Mylohyoid muscle revisited: anatomic features with clinical implications in dentistry / Revisión del músculo milohioideo: características anatómica con implicaciones clínicas en odontología

SUMMARY: The mylohyoid muscle, one of the suprahyoid group, forms the floor of the mouth. Its main function is swallowing. It is a margin between the sublingual and the submandibular spaces and is important in the pathway of oral and maxillofacial infection. In prosthodontics, it is one of anatomic landmarks that limits the lingual margin of the mandibular denture. Currently, the muscle receives much interest in the fields of maxillofacial reconstruction and rejuvenation. The hemorrhagic issue around the mandibular lingual region is usually involved with the mylohyoid especially in the dental implant installation. This review covers anatomic features of the mylohyoid muscle with diverse clinical implications.

RESUMEN: El músculo milohioideo es un músculo del grupo suprahioideo que forma el piso de la cavidad oral. Su función principal es la deglución. Es conocido como un límite entre los espacios sublingual y submandibular y es importante en la vía de infección oral y maxilofacial. En la prostodoncia, es uno de los hitos anatómicos que limita el margen lingual de la dentadura mandibular. Actualmente, el músculo recibe mucho interés en los campos de la reconstrucción y el rejuvenecimiento maxilofacial. El problema hemorrágico alrededor de la región lingual mandibular generalmente está relacionado con el músculo milohioideo, especialmente en la instalación de implantes dentales. Esta revisión cubre las características anatómicas del músculo milohioideo con diversas implicaciones clínicas.

¡Activate Ya! Co-learning about school-based tobacco prevention and physical activity promotion in secondary school students in Uruguay.

PURPOSE: ¡Activate Ya! was a group-randomized controlled intervention trial aimed at developing and evaluating the impact of a school-based intervention on preventing cigarette smoking and promoting physical activity (PA) in secondary school students in Uruguay. Secondary aims were to evaluate the program's impact on students' smoking- and PA-related psychosocial risk and protective factors. METHODS: Sixteen schools and n = 654 students participated in the study. The one-year intervention included a classroom-based curriculum, an afterschool program, activity breaks, and final showcase event. A self-administered questionnaire measured outcomes at three time points. Fixed effects regression models tested for differences in outcomes by study condition. RESULTS: While positive intervention effects were found for selected psychosocial-related smoking outcomes, no impact on past-year smoking or smoking susceptibility was detected. Past 7-day PA, measured by the PAQ-C, was significantly higher among intervention school students overall (p = .048) and for girls (p = .03) at posttest, and intervention girls reported significantly higher athletic identity PA competence, friend and teacher PA support at posttest, and PA enjoyment at follow-up (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The positive short-term effects of ¡Activate Ya! on PA and related outcomes for girls support the utility of school-based health promotion in Uruguay. Additional research is needed to determine the most effective strategies to prevent tobacco use among students and promote PA among boys in this setting.