Valuation of the cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the hidden curriculum evaluation scale in nursing education.

BACKGROUND: The hidden curriculum in baccalaureate nursing programs is a means of moral education. Evaluation of the curriculum by students and faculty can increase awareness of its characteristics, which could be useful for planning and further development. OBJECTIVES: This study's aim was to translate the Hidden Curriculum Evaluation Scale in Nursing Education (HCES-N) to Chinese, adapt the scale to the Chinese culture and evaluate its validity and reliability in a sample of undergraduate nursing students. DESIGN: Psychometric assessment of a tool using two cross-sectional surveys. SETTINGS: University-based schools of nursing in seven provinces and cities of China. PARTICIPANTS: Undergraduate nursing students in a baccalaureate program. METHODS: The English version of the HCES-N was translated to Chinese using the Brislin translation model. The test-retest, internal consistency and split-half reliabilities of the HCES-N were examined in a sample of 1016 undergraduate nursing students. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to examine the scale's content validity. RESULTS: The exploratory factor analysis of the final 44-item HCES-N revealed three common factors and a cumulative variance contribution rate of 73.535%. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the final 44-item, 3-factor model was adequate for the s cale's structure (Chi-square/df = 6.59, RMSEA = 0.074, SRMR = 0.040, CFI = 0.911 and TLI = 0.905). The results confirmed that the Chinese version of HCES-N had good internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.945); the scale's split-half-reliability was 0.794 and its test-retest reliability after two weeks was 0.894. CONCLUSION: The Chinese version of the HCES-N has good reliability and validity and it can be used to assess the hidden curriculum in baccalaureate nursing programs.

Application and effect evaluation of multidisciplinary team management model: On central venous access device associated skin impairment based on Delphi method.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a multidisciplinary management model based on Delphi method to guide nursing practice and reduce the incidence of CVAD-associated Skin Impairment (CASI) in tumor patients. METHODS: On the basis of literature review and focus group interview, the initial item pool of CASI management model for cancer patients was determined. The Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of letter consultation with 36 authoritative and representative experts to determine the content and weight of indicators of CASI multidisciplinary management model for cancer patients. RESULTS: Most of the research group were experts with bachelor degree or above. More than 90% of experts have worked for more than 10 years; Areas of expertise include oncology care, venous therapy, wound stomatology, and dermatology. The recovery rate of the two rounds of expert correspondence questionnaire was 100%. The authority coefficient of experts was 0.898, indicating a good degree of authority. Kendall's harmony coefficients were 0.193 and 0.250, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). After two rounds of expert letter consultation, a multidisciplinary management model of CASI for cancer patients was initially formed, which included 15 first-level prevention indexes and 38 second-level prevention indexes of CASI for cancer patients. There were 9 first-level indexes and 16 second-level indexes of CASI treatment in tumor patients. CONCLUSION: Cancer patients based on Delphi method to construct CASI multidisciplinary management model has high reliability and scientificity, multidisciplinary management model in the management of patients with tumor CASI exploration will provide new methods for central venous catheter nursing and the new way of thinking, will also be intravenous fluids will provide a scientific basis for professional development and quality improvement and practical experience.

[Comparison of the water consumption characteristics of Eucalyptus and Corymbia clone seedlings and the local indigenous tree species Bischofia javanica].

The water consumption, water consumption rate, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE) of Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis DH33-27, E. urophylla x E. grandis DH32-29, E. grandis H1, Corymbia ptychocarpa and an indigenous tree species Bischofia javanica were studied in normal soil moisture condition. The average daily water consumption of the five tree species was in the order of E. urophylla x E. grandis DH32-29 (188.47 +/- 14. 91) g > E. urophylla x E. grandis DH33-27 (169.27 +/- 16.26) g > E. grandis H1 (118.65 +/- 5.32) g > B. javanica (38.12 +/- 1.46) g > C. ptychocarpa (20.13 +/- 1.72) g, which had obviously positive correlation with the total leaf area of each seedling. The water consumption was mostly in the daytime, which took 90% of the whole day water consumption. The daily change of the water consumption rates of 5 kinds of seedlings followed the curve with one peak at 12:00-14:00. The total water consumption ability of Eucalyptus and Corymbia was higher than that of B. javanica. The water consumption rate of C. ptychocarpa was far higher than that of the other 4 kinds of seedlings, so its large area planting should be given full consideration to this issue. The change in water consumption rate of E. urophylla x E. grandis DH33-27 was mostly impacted by environmental temperature and humidity, because its water consumption rate was the smallest among 4 kinds of Eucalyptus and Corymbia seedlings during the daytime with high temperature and low humidity. The four clone seedlings of Eucalyptus and Corymbia showed higher photosynthetic rates and transpiration rates compared with B. javanica. Two clone seedlings of E. urophylla x E. grandis had better water-saving performance. The WUE of Eucalyptus and Corymbia was higher than that of B. javanica in general, except E. urophylla x E. Grandis DH33-27.

[Coupling effects of water and fertilizer on the biomass of Populus tomentosa seedlings].

Water and fertilizer are the two main factors promoting the fast growth and high-yielding of Populus tomentosa, and thus, to study their coupling effects on the biomass of P. tomentosa seedlings has important practical significance. Taking the P. tomentosa clone 87 seedlings as test materials, a pot experiment with rotary combination design of square regression of three factors with five levels was conducted in the nursery of Beijing Forestry University from March to October 2008 to study the coupling effects of water, fertilizer N, and fertilizer P on the biomass of the seedlings, and a related regressive mathematical model was established. The results showed that water was the main factor affecting the biomass of P. tomentosa seedlings, followed by fertilizer N, and fertilizer P. With the increasing input of the three factors, the biomass of the seedlings increased, but when the input was beyond a certain level, the biomass began to decrease. There was a significant positive interactive effect between water and fertilizer N, but a less interactive effect between fertilizer N and fertilizer P and between water and fertilizer P. In our case, the optimal combination of water and fertilizer was 73.37% of field capacity + 4.14 g x plant(-1) of N fertilization + 1.41 g x plant(-1) of P fertilization, under which, the biomass of P. tomentosa seedlings achieved 68.30 g x plant(-1).

Changes of leaf morphological, anatomical structure and carbon isotope ratio with the height of the Wangtian tree (Parashorea chinensis) in Xishuangbanna, China.

Leaf morphological and anatomical structure and carbon isotope ratio (delta13C) change with increasing tree height. To determine how tree height affects leaf characteristics, we measured the leaf area, specific leaf mass (ratio of leaf mass to leaf area [LMA]), thickness of the total leaf, cuticle, epidermis, palisade and sponge mesophyll, stomata traits and delta13C at different heights of Parashorea chinensis with methods of light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. The correlation and stepwise regression between tree height and leaf structure traits were carried out with SPSS software. The results showed that leaf structures and delta13C differed significantly along the tree height gradient. The leaf area, thickness of sponge mesophyll and size of stomata decreased with increasing height, whereas the thickness of lamina, palisade mesophyll, epidermis, and cuticle, ratios of palisade to spongy thickness, density of stomata and vascular bundles, LMA and delta13C increased with tree height. Tree height showed a significant relationship with all leaf indices and the most significant relationship was with epidermis thickness, leaf area, cuticle thickness, delta13C. The delta13C value showed a significantly positive relationship with LMA (R = 0.934). Our results supported the hypothesis that the leaf structures exhibited more xeromorphic characteristics with the increasing gradient of tree height.