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To explore screening tools for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which are convenient for primary hospitals, it can provide basic data for formulating ASD prevention policies. This was a cross-sectional study by cluster sampling. Huyi District and Xincheng District were extracted for investigation in Xi'an City. From July 2021 to September 2022, all children aged from 3 months to 36 months who live in the two districts were subjected to primary screening. The child care physician used the routine screening tool "warning signs checklist for screening psychological, behavioral and developmental problems of children" and cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism", the children who were positive in the initial screening were referred to the district level maternal and child health hospital for re-screening, and those who were positive in the re-screening were referred to Xi 'an Children's Hospital for diagnosis. The results showed that a total of 17 905 children aged from 3 months to 36 months were initially screened in the two districts, including 10 588 children aged from 18 months to 36 months, 50 children who were positive in the initial screening and 50 children who were re-screened. 23 children (18 boys and 5 girls) were diagnosed with ASD. The prevalence rate of ASD in children was 2.17‰ (95% confidence interval:1.29‰-3.06‰). 42 children were positive for "warning signs checklist" at the preliminary screening, and 19 were confirmed as ASD. 27 children were positive for "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening, and 23 were confirmed with ASD. The "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening and diagnosis of consistent rate was higher than the "warning signs checklist", two kinds of screening methods comparison were statistically significant difference in the odds of consistent (χ2=11.01, P=0.001). In conclusion, relying on the three-level network of maternal and child health care, it is conducive to the whole process management of screening and diagnosis of children with ASD, and to guide the formulation of prevention policies. The cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism" can assist the identification of children with ASD based on the "warning signs checklist", which is simple, effective and suitable for promotion in the community health care.
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Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Trastorno Autístico , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
To explore screening tools for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which are convenient for primary hospitals, it can provide basic data for formulating ASD prevention policies. This was a cross-sectional study by cluster sampling. Huyi District and Xincheng District were extracted for investigation in Xi'an City. From July 2021 to September 2022, all children aged from 3 months to 36 months who live in the two districts were subjected to primary screening. The child care physician used the routine screening tool "warning signs checklist for screening psychological, behavioral and developmental problems of children" and cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism", the children who were positive in the initial screening were referred to the district level maternal and child health hospital for re-screening, and those who were positive in the re-screening were referred to Xi 'an Children's Hospital for diagnosis. The results showed that a total of 17 905 children aged from 3 months to 36 months were initially screened in the two districts, including 10 588 children aged from 18 months to 36 months, 50 children who were positive in the initial screening and 50 children who were re-screened. 23 children (18 boys and 5 girls) were diagnosed with ASD. The prevalence rate of ASD in children was 2.17‰ (95% confidence interval:1.29‰-3.06‰). 42 children were positive for "warning signs checklist" at the preliminary screening, and 19 were confirmed as ASD. 27 children were positive for "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening, and 23 were confirmed with ASD. The "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening and diagnosis of consistent rate was higher than the "warning signs checklist", two kinds of screening methods comparison were statistically significant difference in the odds of consistent (χ2=11.01, P=0.001). In conclusion, relying on the three-level network of maternal and child health care, it is conducive to the whole process management of screening and diagnosis of children with ASD, and to guide the formulation of prevention policies. The cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism" can assist the identification of children with ASD based on the "warning signs checklist", which is simple, effective and suitable for promotion in the community health care.
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Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Trastorno Autístico , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
The eco-friendly flotation process for chalcopyrite is economically significant and promotes sustainable development in mining. Collectorless flotation is a green and clean method for chalcopyrite utilization, but galvanic interactions during the grinding process can affect the surface structure, chemical composition, and electrochemical properties, impacting collectorless flotation recovery. This article uses a self-made device and flotation experiments to study galvanic interactions and their effects on surface oxidation and collectorless flotation behavior under different grinding conditions (including mineral particle size, slurry water content, pressure, and galvanic interaction time). The impact of galvanic interaction on the surface chemical composition and electrochemical properties of chalcopyrite is studied using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical tests. Additionally, the effect of the galvanic interaction on the surface structure is analyzed with density functional theory. XPS and HPLC results show that iron grinding media contact with chalcopyrite, reducing elemental sulfur content of the chalcopyrite surface, improving hydrophilicity, and decreasing chalcopyrite collectorless flotation recovery. Grinding conditions, such as mineral particle size, slurry water content, and galvanic interaction time, significantly impact collectorless flotation and can be regulated to optimize results.
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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop a combined model to quantify the net absorption of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the large intestine (LI) of pigs. METHODS: Fifteen female growing pigs (Duroc × Large White × Landrace) were ranked by body weight (30 ± 2.1 kg) on day 0 and assigned to one of three treatments, namely the basal diet containing different crude fiber (CF) levels (LCF: 3.0% CF, MCF: 4.5% CF, and HCF: 6.0% CF). The pigs were implanted with the terminal ileum fistula and the cannulation of the ileal mesenteric vein (IMV), portal vein (PV), and left femoral artery (LFA) from days 6 to 7. [13 C]-Labeled VFA and P-aminohippuric acid were constantly perfused into the terminal ileum fistula and the cannulation of the IMV (day 15), respectively. Blood samples were collected from the PV and the LFA during perfusion (5 h), and LI samples were collected. RESULTS: The net flux of [12 C]-acetic acid in the PV was greater for LCF versus MCF (p = 0.045), but no difference was observed in the net flux of [12 C]-propionic acid (p = 0.505) and [12 C]-butyric acid (p = 0.35) in the PV among treatments. The deposition of [12 C]-acetic acid in the LI was greater for LCF versus MCF (p = 0.014), whereas the deposition of [12 C]-propionic acid (p = 0.007) and [12 C]-butyric acid (p = 0.037) in the LI was greater for LCF versus HCF. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this pig model was found conducive to study the net absorption of VFAs in the LI, and LCF had more net absorption of VFAs in the LI than MCF and HCF.
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Ácidos Grasos Volátiles , Propionatos , Femenino , Porcinos , Animales , Acetatos , Butiratos , Intestino GruesoRESUMEN
The sesquiterpene alpha-bisabolol is the predominant active ingredient in essential oils that are highly valued in the cosmetics industry due to its wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and skin-soothing properties. Alpha-bisabolol was thought to be restricted to Compositae plants. Here we reveal that alpha-bisabolol is also synthesized in rice, a non-Compositae plant, where it acts as a novel sesquiterpene phytoalexin. Overexpressing the gene responsible for the biosynthesis of alpha-bisabolol, OsTPS1, conferred bacterial blight resistance in rice. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that alpha-bisabolol-synthesizing enzymes in rice and Compositae evolved independently. Further experiments demonstrated that the natural variation in the disease resistance level was associated with differential transcription of OsTPS1 due to polymorphisms in its promoter. We demonstrated that OsTPS1 was regulated at the epigenetic level by JMJ705 through the methyl jasmonate pathway. These data reveal the cross-family accumulation and regulatory mechanisms of alpha-bisabolol production.
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Chrysanthemum , Aceites Volátiles , Sesquiterpenos , Chrysanthemum/genética , Chrysanthemum/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , Epigénesis Genética , Sesquiterpenos/metabolismoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with mannose oligosaccharide (MOS) on the condition of the body and the reproductive and lactation performances of sows. Eighty pregnant sows were randomly assigned to four groups with a 2 × 2 factorial design: with or without MOS (1 g/kg) and with or without heat stress (HS) challenge. The temperature in the HS groups (HS and HM group) was controlled at 31.56 ± 1.22 °C, while the temperature in the active cooling (AC) groups (AC and AM group) was controlled at 23.49 ± 0.72 °C. The weight loss of sows in the AC group was significantly lower than that of sows in the HS group (p < 0.01). The weight and backfat thickness loss of sows supplemented with MOS displayed a downward trend. The average birth weight of the litter significantly increased in the HM group (basic diet + MOS) compared with the HS group (p < 0.05). The milk protein of sows significantly decreased under the HS condition at 2 and 12 h after delivery (p < 0.05). However, the milk immunoglobin G (IgG) of sows in the HS group increased significantly compared with that of sows in the HM group (p < 0.05) at 12 and 24 h after delivery. The levels of serum urea nitrogen (UREA) and glucose (GLU) decreased significantly under the HS condition (p < 0.05), while the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) increased significantly under the HS condition (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with MOS also significantly reduced TNF-α under the AC conditions (p < 0.05). In conclusion, HS significantly affected the body condition, lactation performances and their offspring of sows. However, dietary supplementation with 1 g/kg MOS did not result in statistically significant changes.
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Accurate segmentation of kidney in ultrasound images is a vital procedure in clinical diagnosis and interventional operation. In recent years, deep learning technology has demonstrated promising prospects in medical image analysis. However, due to the inherent problems of ultrasound images, data with annotations are scarce and arduous to acquire, hampering the application of data-hungry deep learning methods. In this paper, we propose cross-modal transfer learning from computerized tomography (CT) to ultrasound (US) by leveraging annotated data in the CT modality. In particular, we adopt cycle generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) to synthesize US images from CT data and construct a transition dataset to mitigate the immense domain discrepancy between US and CT. Mainstream convolutional neural networks such as U-Net, U-Res, PSPNet, and DeepLab v3+ are pretrained on the transition dataset and then transferred to real US images. We first trained CNN models on a data set composed of 50 ultrasound images and validated them on a validation set composed of 30 ultrasound images. In addition, we selected 82 ultrasound images from another hospital to construct a cross-site data set to verify the generalization performance of the models. The experimental results show that with our proposed transfer learning strategy, the segmentation accuracy in dice similarity coefficient (DSC) reaches 0.853 for U-Net, 0.850 for U-Res, 0.826 for PSPNet and 0.827 for DeepLab v3+ on the cross-site test set. Compared with training from scratch, the accuracy improvement was 0.127, 0.097, 0.105 and 0.036 respectively. Our transfer learning strategy effectively improves the accuracy and generalization ability of ultrasound image segmentation model with limited training data.
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Aprendizaje Profundo , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Riñón/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Ultrasonografía , Conjuntos de Datos como Asunto , HumanosRESUMEN
The heavy metal accumulated biomass after phytoremediation needs to be decontaminated before disposal. Liquid extraction is commonly used to remove and recycle toxic heavy metals from contaminated biomass. In this study, we examined the cadmium (Cd) removal efficiency using different chemical reagents (hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium) of the post-harvest Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. biomass. The purifications for the extracted liquids and ecological risk assessments for the extracted residues were also investigated. We have found that 77.8% of Cd in stems and 62.1% of Cd in leaves were removed by 0.25 M HCl after 24 h. In addition, K2CO3, KOH, and 4 Å molecular sieve could remove ≥89.0% of Cd in the extracted liquids. Finally, after we returned the extracted residues to the earthworm-incubated soil, the extracted biomass negatively affected the growth (weight loss ≥ 11.0%) and survival (mortality ≥ 33.3%) of Eisenia fetida. It should be noted that earthworms decreased soil available Cd concentrations from 0.14-0.05 mg kg-1 to 0.11-0.04 mg kg-1 and offset the negative effects of the Cd-contaminated biomass on soil microbes. Overall, given the cost of reagents, the Cd removal efficiency, and the ecological risks of the extracted biomass, using 0.25 M HCl for liquid extraction and K2CO3 for purification should be recommended. This work highlights the potential of liquid extraction for immediately and directly removing the Cd from fresh contaminated accumulator biomass and the resource cycling potential of the extracted liquids and biomass after purification.
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Amaranthus , Contaminantes del Suelo , Biodegradación Ambiental , Cadmio/análisis , Descontaminación , Suelo , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: During percutaneous puncture procedure, breath holding is subjectively controlled by patients, and it is difficult to ensure consistent tumour position between the preoperative CT scanning phase and the intraoperative puncture phase. In addition, the manual registration process is time-consuming and has low accuracy. METHODS: We have proposed an automatic registration method using optical markers and a tumour breath-holding position estimation model based on the support vector regression algorithm. A robot system and a tumour respiratory motion simulation platform are built to perform puncture tests under different breath-holding states. RESULTS: The experimental results show that automatic registration has higher accuracy than manual registration, and with the tumour breath-holding position estimation model, the targeting accuracy of puncture under inconsistent breath-holding conditions is greatly improved. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed automatic registration and tumour breath-holding position estimation model can improve the accuracy and efficiency of puncture under inconsistent breath-holding conditions.
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Neoplasias , Robótica , Algoritmos , Contencion de la Respiración , Humanos , Neoplasias/cirugía , PuncionesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Percutaneous image-guided interventions are commonly used for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In practice, physiological breathing-induced motion increases the difficulty of accurately inserting needles into tumors without impairing the surrounding vital structures. In this work, we propose a data-driven patient-specific hierarchical respiratory motion estimation framework to accurately estimate the position of a tumor and surrounding vital tissues in real time. METHODS: The motion of optical markers attached to the chest or abdomen skin is used as a surrogate signal to estimate tumor motion based on É-support vector regression (É-SVR). With the estimated tumor motion as the input, a novel respiratory motion model is developed to estimate the diffeomorphic deformation field of the whole organ (liver or lung) without intraoperative, iterative optimization computations. The respiratory motion model of the whole organ is established in Lie algebra space based on the kriging algorithm to ensure that the estimated deformation field is diffeomorphic, optimal, and unbiased. Preoperative prior knowledge for modeling the motion of whole organs is obtained by deformation registration between four-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT) images using a hybrid diffeomorphic registration method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Experimental results on an in vivo beagle dog show that the minimum value of the determinant of the Jacobian of the estimated deformation field is greater than zero, so the estimated deformation field of the whole liver with our method is diffeomorphic. The mean position error of the tumor is 1.2 mm corresponding to a mean accuracy improvement of 76.5%, and the mean position error of the whole liver is 2.1 mm, corresponding to a mean accuracy improvement of 37.9%. The experimental results based on public human subject data show that the mean position error of the tumor is 1.1 mm, corresponding to a mean accuracy improvement of 83.1%, and the mean position error of the whole lung is 2.1 mm, corresponding to a mean accuracy improvement of 41.4%. The positioning errors for the tumor and whole organ are hierarchical and consistent with clinical demand.
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Tomografía Computarizada Cuatridimensional , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Algoritmos , Animales , Perros , Humanos , Pulmón , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Movimiento (Física)RESUMEN
The excessive cadmium (Cd) concentration in agricultural products has become a major public concern in China in recent years. In this study, two amendments, 4A molecular sieve (MS) and wollastonite (WS), were evaluated for their potential passivation in reducing Cd uptake by amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) in six soils with different properties. Results showed that the responses of amaranth biomass to these amendments were soil-property-dependent. The effects of MS and WS on soil available Cd were in turn dependent on soil and amendment properties. The application of WS and MS at a dose of 660 mg·kg-1 Si produced the optimum effect on inhibiting Cd accumulation in amaranth shoots (36% and 34%, respectively) and did not affect crop yield. This was predominantly attributed to the marked increase in pH and exogenous Ca or Na, which facilitated the adsorption, precipitation, and complexation of Cd in soils. The immobilization effects of WS and MS were dependent on soil properties, where soil organic matter may have played an important role. In conclusion, MS and WS possess great potential for the remediation of Cd-contaminated acidic soils.
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Cadmio , Contaminantes del Suelo , Cadmio/análisis , Compuestos de Calcio , China , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Silicatos , Suelo , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has negative impacts on the postnatal survival, growth and development of humans and animals, with not only on newborns but also adulthood. However, the characteristics for nutrient digestion and absorption in IUGR offspring are still largely unknown. Therefore, the normal birth weight (NBW) and IUGR growing pigs were used in this study to investigate their differences in nutrient utilization, with an expectition for further nutritional optimization of the IUGR offspring during their later life. METHODS: Twelve IUGR and 12 NBW growing pigs were fitted with catheters in their portal vein to measure blood flow rate as well as nutrients and metabolites in plasma. The digestibilities of nutrients in different intestinal segments, and bacterial fermentation in the large intestine were examined to reveal the characteristics of nutrients utilization in IUGR versus NBW pigs. RESULTS: The rate of portal venous blood flow did not differ beween IUGR and NBW pigs. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose were much lower but those of urea were higher in the portal vein of IUGR pigs, compared with the NBW pigs. The ileal digestibility of dry matter, gross energy and starch were lower in IUGR pigs than in NBW pigs. IUGR increased hindgut microbial diversity and bacterial fermentation activity in the caecum. In vitro cross-fermentation of ileal digesta by caecal microbes of NBW and IUGR pigs showed that gas production was much higher for IUGR ileal digesta regardless of the source of caecal inocula. CONCLUSION: IUGR impairs the nutrient digestion and absorption in small intestine, reduces caecal microbial diversity and promotes bacterial fermentation in the large intestine during the growing phase. These findings aid in our understanding of nutrient metabolism in IUGR pigs and provide the basis for future nutritional interventions.
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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the independent risk factors for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). METHODS: Related studies of PHN risk factors were searched in PubMed for screening and meta-analysis. In this study, data from studies included were extracted and summarized, including odds ratio (OR) value, 95% confidence interval (CI), P value, sample size, and the number of patients with and without PHN. The chi-square test was used for heterogeneity test. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding low-quality studies and using different model analysis. RESULTS: A total of 14 studies were further screened for meta-analysis, including 4,192 patients with herpes zoster. Of these patients, 478 (11.40%) had neuralgia and 3,714 (88.60%) did not have neuralgia. Age [OR =1.59; 95% CI: (1.23, 2.04); Z=3.62; P<0.001], acute severe pain in the herpes stage [OR =1.49; 95% CI: (1.08, 2.08); Z=2.39; P=0.02], prodromal symptoms [OR =2.00; 95% CI: (1.16, 3.44); Z=2.48; P=0.01], and severe rash [OR =2.40; 95% CI: (1.83, 3.14); Z=6.38; P<0.001] were independent risk factors for PHN. The funnel chart shows that there is no publication bias or geographic bias in the above independent risk factors. Gender (Z=0.37; P=0.71) was not associated with PHN, and the funnel chart shows that there is no publication bias or geographic bias. DISCUSSION: Age, acute pain, prodromal symptoms, and severe rash were independent risk factors for PHN.
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Dolor Agudo , Herpes Zóster , Neuralgia Posherpética , Neuralgia , Herpes Zóster/complicaciones , Humanos , Neuralgia Posherpética/epidemiología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Genomic clustering of non-homologous genes for the biosynthesis of plant defensive compounds is an emerging theme, but insights into their formation and physiological function remain limited. Here we report the identification of a newly discovered hydroxycinnamoyl tyramine (HT) gene cluster in rice. This cluster contains a pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase (OsPDX3) producing the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), a PLP-dependent tyrosine decarboxylase (OsTyDC1), and two duplicated hydroxycinnamoyl transferases (OsTHT1 and OsTHT2). These members were combined to represent an enzymological innovation gene cluster. Natural variation analysis showed that the abundance of the toxic tyramine intermediate of the gene cluster among different rice accessions is mainly determined by the coordinated transcription of OsTyDC1 and OsTHT1. Further pathogen incubation assays demonstrated that the end products of the HT gene cluster displayed enhanced resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo) and fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae), and the enhanced resistance is associated with the boost of phytoalexins and the activation of defense response. The unique presence of the HT gene cluster in Oryza AA genome, together with the enrichment of transposon elements within this gene cluster region, provides an evolutionary background to accelerate cluster member combinations. Our study not only discovered a gene cluster involved in the phenylpropanoid metabolism but also addressed the key aspects of gene cluster formation. In addition, our results provide a new metabolic pool for plant defense against pathogens.
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Oryza , Xanthomonas , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , Oryza/genética , Familia de Multigenes/genética , Fosfatos/metabolismo , Xanthomonas/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Two experiments were conducted to provide a new approach for evaluating feed nutritional value by metabolizable glucose (MG) in piglet diets with different levels of starch and crude fiber. In Exp 1, a regression equation for MG was generated. In Exp 2, the equation was verified, and the optimal growth performance of piglets under appropriate MG levels was tested. METHODS: In Exp 1, 20 weaned piglets (7.74±0.81 kg body weight [BW]) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments, including the basal diet containing different levels of MG (starch, 25.80%, 31.67%, 45.71%, 49.36%; crude fiber, 1.23%, 1.35%, 1.80%, 1.51%). The piglets were implanted with an ileal fistula, cannulation of the carotid artery, portal vein, and mesenteric artery. The chyme from the ileum fistula and blood samples were collected. In Exp 2, 30 weaned piglets (8.96±0.50 kg BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatments, including the experimental diets with different levels of MG (37.6, 132.5, 300.0, 354.3, and 412.5 g/kg). The piglets' BW, and feed consumption were recorded to calculate growth performance during the 28-d experiment. RESULTS: In Exp 1, the MG levels in 4 diets were 239.62, 280.68, 400.79, and 454.35 g/kg. The regression equation for the MG levels and dietary nutrients was: Y (MG) = 12.13×X1 (starch)+23.18×X2 (crude fiber)-196.44 (R2 = 0.9989, p = 0.033). In Exp 2, treatments with 132.5 and 300.0 g/kg MG significantly (p<0.05) increased average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency of weaned piglets, increased digestibility of crude fat, and had no effect on digestibility of crude protein compared to 300.0 to 412.5 g/kg MG. CONCLUSION: The pig model combining the ileum fistula and cannulation of blood vessels was successfully used to determine the dietary MG levels. The recommended MG level in weaned pig diets is 132.5 to 300.0 g/kg.
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This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of IR-61, a novel mitochondrial heptamethine cyanine dye with antioxidant effects, on diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED). Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce type 1 diabetes. Eight weeks after STZ injection, all rats were divided into three groups: the control group, DM group, and DM + IR-61 group. In the DM + IR-61 group, the rats were administered IR-61 (1.6 mg kg
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Objective:To explore the inconsistent and consistent classifications for lesions ≤2 cm by contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System(LI-RADS) v2017 and contrast-enhanced computed tomography/contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(CECT/MRI) LI-RADS v2018.Methods:The focal liver lesions ≤2 cm underwent CEUS and CECT/MRI within 1 month were enrolled in this retrospective study.Each nodule was categorized according to the CEUS LI-RADS v2017 and CECT/MRI LI-RADS v2018. Intermodality agreement between the CEUS LI-RADS and CECT/MRI LI-RADS for each lesion was assessed with Cohen′s Kappa. Lesions with inconsistent classification for CEUS LI-RADS and CECT/MRI were analyzed.Results:A total of 145 lesions with a size of (1.65±0.33)cm in 145 patients were included. The numbers of lesions in LR-3, 4, 5 and M were 16, 23, 90 and 16 on CEUS LI-RADS, 25, 31, 87 and 2 on CECT/MRI, respectively. And 73.1% lesions were classified as LR-5 or M on CEUS, while 61.4% lesions were classified as LR-5 or M on CECT/MRI ( P=0.033). The incidences of HCC in LR-3, 4 and 5 were 37.5%, 52.2% and 97.8% on CEUS LI-RADS, 56.0%, 64.5% and 96.6% on CECT/MRI LI-RADS respectively. Among the 145 lesions, 56 lesions had inconsistent classifications of CEUS and CECT/MRI LI-RADS. Twenty-eight lesions in CECT/MRI LR-3 and 4 were escalated to LR-4 and 5 by CEUS and 82.1% of them were found to be HCC. Fourteen lesions on CEUS LR-3 and 4 were escalated to LR-4 and 5 by CECT/MRI and 85.7% of them were found to be HCC. Conclusions:The LR-5 of the CEUS and CECT/EOB-MRI LI-RADS has a comparable incidence of HCC. However, the inter-modality agreement of the LI-RADS category between CEUS and CECT/EOB-MRI is poor. The proportion of lesions in CEUS LR-5 and M is much higher than that in CECT/MRI LR-5 and M, while the proportion of lesions in CECT/MRI LR-3 and 4 is high than that in CEUS LR-3 and 4.
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Objective@#This study aims to investigate the infection of @*Method@#Infection of the definitive human host and intermediate fish host by @*Results@#In 2016-2020, the average population infection rate of Hunan was 1.38%, while in Tongdao County the rate was up to 26.90%, and the highest fish infection rate was detected in Qiyang County (99.44% in the dorsal fin of @*Conclusion@#The systematically study of
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Animales , Gatos , Perros , Humanos , Enfermedades de los Gatos/parasitología , China/epidemiología , Clonorquiasis/veterinaria , Clonorchis sinensis/genética , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Peces , Incidencia , Prevalencia , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Diterpenoids are the major group of antimicrobial phytoalexins in rice1,2. Here, we report the discovery of a rice diterpenoid gene cluster on chromosome 7 (DGC7) encoding the entire biosynthetic pathway to 5,10-diketo-casbene, a member of the monocyclic casbene-derived diterpenoids. We revealed that DGC7 is regulated directly by JMJ705 through methyl jasmonate-mediated epigenetic control3. Functional characterization of pathway genes revealed OsCYP71Z21 to encode a casbene C10 oxidase, sought after for the biosynthesis of an array of medicinally important diterpenoids. We further show that DGC7 arose relatively recently in the Oryza genus, and that it was partly formed in Oryza rufipogon and positively selected for in japonica during domestication. Casbene-synthesizing enzymes that are functionally equivalent to OsTPS28 are present in several species of Euphorbiaceae but gene tree analysis shows that these and other casbene-modifying enzymes have evolved independently. As such, combining casbene-modifying enzymes from these different families of plants may prove effective in producing a diverse array of bioactive diterpenoid natural products.