Vitreous Metastasis in a Case of Metastatic Breast Cancer.

A 35-year-old female with a history of metastatic breast cancer (BC) presented with unilateral blurred vision and floaters over 6 weeks. Examination findings showed vitreous opacities and a vasculitis concerning for an infectious process. Diagnostic vitrectomy revealed no infectious cause, but rather metastatic cells in the vitreous, with no obvious retinal or choroidal metastatic focus. In this report we illustrate a case of vitreous metastasis in a patient with metastatic BC, highlighting the importance of recognizing this rare entity which can mimic an inflammatory or infectious process. Novel to this report is the use of modern wide-field retinal imaging, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and a surgical video to document the findings of this disease entity.

Studies on Organic Light Emitting Diodes Using Phenanthroline Derivatives as Emitters.

In this study, we designed and synthesized blue emitting materials based on 1, 10-phenanthroline derivatives. OLED devices using these materials were fabricated in the following sequence; indium-tin-oxide (ITO) (180 nm)/N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(2-napthyl)-(1,1'-phenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB) (50 nm)/Tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (TCTA) (10 nm)/Blue materials (20 nm)/2,2',2″-(1,3, 5-Benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole) (TPBi) (30 nm)/lithium quinolate (Liq) (2 nm)/Al (100 nm). Particularly, a device using 2-(4-(9,9-dimethylacridin-10(9H)-yl)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1Himidazo[ 4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline as a blue emitter showed the maximum values of luminous efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of 1.45 cd/A, 1.52 lm/W, 0.99%, respectively with the Commission Internationale d'Énclairage (CIE) (x,y) coordinates of (0.16, 0.14) at 8.0 V.

Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Indeno-Type Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons.

To develop the efficient emitters for organic light-emitting diode (OLED), three indeno-type polyaromatic hydrocarbons materials were designed and synthesized through Buchwald-Hartwig amination. OLED devices using these materials were fabricated in the following sequence: indium-tin-oxide (ITO) (180 nm)/N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(2-napthyl)-(1,1'-phenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB) (50 nm)/Emitting materials (1-3) (30 nm)/4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BPhen) (30 nm)/lithium quinolate (Liq) (2 nm)/Al (100 nm). All devices showed the efficient emissions. In particular, a device using 8,8-dimethyl-N,N-diphenyl-8H-indeno[2,1-b]fluoranthen-6-amine (2) as efficient emitter showed luminous efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of 8.35 cd/A, 5.70 lm/W, 2.37% at 20 mA/cm², respectively, with Commission Internationale d'Énclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.37, 0.59) at 6.0 V.

Undulating changes in human plasma proteome profiles across the lifespan.

Aging is a predominant risk factor for several chronic diseases that limit healthspan1. Mechanisms of aging are thus increasingly recognized as potential therapeutic targets. Blood from young mice reverses aspects of aging and disease across multiple tissues2-10, which supports a hypothesis that age-related molecular changes in blood could provide new insights into age-related disease biology. We measured 2,925 plasma proteins from 4,263 young adults to nonagenarians (18-95 years old) and developed a new bioinformatics approach that uncovered marked non-linear alterations in the human plasma proteome with age. Waves of changes in the proteome in the fourth, seventh and eighth decades of life reflected distinct biological pathways and revealed differential associations with the genome and proteome of age-related diseases and phenotypic traits. This new approach to the study of aging led to the identification of unexpected signatures and pathways that might offer potential targets for age-related diseases.

Synthesis of Benzo[g]quinoline Derivatives and Their Electroluminescent Properties.

Two fluorescent benzo[g]quinoline derivatives were synthesized via Friedländer synthesis. Multilayered OLEDs using benzo[g]quinoline derivatives as the emitters showed unexpected emissions by electroplexes. Particularly, a device using 2-(naphthalen-3-yl)-4-phenylbenzo[g]quinoline as an emitting material exhibited efficient emission with a luminous efficiency, a power efficiency, an external quantum efficiency, and CIE coordinates of 3.58 cd/A, 1.11 lm/W, 1.08% at 20 mA/cm², and (0.36, 0.56) at 1,000 cd/m², respectively.

Indenophenanthrene Derivatives for Highly Efficient Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

In this study, we designed and synthesized three fluorescent blue emitting materials based on indenophenanthrene derivatives. These derivatives were synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction. Particularly, a device C using 9,10-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-indeno[2,1-l]phenanthren-11-yl)anthracene as blue emitter showed maximum values of luminous efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of 7.58 cd/A, 5.87 lm/W, 4.20%, respectively.

Highly Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Naphthoanthracene Derivatives Containing Different Arylamines.

Herein, we designed and synthesized emitting materials based on naphthoanthracene with the different arylamino-substituents. Organic Light Emitting-Diodes (OLEDs) devices using these materials were fabricated in the following sequence; ITO/N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(2-napthyl)-(1,1'-phenyl)-4,4'- diamine (NPB) (500 Å)/Emitters (400 Å)/Alumium quinolate (Alq3) (150 Å)/lithium quinolate (Liq) (20 Å)/Al (1000 Å). All devices showed efficient emissions. In particular, a device using 4-((5,5-dimethyl-9-phenyl-5H-naphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracen-3-yl)(phenyl)amino)benzonitrile as an emitter exhibited the luminous efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of 9.15 cd/A, 6.36 lm/W, 2.72% at 20 mA/cm², respectively, with the Commission Internationale d'Énclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.30, 0.62) at 6.0 V.

Fabrication of Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Indeno-Phenanthrene/Triphenylene Amine Derivatives.

Among the three primary colors, blue-emitting materials are limited by the wide energy band gap. In this study, we designed and synthesized emitting materials based on indeno-phenanthrene/ triphenylene derivatives. Organic light emitting-diodes (OLEDs) using these materials were fabricated in the following sequence; ITO/N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(2-napthyl)-(1,1'-phenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB) (500 Å)/Blue materials (30 nm)/4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BPhen) (30 nm)/lithium quinolate (Liq) (20 Å)/Al (1000 Å). All the devices showed efficient blue emission. Particularly, a device using 10,10-dimethyl-N,N-diphenyl-10H-indeno[1,2-b]triphenylen-12-amine as an emitter exhibited luminous efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of 3.62 cd/A, 1.83 lm/W, 2.82% at 20 mA/cm², respectively, with Commission Internationale d'Énclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.16, 0.15) at 6.0 V.

Diphenylaminoarylvinyl-Substituted Diphenylanthracenes for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

Two blue fluorescent materials based on diphenylaminoarylvinyl-substituted diphenylanthracene have been synthesized. Multilayered organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) with the following sequence; ITO/NPB (50 nm)/Blue materials (30 nm)/Bphen (30 nm)/Liq (2 nm)/Al (100 nm) were fabricated using these materials as emitters. Two devices exhibited blue electroluminescence. Particularly, a device using 6-(4-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)styryl)-N,N-diphenylnaphthalen-2-amine (2) exhibited blue emission with a luminance efficiency, a power efficiency, an external quantum efficiency and CIE coordinates of 5.69 cd/A, 1.99 lm/W, 3.39% at 100 mA/cm² and (x = 0.19, y =0.31) at 8.0 V, respectively.

Highly Efficient Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Diarylamine-Substituted Pyrene Derivatives.

In this study, we designed and synthesized three blue fluorescence materials based on diarylamine-substituted pyrene derivatives. Organic Light Emitting-Diodes devices using these materials were fabricated in the following sequence; ITO/2-TNATA (300 Å)/NPB (200 Å)/α,ß-ADN: 10 wt% blue materials 1-3 (300 Å)/DNAB (300 Å)/Liq (20 Å)/Al (1000 Å). All devices showed highly efficient blue emissions. Particularly, a device using materials (3) shown highly efficient blue emission with luminous efficiency of 8.94 cd/A, power efficiency of 4.40 lm/W, external quantum efficiency of 6.62% at 20 mA/cm², respectively, and the CIE coordinates of (0.16, 0.23) at 6.0 V.

Synthesis and Electroluminescent Properties of Quinoline-Substituted Anthracene Derivatives for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

In this study, two anthracene derivatives with quinoline moieties were synthesized. To investigate their electroluminescent (EL) properties, multilayered OLEDs with the following sequence; indiumtin-oxide (ITO)/N, N'-di(1-naphthyl)-N, N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB) (20 nm)/Blue emitting materials (30 nm)/bathophenanthroline (Bphen) (30 nm)/lithium quinolate (Liq) (2 nm)/Al (100 nm) were fabricated using these materials as emitters. Two devices exhibited EL in blue to sky-blue regions. Especially, a device using 2,3-diphenyl-6-(10-(naphthalen-7-yl)anthracen-9-yl)quinoline (1) as an emitting material exhibited blue emission with a luminous efficiency, a power efficiency, an external quantum efficiency, and Commission International de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of 1.01 cd/A, 0.43 lm/W, 0.80% at 20 mA/cm2, and (0.17, 0.22) at 6.0 V, respectively.

Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Naphthoanthracene Derivatives.

In this study, we designed and synthesized emitting materials based on naphthoanthracene derivatives. Organic Light Emitting-Diodes (OLEDs) devices using each four materials were fabricated. All devices showed efficient emissions. In particular, a device using 1-(5,5-Dimethyl-9-phenyl-[5H-naphth[3,2,1-de]anthracen-3-yl])-1H-indole as an emitter at 20 mA/cm2 exhibited luminous efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of 6.51 cd/A, 4.19 lm/W, and 2.48%, respectively, with Commission Internationale d'Énclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.19, 0.49) at 7.0 V.

Naphthalene Derivatives End-Capped with 2-(Diphenylamino)-9,9-Diethylfluorenes for Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

To investigate the electroluminescent (EL) properties of fluorescent materials based on fluorene-substituted naphthalene, multilayered OLEDs with the following sequence; indium- tin-oxide (ITO)/N,N'-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB) (50 nm)/Blue emitting materials (30 nm)/4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen) (30 nm)/lithium quinolate (Liq) (2 nm)/Al (100 nm) were fabricated using these materials as emitters. These devices exhibited blue emissions. Particularly, a device using 7-(1-(1-(2-(diphenylamino)-9,9-diethyl-9H-fluoren-7- yl)naphthalen-4-yl)naphthalen-4-yl)-9,9-diethyl-N,N-diphenyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine as a blue emitting material exhibited blue emission with a luminous efficiency, a power efficiency, an external quantum efficiency, and CIE coordinates of 2.79 cd/A, 1.19 lm/W, 2.30% at 1,000 cd/m2, and (0.14, 0.12) at 8.0 V, respectively. This study demonstrates that 2-(Diphenylamino)-9,9-diethylfluorenes endcapped naphthalene derivatives have the excellent properties for blue emitting materials for OLEDs.

Optimum thickness of epsilon negative tri-metal layer electrodes for maximizing OLED outcoupling efficiency.

A transparent electrode is an essential component that has a strong influence on the extraction of light from organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to its effect on both electrical and optical performance. In this work, we present theoretical studies, full wave simulations, and experimental results to evaluate the influence of the thickness of epsilon negative tri-metal layer (TML) electrodes on the performance of red phosphorescent OLEDs (PHOLEDs) via an optical microcavity effect. The results show that the external quantum efficiency of the optimized TML-based red PHOLED of 17.6% is significantly improved, and it is approximately 40% higher than that of the conventional indium tin oxide (ITO)-based red PHOLED of 12.5%.

Blue organic light-emitting diodes based on fluorene-bridged quinazoline and quinoxaline derivatives.

Two blue emitters based on fluorene-bridged quinazoline and quinoxaline derivatives were prepared via the Suzuki reaction. Their photoluminescent properties were investigated. Furthermore, theoretical studies on these materials using the density functional theory calculation were conducted. To explore their electroluminescent properties, multilayered organic light-emitting diodes were fabricated with the following device structure: indium-tin-oxide (180 nm)/4,4'-bis(N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino)biphenyl (50 nm)/blue emitting materials (1 and 2) (30 nm)/bathophenanthroline (35 nm)/8-hydroxy-quinolinato lithium (2 nm)/Al (100 nm). Two devices showed efficient blue emission with the external quantum efficiencies of 1.58% and 1.30%, respectively, at 20 mA/cm2 , and Commission Internationale dÉclairage coordinates of (0.18, 0.24) and (0.19, 0.27) at 6.0 V. These results suggest that the self-aggregation properties of emitters would have considerable effects on their photoluminescent and electroluminescent properties.

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF A MACULAR HOLE IN X-LINKED RETINOSCHISIS.

PURPOSE: To report a case of full-thickness macular hole in a patient with X-linked retinoschisis and the outcome after surgical repair. METHODS: A 15-year-old boy with a history of X-linked retinoschisis presented to his ophthalmologist for routine follow-up and was found to have a Stage-3 macular hole in his left eye. His vision was 20/200. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling, and he received long-acting gas. Color fundus photography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus; Carl Zeiss Meditech Inc, Dublin, CA) recorded images at office visits, before and after surgical repair. RESULTS: The initial spectral domain optical coherence tomography of the left eye showed a full-thickness macular hole of 1,370 µm in diameter as well as schisis cavities in the macula. After pars plana vitrectomy and repeat fluid-gas exchange, the hole was closed at the sixth-week follow-up visit. The patient noted a subjective decrease in the size of a central scotoma. Best-corrected visual acuity returned to the baseline of 20/80. CONCLUSION: A large full-thickness macular hole can develop in X-linked retinoschisis, and pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling may be helpful for successful surgical closure.

Efficient blue organic light-emitting diodes using N(2) ,N(2) ,N(11) ,N(11) ,5,6,7,8-octaphenyltriphenylene-2,11-diamine derivatives.

In this study, we have synthesized phenyl-substituted triphenylene derivatives, using the Diels-Alder reaction and the Buchwald-Hartwig reaction. To investigate electroluminescence properties of these materials, multilayer organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices were fabricated with a structure of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) (180 nm)/4,4'-bis(N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino)biphenyl (NPB) (50 nm)/blue-emitting materials (1-3) (30 nm)/bathophenanthroline (Bphen) (35 nm)/lithium quinolate (Liq) (2 nm)/Al (100 nm). A device using N(2) ,N(2) ,N(11) ,N(11) ,5,6,7-heptaphenyltriphenylene-2,11-diamine (2) exhibited efficient blue emission with luminous, power, and external quantum efficiencies of 0.92 cd/A, 0.67 lm/W, and 1.17% at 20 mA/cm(2) , respectively. The Commission International de L'Éclairage coordinates of this device were (x = 0.15, y = 0.09) at 6.0 V. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Blue Emitters Based on Anthracene-Aryl-Anthracene Moieties End-Capped with 1-Naphthyl Groups for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

We have designed emitters based on Anthracene-Aryl-Anthracene moieties end-capped with 1-naphthyl groups. In particular, a device showed blue EL properties with luminous and power efficiencies of 1.95 cd/A and 0.93 lm/W at 200 cd/m2 respectively, and CIE coordinates of (0.16, 0.10) at 7.0 V.

Optimization of Semitransparent Anode Electrode for Flexible Green and Red Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

In this paper, we demonstrated thin film semitransparent anode electrode using Ni/Ag/Ni (3/6/3 nm) on green and red phosphorescent OLEDs, which have basically high efficiency and good optical characteristics. Moreover, we applied this semitransparent anode on flexible green and red phosphorescent OLEDs, which were then optimized for possible applications on flexible substrates. First, we studied optimization using various conditions of Ni/Ag/Ni electrodes via transmittance and sheet resistance. We then fabricated the devices on a glass substrate with ITO or Ni/Ag/Ni electrodes as well as on a flexible substrate with a Ni/Ag/Ni electrode for green and red phosphorescent OLEDs. Consequently, we could be proposed that the potential of our semitransparent anode electrode is demonstrated. Green phosphorescent OLEDs characteristics using ITO or Ni/Ag/Ni anode electrodes were coincided and those of the red phosphorescent OLEDs were improved by semitransparent electrodes at 10,000 cd/m2 criterion. Therefore, this research suggests for additional studies to be conducted on flexible and high-performance phosphorescent OLED displays and light applications for ITO-free processes.

Effect of Stepwise Doping on Lifetime and Efficiency of Blue and White Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes.

We investigated a light emission mechanism of blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PHOLEDs), using a stepwise doping profile of 2, 8, and 14 wt.% within the emitting layer (EML). We fabricated several blue PHOLEDs with phosphorescent blue emitter iridium(III) bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2]picolinate doped in N,N'-dicarbazolyl-3,5-benzene as a p-type host material. A blue PHOLED with the highest doping concentration as part of the EML close to an electron transporting layer showed a maximum luminous efficiency of 20.74 cd/A, and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.52%. This can be explained by effective electron injection through a highly doped EML side. Additionally, a white OLED based on the doping profile was fabricated with two thin red EMLs within a blue EML maintaining a thickness of 30 nm for the entire EML. Keywords: Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes, Stepwise Doping Structure, Charge Trapping Effect.