RESUMEN
The accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) process using different copper alloys of oxygen free copper (OFC) and dioxide low-phosphorous copper (DLPC) was performed up to six cycles at ambient temperature without lubrication. A complex copper alloy sheet'in which OFC and DLPC alloys are stacked alternately each other was successfully fabricated by the ARB process. The microstructural evolution and texture development of the complex copper alloy with proceeding of the ARB were investigated by electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) measurement. The specimen after 1 cycle showed significantly inhomogeneous microstructure in thickness direction, however, the inhomogeneity decreased gradually with increasing the number of ARB cycles. In addition, the grains became finer with the proceeding of the ARB. Resultantly, after 6 cycles, the specimen exhibited an ultrafine grained structure in which the grains above 65% were surrounded by the high angle grain boundaries above 15 degrees. On the other hand, there was no difference in texture development between OFC and DLPC in almost all specimens. In addition, the texture development did not depend on positions in thickness direction; the rolling texture such as {112}<111> and {011}<211> components developed strongly at all regions.
RESUMEN
An ultrafine grained AA1050/AA6061 Al alloy sheet was successfully fabricated by four-layer stack ARB process. The ARB of AA1050 and AA6061 alloy sheets was performed up to 3 cycles without a lubricant at ambient temperature. The sample fabricated by the ARB was a multi-layer aluminum alloy sheet in which AA1050 and AA6061 layers are alternately stacked. The layer thickness of the each alloy became thinner and elongated to the rolling direction with increasing the number of ARB cycles. The tensile strength increased with the ARB, it reached about 347 MPa which is almost 2.4 times that of the starting material. The grain size decreased with increasing of the number of ARB cycles, became about 190 nm in thickness after 3 cycles. The variation of mechanical properties with the ARB was similar to those of the other ARB processed materials. However, the texture development was different from those of the conventional ARB processed materials.
RESUMEN
In this paper, a packet loss concealment (PLC) algorithm for CELP-type speech coders is proposed in order to improve the quality of decoded speech under burst packet loss conditions in a wireless sensor network. Conventional receiver-based PLC algorithms in the G.729 speech codec are usually based on speech correlation to reconstruct the decoded speech of lost frames by using parameter information obtained from the previous correctly received frames. However, this approach has difficulty in reconstructing voice onset signals since the parameters such as pitch, linear predictive coding coefficient, and adaptive/fixed codebooks of the previous frames are mostly related to silence frames. Thus, in order to reconstruct speech signals in the voice onset intervals, we propose a multiple codebook-based approach that includes a traditional adaptive codebook and a new random codebook composed of comfort noise. The proposed PLC algorithm is designed as a PLC algorithm for G.729 and its performance is then compared with that of the PLC algorithm currently employed in G.729 via a perceptual evaluation of speech quality, a waveform comparison, and a preference test under different random and burst packet loss conditions. It is shown from the experiments that the proposed PLC algorithm provides significantly better speech quality than the PLC algorithm employed in G.729 under all the test conditions.
