Asunto(s)
Alopecia Areata , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Dissecting cellulitis (DC) is a chronic inflammatory primary neutrophilic scarring alopecia. It predominantly affects the vertex and occipital regions of Afro-descendent men. Female DC is uncommon, and little is known about this condition in childhood. This paper reports a pediatric female case of DC with an excellent therapeutic response to low-dose oral isotretinoin.
Asunto(s)
Isotretinoína , Dermatosis del Cuero Cabelludo , Alopecia , Celulitis (Flemón)/diagnóstico , Celulitis (Flemón)/tratamiento farmacológico , Niño , Enfermedad Crónica , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
Abstract Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis that affects humans and animals, with a typically subacute or chronic evolution, caused by Sporothrix spp., a dimorphic fungus. Although the cutaneous form is the most frequent presentation, the ocular involvement has been more frequently diagnosed in endemic areas, affecting mainly children and the elderly. Approximately 80% of affected patients have the lymphocutaneous form, while only 2.3% have conjunctival lesions, with 0.7% showing primary ocular involvement. We describe two cases of sporotrichosis with ocular involvement in children through inoculation by felines, with a good response to antifungal treatment.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Niño , Anciano , Gatos , Esporotricosis/diagnóstico , Esporotricosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Sporothrix , Dermatomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Ojo , Antifúngicos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis that affects humans and animals, with a typically subacute or chronic evolution, caused by Sporothrix spp., a dimorphic fungus. Although the cutaneous form is the most frequent presentation, the ocular involvement has been more frequently diagnosed in endemic areas, affecting mainly children and the elderly. Approximately 80% of affected patients have the lymphocutaneous form, while only 2.3% have conjunctival lesions, with 0.7% showing primary ocular involvement. We describe two cases of sporotrichosis with ocular involvement in children through inoculation by felines, with a good response to antifungal treatment.
Asunto(s)
Dermatomicosis , Sporothrix , Esporotricosis , Anciano , Animales , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Gatos , Niño , Dermatomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Ojo , Humanos , Esporotricosis/diagnóstico , Esporotricosis/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Minoxidil is a strong arterial vasodilator, first introduced as an antihypertensive medication. In dermatology, topical minoxidil (TMX) has been used for many types of alopecia. TMX is not FDA-approved in patients under 18 years old and there are no guidelines for its pediatric use. Low-dose oral minoxidil (OMX) has been used off-label for hair loss treatment in adults expecting to achieve better therapeutic compliance and greater clinical efficacy. However, little is known about TMX and OMX in pediatric population. the literature presented on TMX and OMX in children to date was reviewed. The terms "minoxidil", "child", "children", "childhood", and "infant" were used to perform a literature search in MEDLINE through PubMed. The search was limited to articles about humans and available in English. While 25 relevant articles were selected, duplicate titles were excluded. This article pointed out the use of minoxidil in several pediatric hair diseases. Even when used topically, dermatologists should be aware of potential risks of systemic absorption. In particular situations, OMX in very low doses may be considered. To date, there are no guidelines regarding the ideal dose or minimum age for using the drug topically or systemically.
Asunto(s)
Alopecia , Minoxidil , Administración Tópica , Adolescente , Adulto , Alopecia/diagnóstico , Alopecia/tratamiento farmacológico , Niño , Cabello , Humanos , Minoxidil/efectos adversos , Vasodilatadores/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Dissecting cellulitis is a chronic, progressive, and relapsing inflammatory disease that predominantly affects the vertex and occiput of young Afro-descendent men. It starts with papules and pustules that evolve to nodules, abscesses, and cicatricial alopecia. This article illustrates the evolutive trichoscopy of dissecting cellulitis, from its early phase, through the abscess phase, to the fibrotic cicatricial phase. Trichoscopy complements clinical-pathological classification, representing a complementary tool useful in early diagnosis and monitoring of the patient during treatment.
Asunto(s)
Celulitis (Flemón) , Dermoscopía , Alopecia , Vesícula , Humanos , Masculino , RecurrenciaRESUMEN
Yellow dots are follicular ostium filled with keratin and/or sebum. Initially, they were exclusively associated with alopecia areata. Currently they have also been described in androgenetic alopecia, chronic cutaneous (discoid) lupus erythematosus, and dissecting cellulitis. Due to the growing importance of trichoscopy and its findings in the evaluation of the scalp, this article describes the main diseases in which yellow dots are a common trichoscopic finding, highlighting its characteristics in each dermatosis.
Asunto(s)
Alopecia Areata/diagnóstico por imagen , Celulitis (Flemón)/diagnóstico por imagen , Dermatosis del Cuero Cabelludo/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Cutáneas Genéticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Alopecia Areata/etiología , Celulitis (Flemón)/complicaciones , Dermoscopía , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Dermatosis del Cuero Cabelludo/complicaciones , Enfermedades Cutáneas Genéticas/complicacionesRESUMEN
Abstract: Yellow dots are follicular ostium filled with keratin and/or sebum. Initially, they were exclusively associated with alopecia areata. Currently they have also been described in androgenetic alopecia, chronic cutaneous (discoid) lupus erythematosus, and dissecting cellulitis. Due to the growing importance of trichoscopy and its findings in the evaluation of the scalp, this article describes the main diseases in which yellow dots are a common trichoscopic finding, highlighting its characteristics in each dermatosis.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Dermatosis del Cuero Cabelludo/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Cutáneas Genéticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Celulitis (Flemón)/diagnóstico por imagen , Alopecia Areata/diagnóstico por imagen , Dermatosis del Cuero Cabelludo/complicaciones , Enfermedades Cutáneas Genéticas/complicaciones , Celulitis (Flemón)/complicaciones , Dermoscopía , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Alopecia Areata/etiologíaRESUMEN
Trichoscopy has become an essential tool for the diagnosis of various diseases that affect the hair and scalp. Through dermatoscopy we identified a set of findings that share a circular shape of hair shafts. The objective of this study is to distinguish among the various forms of circular hairs in order to identify their peculiarities and to describe in which skin disorders they can be found.
Asunto(s)
Dermoscopía/métodos , Enfermedades del Cabello/diagnóstico por imagen , Cabello/diagnóstico por imagen , Cuero Cabelludo/diagnóstico por imagen , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Cabello/patología , Enfermedades del Cabello/patología , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Cuero Cabelludo/patología , Dermatosis del Cuero Cabelludo/diagnóstico por imagen , Dermatosis del Cuero Cabelludo/patologíaRESUMEN
Abstract We describe a fifty-six-year old, Afro-descendent female patient showing dystrophy of her twenty nails and hyperchromic, asymptomatic macule on her face. Histopathological examination of the macule showed vacuolization of the basal layer, melanophages in the superficial dermis and lymphoplasmocytic inflammatory infiltrate. Nail biopsy revealed orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis and lichenoid inflammatory infiltrate. Lichen planus pigmentosus is an uncommon variety of lichen planus. It is characterized by typical hyperpigmented macules on the face and neck. Nail changes might be present in 10% of lichen planus cases, but no associations with lichen planus pigmentosus have been described. We report a case of lichen planus in twenty nails associated with lichen planus pigmentosus on the patient's face.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hiperpigmentación/complicaciones , Hiperpigmentación/patología , Liquen Plano/complicaciones , Liquen Plano/patología , Enfermedades de la Uña , Biopsia , Epidermis/patología , Dermatosis Facial/patología , Queratosis/patología , Uñas/patologíaRESUMEN
Scleredema of Buschke (SB) is a rare disorder of connective tissue characterized by diffuse non-pitting induration of the skin, mainly on the cervical, deltoid and dorsal regions. It is a cutaneous mucinosis of unknown etiology and is associated with bacterial or viral infections, hematological disorders and diabetes mellitus. Histopathological examination shows thickened dermis with wide collagen bundles separated by gaps that correspond to mucopolysaccharide deposits, visualized using special staining. Several treatments are reported in the literature without well-established results. We report a case of SB in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
RESUMEN
SUMMARY Scleredema of Buschke (SB) is a rare disorder of connective tissue characterized by diffuse non-pitting induration of the skin, mainly on the cervical, deltoid and dorsal regions. It is a cutaneous mucinosis of unknown etiology and is associated with bacterial or viral infections, hematological disorders and diabetes mellitus. Histopathological examination shows thickened dermis with wide collagen bundles separated by gaps that correspond to mucopolysaccharide deposits, visualized using special staining. Several treatments are reported in the literature without well-established results. We report a case of SB in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
RESUMO Escleredema de Buschke (EB) é doença rara do tecido conjuntivo caracterizada por endurecimento difuso e não depressível da pele, principalmente nas regiões cervical, deltoideanas e dorso. Enquadrado no grupo das mucinoses cutâneas, tem etiologia desconhecida e associação com: infecções bacterianas ou virais, alterações hematológicas e diabetes mellitus. O exame histopatológico evidencia derme espessada com fibras colágenas calibrosas separadas por fendas que correspondem a depósito de mucopolissacárides, observados por colorações especiais. Diversos tratamentos são relatados na literatura sem resultados bem definidos. Descrevemos caso de EB em paciente com diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
RESUMEN
We describe a fifty-six-year old, Afro-descendent female patient showing dystrophy of her twenty nails and hyperchromic, asymptomatic macule on her face. Histopathological examination of the macule showed vacuolization of the basal layer, melanophages in the superficial dermis and lymphoplasmocytic inflammatory infiltrate. Nail biopsy revealed orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis and lichenoid inflammatory infiltrate. Lichen planus pigmentosus is an uncommon variety of lichen planus. It is characterized by typical hyperpigmented macules on the face and neck. Nail changes might be present in 10% of lichen planus cases, but no associations with lichen planus pigmentosus have been described. We report a case of lichen planus in twenty nails associated with lichen planus pigmentosus on the patient's face.