Influence of UV nail lamps radiation on human keratinocytes viability.

Ultraviolet nail lamps are becoming increasingly popular, however, the safety of their use remains controversial. The following article directly responds to recently published literature data and aims to determine the viability of human keratinocytes irradiated by a UV nail-drying machine. Cells were exposed to 365-405 nm wavelength UV light emitted by a nail drying machine in two time variants: 4 and 20 min, with and without sunscreen cream SPF50 protection, and compared to the untreated control. Compared to the control, cell viability after irradiation for 4 min decreased insignificantly (p < 0.1), however for 20 min decreased by 35% (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, cells with sunscreen protection compared to those without showed significantly increased viability, regardless of time-variant (p < 0.0001). The study shows that 4-min irradiation does not significantly reduce the viability of human keratinocytes and the time of 20 min significantly alters the research results compared to 4 min, which corresponds to real conditions. The results suggest that typical manicure exposure time does not significantly affect keratinocyte viability, which could increase the risk of developing skin cancers. Despite the above results, it is recommended to use sunscreen protection on your hands during the procedure, which significantly increases the viability of keratinocytes during ultraviolet nail lamp radiation.

An original study of ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 Dermatological Knowledge Level based on the Dermatology Specialty Certificate Examinations.

BACKGROUND: The global use of artificial intelligence has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare industry. Despite the fact that artificial intelligence is becoming more popular, there is still a lack of evidence on its use in dermatology. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine the capacity of ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 to support dermatological knowledge and clinical decision-making in medical practice. METHODS: Three dermatology specialty certificate tests, in English and Polish, consisting of 120 single-best-answer, multiple-choice format questions each, were used to assess ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 performance. RESULTS: ChatGPT-4 exceeded the 60% pass rate in every performed test, with a minimum of 80% and 70% correct answers for the English and Polish versions, respectively. ChatGPT-4 performed significantly better on each exam (p<0.01), regardless of the language, compared to ChatGPT-3.5. Furthermore, ChatGPT-4 answered clinical picture-type questions with an average accuracy of 92.98% and 84.21% for English and Polish questions respectively. The difference between the tests in Polish and English did not turn out to be significant but still, ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 in English performed better overall than in Polish by an average of 8 percentage points for each test. Incorrect ChatGPT answers were highly correlated with a lower difficulty index, which denotes questions with higher difficulty in most of the tests. (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The dermatological knowledge level of ChatGPT was high, with a significantly better performance of ChatGPT-4 than ChatGPT-3.5. Although the use of ChatGPT will not replace the doctor's final decision, physicians should support artificial intelligence development in dermatology to raise the standards of medical care.

Are YouTube videos a reliable source of information about body dysmorphic disorder?

Purpose: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by a preoccupation with a non-existing or minimal defect in appearance. It affects around 2% of the population, causes distress in daily functioning and reduces the quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and the quality of the most viewed videos regarding BDD on YouTube. Methods: YouTube was searched for the keywords "body dysmorphia" and "dysmorphophobia". The validated DISCERN instrument and the Global Quality Score (GQS) were used to assess video quality. The Video Power Index (VPI) score was used to evaluate the popularity of videos. Results: Only 3 videos were rated as good quality based on the DISCERN criteria. The mean DISCERN score between the raters was 32.89 ± 9.23, while the mean GCQ score was 2.84 ± 1.03. Even though only 23.7% of the videos were uploaded by a healthcare source, there was a significant difference between DISCERN scores depending on the source of the video: healthcare - 42 mean vs. non-healthcare - 30.07 mean (p = 0.0035). The mean score for the VPI was 2757 (range, 244.57-11,647.12). Conclusions: Our study showed that the quality of BDD-related videos on YouTube is poor. Physicians or healthcare organizations should publish more medical content on YouTube, increasing the amount of more reliable and better-quality content for patients.

Microbiome in Hidradenitis Suppurativa-What We Know and Where We Are Heading.

Recently, interest in the microbiome of cutaneous diseases has increased tremendously. Of particular interest is the gut-brain-skin axis proposed by Stokes and Pillsbury in 1930. The microbiome has been suggested in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa, however the link between the commensals and the host is yet to be established. Across all studies, the increased abundance of Porphyromonas, Peptoniphilus, and Prevotella spp., and a loss of skin commensal species, such as Cutibacterium in HS lesions, is a consistent finding. The role of gut and blood microbiome in hidradenitis suppurativa has not been fully elucidated. According to studies, the main link with the intestine is based on the increased risk of developing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, however, further research is highly needed in this area. Lifestyle, dietary approaches, and probiotics all seem to influence the microbiome, hence being a promising modality as adjuvant therapy. The aim of this review was to present the latest reports in the field of research on skin, blood, and gut microbiome in terms of hidradenitis suppurativa.

Immunomodulatory Drugs in the Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa-Possibilities and Limitations.

Hidradenitis suppurativa, also known as acne inversa, is a chronic, progressive, debilitating, recurrent inflammatory skin disease characterized by the occurrence of very severe, persistent, painful nodules, abscesses, and fistulas, most commonly found in the skin folds of the axilla, groin, gluteal, and perianal areas. Treatment is rather difficult and typically requires the use of multiple modalities. Regardless of the presence of several therapeutic options, treatment often turns out to be ineffective or poorly selected concerning the clinical picture of the disease. Thus, the search for new biologics and other target treatments of hidradenitis suppurativa is ongoing. The safety and efficacy of adalimumab, still the only U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved biologic in the hidradenitis suppurativa treatment, paved the way for new drugs to be compared with it. Several more drugs with new immunological targets are currently under investigation for the treatment of acne inversa. The aim of the article was to present the current and future targets of acne inversa treatment, simultaneously providing insights into the molecular pathomechanisms of the disease.

Off-Label Use of Botulinum Toxin in Dermatology-Current State of the Art.

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is a neurotoxin produced by the Clostridium botulinum bacteria. Among seven different isoforms, only BoNT-A and BoNT-B are commercially used. Currently, botulinum toxin has been indicated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in several disorders, among others: chronic migraine, hyperhidrosis, urinary incontinence from detrusor overactivity, or cosmetics. However, there are numerous promising reports based on off-label BTX usage, indicating its potential effectiveness in other diseases, which remains unknown to many. Among them, dermatological conditions, such as rosacea, annal fissure, Raynaud phenomenon, hypertrophic scars and keloids, and also hidradenitis suppurativa, are currently being investigated. This article aims to provide a comprehensive update on the off-label use of botulinum toxin in dermatology, based on an analysis and summary of the published literature.

Hidradenitis suppurativa: a review of current treatment options.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, progressive, debilitating, recurrent inflammatory skin disease characterized by the occurrence of very severe, persistent, painful nodules, abscesses, and fistulas, most commonly found in the skin folds of the axilla, groin, gluteal, and perianal areas. The pathogenesis of HS is still not completely understood; currently, it is considered to be an immune-mediated inflammatory illness (IMID). Due to the significant decrease in the patients' quality of life and a delayed beginning of a treatment, the selection of the appropriate therapy is extremely important in these patients. Regardless of the fact that there are multiple treatment options for HS, no uniformly effective therapy has been found. All the guidelines underline the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the disease, which enables providers to create the right management of HS. This article aims to provide updates on the current treatment options of acne inversa to raise awareness and improve the management of the disease.

Could a handbook serve as a useful educational intervention in improving disease knowledge? A cross-sectional study among patients with hidradenitis suppurativa in Poland.

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease characterized by the occurrence of severe, painful nodules, abscesses, and fistulas, most commonly found in the skin folds of the axilla, groin, gluteal, and perianal areas. The disease is of interest to many researchers, however, verified information for patients is still limited. Aim: To evaluate the baseline knowledge about acne inversa among patients suffering from the disease as well as to assess whether an educational intervention as a handbook can improve patients' knowledge of their illness. Material and methods: This research study was a cross-sectional survey conducted on HS Facebook support group. The respondents completed an anonymized questionnaire assessing their state of knowledge about acne inversa. After 1 month they were presented with a handbook. Thereafter the patients completed nearly the same anonymized questionnaire assessing the state of knowledge after reading the handbook. Results: We enrolled 102 participants before (group A) and 30 participants after (group B) the educational intervention. The vast majority of the participants (83.3%) appraised the idea of preparing a handbook as 10 points. In both groups, respondents who were aware of their disease severity had significantly superior results than the participants who were not. After reading the handbook extensively, more patients assessed the state of their general HS knowledge as 'good' than before. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that knowledge about HS among patients is still insufficient. Tools such as handbooks may prove useful in disseminating expertise and helping patients to understand their disease.

Antibiotic-Related Adverse Drug Reactions in Patients Treated on the Dermatology Ward of Medical University of Gdansk.

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are unexpected reactions to a medication administered in a correct way at a standard dose. Drug-induced skin reactions account for 60-70% of all ADRs. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-related dermatological ADR in patients treated in the department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology of the University Clinical Center in Gdansk, Poland, in the years 2004-2021. A retrospective analysis of patients' medical files was conducted in order to identify cases of ADR connected with the use of antibiotics, yielding 84 cases. The most common group of antibiotics were ß-lactam, causing ADR in 47 patients. ß-lactam antibiotics in our study included amoxicillin, alone and combined with clavulanic acid, and cephalosporins, affecting 22, 18 and 7 patients, respectively. In conclusion, ß-lactam antibiotics showed the highest prevalence among antibiotic-induced skin reactions. They accounted for 15% of cases of all dermatological drug reactions and 55% of those caused by antibiotics. Especially amoxicillin, prescribed as a single drug or in combination with clavulanic acid, was commonly the culprit. Due to its wide use in the hospital and outpatient clinic, these adverse reactions have to be kept in mind by both hospital staff and general practitioners.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma as a Complication of Long-Term Hydroxyurea Treatment.

Hydroxyurea therapy is commonly used in the treatment of patients suffering from myeloproliferative diseases, such as polycythemia vera. It is supported by evidence that this type of therapy can generate mild skin lesions like leg ulcers, erythema, and hyperpigmentation. There are also some studies that show an increased risk of development of nonmelanoma skin cancers. We report a 56-year-old man with a 13-year history of polycythemia vera, treated chronically with hydroxyurea. In April 2020, the patient presented a skin lesion on the forehead, skin horn on the left forearm, and hyperkeratosis on the rims of both ears. In the patient's history, in October 2019, complete excision of the skin lesion in the central area of the forehead was performed. After 4 months, a new skin lesion appeared at the same area of the forehead, which in May 2020 after resection in the histopathological examination was diagnosed as recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of the case is to draw the clinicians' attention to the increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma in patients treated with hydroxyurea. Increased vigilance would make it possible to recognize them earlier, and thus potentially reduce the undesirable effects associated with the delayed radical treatment of these skin cancers. Randomized clinical trials assessing the potential benefits of oral retinoids for chemoprevention of nonmelanoma skin cancers in the hydroxyurea-treated population should also be considered.

Knowledge and Awareness of Colorectal Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in men and the second most common in women. The disease constitutes a significant civilization and social problem. THE AIM: The aim of the study is to assess the sudy group's awareness and knowledge about CRC, as well as about its diagnostics and treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An online questionaire form was distributed in the study group regarding issues related to CRC, and followed by statistical analysis and interpretation of the obtained survey results. RESULTS: After analysis, we found that a significant percentage of the surveyed sample group had basic knowledge and awareness in the area of CRC, whereas about half of the respondents did not consider themselves sufficiently informed about the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the scale of the problem posed by CRC, it is necessary to undertake broader action to promote knowledge about this disease and to carry out this type of research on a larger and more socioeconomically diverse population.

Expression of the PLS3 Gene in Circulating Cells in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.

UNLABELLED: Circulating tumor cells (CTC) are cells in circulating blood that have the antigen and gene features of tumor cells of a specific type. Since they can be potentially used in diagnostics and monitoring of treatment of many tumors, they have been attracting attention of researchers worldwide. Plastin-3 (PL S3) is one of such markers of CTC. The aim of the study was to assess expression of PL S3 in CTC in patients with colorectal cancer, to conduct a statistical analysis and to demonstrate a link between expression of PL S3 and progress of the disease, level of CEA and Ca19-9 markers, gender and age of the patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A group of 85 patients of the Department of General and Colorectal Surgery of the Medical University in Lódz were enrolled in this study. Circulating tumor cells were isolated from whole blood of patients with colorectal cancer and an analysis of PL S3 gene expression in CTC was conducted. The next step was to conduct a statistical analysis and to demonstrate a link between expression of PL S3 in patients' CTC and progress of the disease, level of CEA and Ca 19-9 markers, gender and age of the patients. RESULTS: PL S3 is a marker which can be potentially used in prediction and monitoring of colorectal cancer. A link between expression of PL S3 in CTC of patients with colorectal cancer and metastasis to lymph nodes has been demonstrated. It may be of key importance how PL S3 could impact the qualification to supplementary cancer treatment in patients with stage II colorectal cancer. A link between expression of PL S3 gene in CTC and gender requires further in-depth studies. It is beyond doubt that PL S3 must be further investigated to determine its role in diagnostics, prediction, treatment and monitoring of treatment of colorectal cancer.