Factors associated with stroke after COVID-19 vaccination: a statewide analysis.

Background: The objective of our study was to evaluate vaccine type, COVID-19 infection, and their association with stroke soon after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, we estimated the 21-day post-vaccination incidence of stroke among the recipients of the first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. We linked the Georgia Immunization Registry with the Georgia Coverdell Acute Stroke Registry and the Georgia State Electronic Notifiable Disease Surveillance System data to assess the relative risk of stroke by the vaccine type. Results: Approximately 5 million adult Georgians received at least one COVID-19 vaccine between 1 December 2020 and 28 February 2022: 54% received BNT162b2, 41% received mRNA-1273, and 5% received Ad26.COV2.S. Those with concurrent COVID-19 infection within 21 days post-vaccination had an increased risk of ischemic (OR = 8.00, 95% CI: 4.18, 15.31) and hemorrhagic stroke (OR = 5.23, 95% CI: 1.11, 24.64) with no evidence for interaction between the vaccine type and concurrent COVID-19 infection. The 21-day post-vaccination incidence of ischemic stroke was 8.14, 11.14, and 10.48 per 100,000 for BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and Ad26.COV2.S recipients, respectively. After adjusting for age, race, gender, and COVID-19 infection status, there was a 57% higher risk (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.42) for ischemic stroke within 21 days of vaccination associated with the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine compared to BNT162b2; there was no difference in stroke risk between mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2. Conclusion: Concurrent COVID-19 infection had the strongest association with early ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke after the first dose of COVID-19 vaccination. Although not all determinants of stroke, particularly comorbidities, were considered in this analysis, the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine was associated with a higher risk of early post-vaccination ischemic stroke than BNT162b2.

Telemedicine impact on post-stroke outpatient follow-up in an academic healthcare network during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The expansion of telemedicine associated with the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced outpatient medical care. The objective of our study was to determine the impact of telemedicine on post-acute stroke clinic follow-up. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the impact of telemedicine in Emory Healthcare, an academic healthcare system of comprehensive and primary stroke centers in Atlanta, Georgia, on post-hospital stroke clinic follow-up. We compared the frequency of 90-day follow-up in a centralized subspecialty stroke clinic among patients hospitalized before the local COVID-19 pandemic (January 1, 2019- February 28, 2020), during (March 1- April 30, 2020) and after telemedicine implementation (May 1- December 31, 2020). A comparison was made across hospitals less than 1 mile, 10 miles, and 25 miles from the stroke clinic. RESULTS: Of 1096 ischemic stroke patients discharged home or to a rehab facility during the study period, 342 (31%) had follow-up in the Emory Stroke Clinic (comprehensive stroke center 46%, primary stroke center 10 miles away 18%, primary stroke center 25 miles away 14%). Overall, 90-day follow-up increased from 19% to 41% after telemedicine implementation (p<0.001) with telemedicine appointments amounting for up to 28% of all follow-up visits. In multivariable analysis, factors associated with teleneurology follow-up (vs no follow-up) included discharge from the comprehensive stroke center, thrombectomy treatment, private insurance, private transport to the hospital, NIHSS 0-5 and history of dyslipidemia. CONCLUSIONS: Despite telemedicine implementation at an academic healthcare network successfully increasing post-stroke discharge follow-up in a centralized subspecialty stroke clinic, the majority of patients did not complete 90-day follow-up during the COVID-19 pandemic.