[Blood gas analysis of forearm veins--at rest and after exercise of forearm muscles and laser Doppler flowmetry of skin on the back of the palm--use in evaluation of microcirculation in diabetes type 2]. / Gazometria zylna obwodu konczyny górnej--spoczynkowa i po wysilku miesni przedramienia oraz laserowa przeplywometria dopplerowska skóry grzbietu dloni--zastosowanie do oceny funkcji mikrokrazenia w cukrzycy typu 2.

The aim of the study was to compare of nondominant forearm microcirculation in adult-type diabetes and healthy subjects with use of venous blood gasometry (vbg) sampled from basilic vein before and after exercise of antebrachial muscles and with use of laser doppler fluxometry (LDF) with optode localized in dorsal palm surface. Examinations were performed in groups of 16 diabetic patients (aged 43.5 +/- 5.7) and 16 healthy subjects (aged 39.3 +/- 7.8). After exercise of antebrachial muscles in diabetic patients in vbg were: pH higher, pO2 and satO2 lower than in healthy subjects, pCO2 and -HCO3 were not different in both group. In LDF in diabetic patients impaired hypraemic reaction, impaired heating to 40 degrees C reaction and hyperaemic reaction in this temperature were found.

[Renovascular hypertension with high serum zinc in serum of a patient with ceroid-lipofuscinosis and genome 46,XY,9qh+]. / Nadcisnienie tetnicze naczyniowo-nerkowe z podwyzszonym stezeniem cynku w surowicy u chorego z ceroidolipofuscynoza i genomem 46,XY,9qh+.

A case of a 38-year-old patient with severe renovascular hypertension high serum zinc concentration and ceroidlipofuscinosis was presented. The diagnosis of ceroidlipofuscinosis was based on electron microscope picture of mucosus tissue of rectum where the secondary lisosoms, so characteristic of this disease, were found in cells of connective tissue.

Immunological status of competitive cyclists before and after the training season.

The total number of leucocytes, T lymphocyte subsets, mitogen induced proliferation of lymphocytes, Il-2 generation, adherence capacity and chemiluminescence of granulocytes were measured and a leukergy test performed in fifteen young cyclists. The investigations were carried out at rest at the beginning of a training season and after six months of intensive training and a racing season, cycling approximately 500 km a week. Baseline values of the tested immune parameters were within the range observed in 16 non-trained healthy controls except significantly increased non stimulated neutrophil chemiluminescence. The second cyclo-ergometer test in August showed a marked improvement in the performance capacity of the cyclists. Significant decrease in absolute numbers of CD3+ and CD4+ cells, diminished IL-2 generation and fMLP and PMA stimulated chemiluminescence of neutrophils were noted. Surprisingly, a marked increase in lymphocyte proliferation induced by PHA and anti-CD3 MoAb and normalisation in non stimulated neutrophil chemiluminescence were also observed at rest after the training season. We conclude that long-lasting intensive training may result in significant alterations in lymphocyte number and composition and in neutrophil oxidative burst capacity, but their actual significance for immunity is seen controversially.

The effect of thymic hormones (TFX) on lymphocyte subpopulations and proliferation after maximal physical effort.

The studies were performed on healthy well-trained cyclists. Maximal physical exercise was performed on a Monark bicycle ergometer according to individual schemes. Heart rate amounting to about 200 bts/min and oxygen consumption stabilization were considered as criteria for maximal physical exercise. In this study we have investigated the effect of short-term stimulation of conditioned sportsmen with thymic hormones and evaluated T cell subsets, DR antigen and transferrin receptor expression as well as mitogen-induced proliferation of lymphocytes before and after maximal physical effort. The results suggest that intensive physical exercise may be responsible for transient decrease of CD4/CD8 ratio and mitogen responsiveness, and increase of mononuclear cells number bearing HLA DR+ and CD71 antigens. These changes were modified by the treatment with thymic hormones.

Relationship between plasma ammonia and blood lactate concentrations after maximal treadmill exercise in circumpubertal girls and boys.

The purpose of the study was to define a relationship between plasma ammonia [NH3]pl and blood lactate concentrations [la-]b after exercise in children and to find out whether the [NH3]pl, determined during laboratory treadmill tests, may be useful as a predictor of the children's sprint running ability. A group of 20 girls and 14 boys trained in athletics or swimming and 8 untrained boys, aged 13.2 to 13.7 years, participated in the study. Their [NH3]pl and [la-]b were measured before and after incremental maximal treadmill exercise. In addition, the subjects' running performance was tested in 30-, 60- and 600- or 1000-m runs under field conditions. The [NH3]pl during the treadmill runs increased by 20.1 (SD 17.3), 24 (SD 16.7) and 10 (SD 4.3) mumol.l-1 in the girls, the trained boys and the untrained boys, respectively. The postexercise [NH3]pl correlated positively with [la-]b (r = 0.565 in the girls and 0.812 in the boys) and treadmill speed attained during the test (r = 0.489 in the girls and 0.490 in the boys). Significant correlations were also found between [NH3]pl obtained during the treadmill test and the times of 30- and 60-m runs (r = -0.676 and -0.648, respectively) in the boys but not in the girls. A comparison of the present data with those reported previously in adults showed that increases in [NH3]pl during maximal exercise in children would seem to be lower than in adult subjects both in absolute values and in relation to [la-]b.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of maximal physical exercise on T-lymphocyte subpopulations and on interleukin 1 (IL 1) and interleukin 2 (IL 2) production in vitro.

Maximal physical exercise was performed on a Monark bicycle ergometer according to individual schemes. The investigations were carried out on 11 highly trained cyclists, aged 20 +/- 1 years. Heart rate (HR) amounting to about 200 bts/min and oxygen consumption stabilization were considered as criteria for maximal physical exercise. Lymphocyte phenotypes were determined using monoclonal antibodies. A significant increase in Ts (suppressor, cytotoxic) and a moderate increase in Th (helper, inducer) and NK (natural killer) cell numbers were noted 3 min after maximal physical exercise. At the same time, a significant diminution of the Th/Ts ratio was observed. A significant increase of interleukin 1 production and a diminished interleukin 2 production as well as spontaneous interleukin 2 receptor expression (Tac antigen) were observed at the same time. After a 2-h recovery, there was a normalization of most of the parameters investigated. The results suggest that maximal physical exercise in highly trained bicycle racers generates transient changes in immune cell function.

Effect of physical exercise on some parameters of immunity in conditioned sportsmen.

The studies were performed on 20 conditioned cyclists and 19 untrained men. At rest absolute and percent number of neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes, neutrophil bactericidal activity, and blood plasma beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were similar in sportsmen and untrained men, while neutrophil adherence was lowered in sportsmen. Maximal physical exercise induced significant rises in absolute numbers of neutrophils and monocytes in both groups. In sportsmen, adherence of neutrophils and monocytes and neutrophil bactericidal activity significantly decreased under the influence of exercise, while neutrophil phagocytic activity did not change. On the other hand, in untrained men, maximal physical exercise did not induce significant changes in neutrophil and monocyte adherence and bactericidal activity of neutrophils, but their phagocytic activity increased. Blood plasma beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, and LDH activities increased during exercise in both groups. The changes observed tended to normalize during 2-h recovery. The results obtained suggest that intensive physical exercise tends to depress nonspecific immunity, which may render sportsmen more susceptible to infections.

Changes in the helper and suppressor lymphocytes in human peripheral blood following maximal physical exercise.

Lymphocyte subpopulations and Con A activated suppressors were measured before, immediately after maximal physical effort on bicycle ergometer and after two-hour recovery. The investigations were performed on healthy male volunteers, trained male and female cyclist, nearly at the same age. The measured parameters of maximal effort were comparable in all investigated groups. The significant increase in T8+ (suppressor cytotoxic) cells and moderate increase in T4+ (helper inducer) cells was observed after maximal physical effort; these changes were accompanied by a significant diminution of a T4+/T8+ ratio. Two-hour recovery resulted in the normalization of the investigated parameters. The functional test based on Con A-induced suppressor activity has revealed the divergence, a decrease in Con A-induced suppressor cell activity was noted after maximal effort.

[Adherence of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with ACTH. Preliminary report]. / Adherencja neutrofilów krwi obwodowej u chorych na stwardnienie rozsiane leczonych ACTH. Doniesienie wstepne.

The authors studied the adherence of peripheral blood neutrophils in 15 patients with multiple sclerosis treated with ACTH. Increased adherence was found only in the whole population of white blood cells and immature precursors of granulocytes and polymorphonuclears but not in lymphocytes and eosinophils. Administration of ACTH caused a statistically not significant decrease of the adherence of various forms of white blood cells.

The effect of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) factors on T suppressor cell function in in vitro studies in healthy persons and some autoimmune disorders.

Lysosome proteins derived from peripheral blood granulocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus erythematosus (LE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and recurrent uveitis cause the impairment of Con A-induced suppressor cell activity in two-step culture in vitro. This effect is independent of lysosome protease activity. Such a phenomenon, observed in vitro, may cause disturbances in suppressor cell function in the course of the above diseases.

The effect of bone cement used for stabilization of endoprostheses on blood clotting system activity.

The authors carried out studies of the blood clotting and fibrinolysis systems in 15 patients undergoing total endoprosthetic replacement of the hip joint with a McKee-Ferrara type of prosthesis and stabilized by Surgical Simplex Acrylic bone cement (North Hill Plastics, Ltd. London). The observations point to statistically significant changes in the blood clotting and fibrinolysis systems with a tendency towards hypercoagulation and intravascular clotting (DIC). Fibrinolysis activation associated with these changes is secondary, resulting among others, from the mechanism of the action of free fibrin monomers.