RESUMEN
Efficient cathode interfacial layers (CILs) have become a crucial component of organic solar cells (OSCs). Charge extraction barriers, interfacial trap states, and significant transport resistance may be induced due to the unfavorable cathode interlayer, limiting the device performance. In this study, poly(4-vinylpyridine) is used as the CIL for OSCs, and a new type of CIL named P4VP-I is synthesized through the quaternization strategy. Compared to P4VP, P4VP-I CIL exhibits enhanced conductivity and optimized work function. OSCs employing the P4VP-I ETL demonstrate prolonged carrier lifetime, suppressed charge recombination, and achieve higher power conversion efficiencies (PCE) than the commonly used ETLs such as PFN-Br and Phen-NaDPO.
RESUMEN
The precise control of pore structures in porous organic polymer (POP) materials is of paramount importance in addressing a wide range of challenges associated with gas separation processes. In this study, we present a novel approach to optimize the gas separation performance of POPs through the introduction of fluorine groups and figure out an important factor of reaction decision that whether the AlCl3-catalyzed polymerization is Scholl reaction or Friedel-Crafts alkylation. In the chloroform system, the steric hindrance of function groups could make direct coupling between the benzene rings difficult, which would lead to part solvent knitting (Friedel-Crafts alkylation) instead. The fluorinated polymers show enhanced surface area and pore size characteristics. Notably, the fluorinated polymers exhibited significantly improved adsorption and separation performance for SF6, as evidenced by an ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivity (SF6/N2, v: v = 50:50, 273 K) increase of 75.0, 668.8, and 502.8% compared to the nonfluorinated POPs. These findings highlight the potential of fluorination as a strategy for tailoring the properties of POP materials for advanced gas separation applications.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Selenium rich bread is a good carrier of selenium, but the inorganic selenium used in the actual production process is toxic. It is necessary to develop a new green bread production technology. The extraction and utilization of humic acid chelated selenium from selenium-rich soil is beneficial for reducing resource waste and pollution without destroying the soil ecosystem in selenium-deficient areas. Sodium selenite and nanoselenium were selected as controls because they are commonly used as selenium agronomic enhancers in production. RESULTS: Humic acid chelated selenium can be absorbed and accumulated by wheat leaves, and humic acid chelated selenium had no significant effect on wheat yield, which was also shown in the treatments with nanoselenium and sodium selenite. Excessive accumulation of selenium in wheat grains can lead to a deterioration of processing quality. Among them, the use of excessive nanoselenium at the filling stage inhibited the accumulation of wheat grain protein, whereas humic acid chelated selenium is beneficial to grain protein accumulation and has the least negative effect on the processing quality. The accumulation of excessive selenium in wheat seeds had a negative effect on seed germination and growth; specifically, the seed vigor of wheat treated with humic acid chelated selenium was higher than that of untreated wheat. CONCLUSION: Humic acid chelated selenium is particularly suitable for the whole process of Se-enriched bread wheat production. The seed vigour of wheat treated with humic acid chelated selenium, which supplied a moderate amount of selenium, was higher than that of untreated wheat. Conversely, the accumulation of excessive selenium in wheat seeds reduced germination and seedling growth. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.