) that enable intracellular delivery by matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), which is secreted by living cancer cells. Compared to HT-29 cells (MMP2-negative), HT-1080 cells (MMP2-positive) showed a strong fluorescence response to the short fluorescent peptide via cell-secreted protease activation. Our approach is expected to find applications for the rapid visualization of protease activity in living cells.

Nanomaterials for IoT Sensing Platforms and Point-of-Care Applications in South Korea.

Herein, state-of-the-art research advances in South Korea regarding the development of chemical sensing materials and fully integrated Internet of Things (IoT) sensing platforms were comprehensively reviewed for verifying the applicability of such sensing systems in point-of-care testing (POCT). Various organic/inorganic nanomaterials were synthesized and characterized to understand their fundamental chemical sensing mechanisms upon exposure to target analytes. Moreover, the applicability of nanomaterials integrated with IoT-based signal transducers for the real-time and on-site analysis of chemical species was verified. In this review, we focused on the development of noble nanostructures and signal transduction techniques for use in IoT sensing platforms, and based on their applications, such systems were classified into gas sensors, ion sensors, and biosensors. A future perspective for the development of chemical sensors was discussed for application to next-generation POCT systems that facilitate rapid and multiplexed screening of various analytes.