A preliminary screening system for diabetes based on in-car electronic nose.

Studies have found differences in the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the breath of diabetics and healthy people, prompting attention to the use of devices such as electronic noses to detect diabetes. In this study, we explored the design of a non-invasive diabetes preliminary screening system that uses a homemade electronic nose sensor array to detect respiratory gas markers. In the algorithm part, two feature extraction methods were adopted, gradient boosting method was used to select promising feature subset, and then particle swarm optimization algorithm was introduced to extract 24 most effective features, which reduces the number of sensors by 56% and saves the system cost. Respiratory samples were collected from 120 healthy subjects and 120 diabetic subjects to assess the system performance. Random forest algorithm was used to classify and predict electronic nose data, and the accuracy can reach 93.33%. Experimental results show that on the premise of ensuring accuracy, the system has low cost and small size after the number of sensors is optimized, and it is easy to install on in-car. It provides a more feasible method for the preliminary screening of diabetes on in-car and can be used as an assistant to the existing detection methods.

Risk Factors for Postoperative Complications Following Aesthetic Breast Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 4973 Patients in China.

BACKGROUND: The popularity of aesthetic breast surgery in China results in greater demand for assessing risk factors for complications and mortality. OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence and independent risk factors for postoperative complications following aesthetic breast surgery in China. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study on 4973 patients who had aesthetic breast surgery between 2012 and 2021 was performed. Postoperative complications include minor complications (incision healing impaired, hematoma, or fat liquefaction) and surgical site infection (SSI), which were recorded within 30 days after surgery. The follow-up time was expanded to 1 year only after prosthesis implantation procedures. Potential risk factors including age, weight, length of hospital stay, operation time, volume resection, incision location, and other clinical profile information were evaluated. RESULTS: Among 4973 patients who underwent aesthetic breast surgery, the minor complication rate was 0.54%, and SSI was 0.68%. Augmentation with prosthesis implantation had the highest SSI rate (4.23%), which was significantly associated with increasing age (relative risk [RR] 1.12; P < 0.01) and periareolar incision (RR 5.87, P < 0.01). After augmentation with autologous fat transplantation, postoperative antibiotic use (RR 6.65, P < 0.01) was an independent risk factor for SSI. After adjusting for weight, volume resection over 1500 g (RR 14.7, P < 0.01) was an independent risk factor for SSI of reduction-mastopexy surgery. The complication rate of reduction mammaplasty (1.01%) and gynecomastia correction was lower (0.75%), and there was no record of complication in mastopexy procedures (n = 161). CONCLUSION: The incidence of postoperative complications following aesthetic breast surgery is low. Risk factors for complications mainly include increasing age, perioperative antibiotic use, periareolar incision, and extensive volume resection. Much more attention should be focused on those high-risk patients in clinical practice to decrease breast infection. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

A review of prophylactic antibiotics use in plastic surgery in China and a systematic review.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of antibiotic prophylaxis for plastic surgical procedures at our hospital, and to perform a systematic literature review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the use of prophylactic antibiotics in plastic surgery. The records of patients who received plastic surgical procedures with Class I surgical incisions between 2009 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. A systematic literature review was conducted for studies examining the use of prophylactic antibiotics for Class I surgical wounds. A total of 13,997 cases with Class I surgical incisions were included. Prophylactic antibiotics were given in 13,865 cases (99.1%). The antibiotics used were primarily cefuroxime, clindamycin, metronidazole, cefoxitin sodium, and gentamicin. The average duration of administration was 4.84 ± 3.07 (range, 1-51) days. Antibiotics were administered postoperatively in >99% of cases while preoperative antibiotic administration was only given in 32 cases (0.23%). Wound infections occurred in 21 cases for an overall infection rate of 0.15%. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria of the systematic review. There was marked variation in the timing of antibiotic administration with antibiotics given pre-, peri-, and postoperatively. Of studies that compared the use of prophylactic antibiotics with placebo, a reduction in wound infections was noted in 4 trials and no difference was noted in 6 trials. No significant difference in infection rates was shown between the prophylactic and postoperative arms. In conclusion, prophylactic antibiotics are overused in plastic surgical procedures. Evidence-based guidelines for the use of prophylactic antibiotics in plastic surgical procedures are needed.

Frontalis muscle flap suspension for the correction of congenital blepharoptosis in early age children.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to report our successful use of frontalis muscle flap suspension for the correction of congenital blepharoptosis in early age children. METHODS: This retrospective study included 61 early age children (41 boys, 20 girls) with an average age of 6 years (range, 3-10 years) with congenital blepharoptosis who received surgery during the period from March 2007 to January 2011. There were 39 cases of unilateral blepharoptosis and 22 cases of bilateral blepharoptosis, thus a total of 83 eyes were affected. If patient had bilateral blepharoptosis, both eyes were operated on in the same surgery. Patients were followed for 3 months to 5 years. The procedure was performed without complications in all cases. RESULTS: The postoperative healing grade was good in 81 eyes (97.6%); the correction of blepharoptosis was satisfactory, the double eyelid folds were natural and aesthetic, the eyelid position and the curvature were ideal, and the eyes were bilaterally symmetrical. The postoperative healing grade was fair in 2 eyes (2.4%); blepharoptosis was improved compared with that before surgery. At discharge, lagophthalmos was noted in 10 eyes of which 4 cases resolved by the last follow-up. The remaining 6 cases were mild. Eleven eyes received reoperation for residual ptosis after the first surgery. The curvature of the palpebral margin was not natural in 4 eyes. These unnatural curvature possibly was caused by an excessively low lateral fixation point or postoperative avulsion. CONCLUSION: Frontalis muscle flap suspension under general anesthesia for the correction of congenital blepharoptosis in early age children can achieve good surgical results.