Urinary miR-185-5p is a biomarker of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in IgA nephropathy.

Background: For IgA nephropathy (IgAN), tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis is the most important prognostic pathological indicator in the mesangial and endocapillary hypercellularity, segmental sclerosis, interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy, and presence of crescents (MEST-C) score. The identification of non-invasive biomarkers for tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis would aid clinical monitoring of IgAN progression and improve patient prognosis. Methods: The study included 188 patients with primary IgAN in separate confirmation and validation cohorts. The associations of miR-92a-3p, miR-425-5p, and miR-185-5p with renal histopathological lesions and prognosis were explored using Spearman correlation analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase experiments were used to identify hub genes for miR-185-5p. The fibrotic phenotypes of tubular epithelial cells were evaluated in vivo and in HK-2 cells. Results: miRNA sequencing and cohort validation revealed that the expression levels of miR-92a-3p, miR-425-5p, and miR-185-5p in urine were significantly increased among patients with IgAN; these levels could predict the extent of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis in such patients. The combination of the three biomarkers resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.742. The renal prognosis was significantly worse in the miR-185-5p high expression group than in the low expression group (P=0.003). Renal tissue in situ hybridization, bioinformatics analysis, and dual luciferase experiments confirmed that miR-185-5p affects prognosis in patients with IgAN mainly by influencing expression of the target gene tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) in renal tubular epithelial cells. In vitro experiment revealed that an miR-185-5p mimic could reduce TJP1 expression in HK-2 cells, while increasing the levels of α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen III; these changes promoted the transformation of renal tubular epithelial cells to a fibrotic phenotype. An miR-185-5p inhibitor can reverse the fibrotic phenotype in renal tubular epithelial cells. In a unilateral ureteral obstruction model, the inhibition of miR-185-5p expression alleviated tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis. Conclusion: Urinary miR-185-5p, a non-invasive biomarker of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis in IgAN, may promote the transformation of renal tubular epithelial cells to a fibrotic phenotype via TJP1.

Aspongopyrimidine A, a N-Peralkylated Histidine Zwitterion from Aspongopus chinensis against Alzheimer's Disease Targeting MAPRE3.

Aspongopyrimidine A (1), a hexa-1,3-diene-histidine-hexanoic acid adduct featuring a 4,5-dihydro-2H-10λ4-imidazo[5,1-f]pyrrolo[2,1-b]pyrimidine motif, was isolated from the insect Aspongopus chinensis. The structure was clarified by spectroscopic and computational methods and X-ray diffraction. Peralkylation of N-atoms in histidine by two C6 units makes 1 an inner salt with a 5/6/5 tricyclic system. Biological evaluation found that 1 exerts activity against Alzheimer's disease targeting MAPRE3 through a chemical proteomics approach. This study revealed unusual modifications of amino acids as the fundamental units of protein.

Correction: Metformin inhibits the proliferation of benign prostatic epithelial cells.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173335.].

Dimeric N-Acetyldopamine Derivatives Featuring a Seco-Benzene System from the Insects Aspongopus chinensis and Periostracum cicadae.

Aspongamide F (1), a novel N-acetyldopamine (NADA) dimer possessing a 6/6/6 ring system, and (±)-aspongamides G (2) and H (3), rare NADA derivatives with fragmented benzene rings, were isolated from Aspongopus chinensis. (±)-Cicadamides C (4) and D (5), the first 1,4-Benzodioxane NADA dimers featuring a seco-benzene system, and (±)-cicadamides E (6) and F (7), the NADA dimers derivatives, were isolated from Periostracum cicadae. The structures of all compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and computational methods. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for compounds 1-5 was proposed. The biological assay revealed that (+)-4 and (-)-4 exhibit renal protection in a dose-dependent manner.

Novel spirooxindole alkaloid derivatives from the medicinal insect Blaps japanensis and their biological evaluation.

Blapspirooxindoles A-C (1-3), three novel spirooxindole alkaloids with a unique spiro[chromane-4,3'-indoline]-2,2'-dione motif, blapcumaranons A and B (4 and 5), two new 2-cumaranon derivatives, blapoxindoles A-J (6-15), ten new oxindole alkaloid derivatives, along with one known compound (16), were isolated from the whole bodies of Blaps japanensis. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by using spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic, and computational methods. Compounds 1-11 and 13 exist as racemic mixtures in nature, and their (-)- and (+)-antipodes were separated by chiral HPLC. Biological evaluations of these compounds were determined with multiple assays including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and renal protection activities in vitro. Several compounds displayed effective activity in one or more assays.

Simulated weightlessness induces hippocampal insulin resistance and cognitive impairment.

Growing evidence highlights the potential consequences of long-term spaceflight, including gray matter volume reduction and cognitive dysfunction with subclinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus among astronauts, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that long-term simulated weightlessness induced hippocampal insulin resistance and subsequent neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in rats. Rats subjected to 4-week tail suspension exhibited peripheral insulin resistance, evidenced by increased fasting blood glucose and abnormal glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance, alongside reduced spontaneous activity and impaired recognition memory. In addition, 4 weeks of simulated weightlessness induced neuronal apoptosis and degeneration in the hippocampus, as evidenced by increased TUNEL and Fluoro-Jade B staining-positive neurons. Mechanistically, insulin-stimulated hippocampal Akt phosphorylation was decreased, while PTEN, the negative regulator of insulin signaling, was increased in the hippocampus in tail-suspended rats. Interestingly, treatment with berberine, an insulin sensitizer, partly reversed the above-mentioned effects induced by simulated weightlessness. These data suggest that long-term simulated weightlessness induces cognitive impairment as well as neuronal apoptosis and neural degeneration, partially through hippocampal insulin resistance via PTEN up-regulation. Berberine treatment attenuates hippocampal insulin resistance and improves cognitive function.

Isobaric Stable Isotope N-Phosphorylation Labeling (iSIPL) for Ultrasensitive Proteome Quantification.

Stable isotope chemical labeling methods have been widely used for high-throughput mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative proteomics in biological and clinical applications. However, the existing methods are far from meeting the requirements for high sensitivity detection. In the present study, a novel isobaric stable isotope N-phosphorylation labeling (iSIPL) strategy was developed for quantitative proteome analysis. The tryptic peptides were selectively labeled with iSIPL tag to generate the novel reporter ions containing phosphoramidate P-N bond with high intensities under lower collision energies. iSIPL strategy are suitable for peptide sequencing and quantitative analysis with high sensitivity and accuracy even for samples of limited quantity. Furthermore, iSIPL coupled with affinity purification and mass spectrometry was applied to measure the dynamics of cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) interactomes during transactivation of the HIV-1 provirus. The interaction of CDK9 with PARP13 was found to significantly decrease during Tat-induced activation of HIV-1 gene transcription, suggesting the effectiveness of iSIPL strategy in dynamic analysis of protein-protein interaction in vivo. More than that, the proposed iSIPL strategy would facilitate large-scale accurate quantitative proteomics by increasing multiplexing capability.

Utility of intra-procedural cone-beam computed tomography imaging for the determination of the artery of Adamkiewicz suspected by angiography during transarterial embolization for hemoptysis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of cone-beam computed tomography (CT) performed for the determination of the artery of Adamkiewicz (AKA) suspected by angiography during trans-catheter bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 17 patients with hemoptysis who underwent cone-beam CT for evaluation of the AKA prior to arterial embolization from December 2014 to March 2022 were included. During the angiographic session, two interventional radiologists selected the possible AKAs that were defined as obscured hairpin-curved vessels arising from the dorsal branch of the intercostal arteries and running towards the midline in the arterially enhanced phase. Contrast-enhanced cone-beam CT was performed as an adjunct to angiography to determine whether the indefinite AKA was a real AKA based on whether it was found to connect to the anterior spinal artery. RESULTS: Selective cone-beam CT was performed at 17 possible AKAs detected by selective arteriogram of the intercostal artery (ICA). Cone-beam CT allowed for the determination of AKAs in 16 cases (94.1%). As a result of cone-beam CT findings, 9 of 16 study arteries (56.3%) were judged as definite AKAs, and the remaining 7 (43.7%) were judged as definitely not AKAs but as the musculocutaneous branching from the dorsal branch of the ICA. In 1 of 17 cases (5.9%), cone-beam CT could not determine the AKA because of poor image quality caused by inadequate breath holding. An additional anterior radiculomedullary artery arising from the dorsal branch of the lower ICA because of the inflow of the contrast medium through the anastomosis was detected in one case by conebeam CT but not by angiography. CONCLUSION: Intraprocedural enhanced cone-beam CT performed as an adjunctive technique to angiography is sufficient for confident determination of the AKA, which is essential for the operators to perform accurate and safe arterial embolization for hemoptysis.

Five New Cantharidin Derivatives from the Insect Mylabris cichorii L. and Their Potential against Kidney Fibrosis In Vitro.

Five new monoterpenoids including three 1-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl cantharimide-type derivatives (1, 2, and 5) and two 1,2-dimethyl cantharimide-type derivatives (3 and 4), together with three known compounds (6-8) were isolated from the insect Mylabris cichorii Linnaeus. The structures of these new compounds, including their absolute configurations, were characterized by detailed analysis of NMR, chemical derivatization, and quantum chemical ECD calculations. All of the compounds were tested for their biological activity against kidney fibrosis. The results revealed that compounds 2, 4, and 7 could inhibit kidney fibrosis in vitro at 40 µM by inhibiting the expression of fibronectin and collagen I in TGF-ß1-induced NRK-52e cells.

Effect of Strain Rate on Nano-Scale Mechanical Behavior of A-Plane (112¯0) ZnO Single Crystal by Nanoindentation.

In this study, nanoindentation tests at three different strain rates within 100 nm indentation depth were conducted on an a-plane (112¯0) ZnO single crystal to investigate the effect of strain rate on its nano-scale mechanical behavior. The load-indentation-depth curves, pop-in events, hardness and Young's moduli of an a-plane (112¯0) ZnO single crystal at different strain rates were investigated at the nano-scale level. The results indicated that, with the indentation depth increasing, the load increased gradually at each maximum indentation depth, hma, during the loading process. A distinct pop-in event occurred on each loading curve except that corresponding to the hmax of 10 nm. The applied load at the same indentation depth increased with the increasing strain rate during the nanoindentation of the a-plane (112¯0) ZnO single crystal. The higher strain rate deferred the pop-in event to a higher load and deeper indentation depth, and made the pop-in extension width larger. The hardness showed reverse indentation size effect (ISE) before the pop-in, and exhibited normal ISE after the pop-in. Both the hardness and the Young's modulus of the a-plane (112¯0) ZnO single crystal increased with the increasing strain rate, exhibiting the positive strain-rate sensitivity.

COX-2 and iNOS inhibitory abietane diterpenoids from Pinus yunnanensis exudates.

Pinuskesiols A-F (1-6), six new structurally diverse abietane diterpenoids were isolated from Pinus yunnanensis resins. Their structures including absolute configurations were characterized by using spectroscopic and computational methods. All the compounds bear a carbonyl functionality at C-4 with 1 and 2 behaving as a lactone thereof. The isopropyl group is attached to C-13 via O-atom in 3. In addition, the presence of a Δ5(6) double bond and a ketone at C-7 makes 2 a large conjugated system. Biological evaluation revealed that 1, 2, and 4 could concentration-dependently inhibit iNOS and COX-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells with 2 to be the most active toward COX-2 inhibition.

Evaluation of Renal Impairment in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease by Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors related to renal impairment in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) from the perspective of integrated Chinese and Western medicine. METHODS: Totally 492 patients with DKD in 8 Chinese hospitals from October 2017 to July 2019 were included. According to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging guidelines, patients were divided into a chronic kidney disease (CKD) 1-3 group and a CKD 4-5 group. Clinical data were collected, and logistic regression was used to analyze the factors related to different CKD stages in DKD patients. RESULTS: Demographically, male was a factor related to increased CKD staging in patients with DKD (OR=3.100, P=0.002). In clinical characteristics, course of diabetes >60 months (OR=3.562, P=0.010), anemia (OR=4.176, P<0.001), hyperuricemia (OR=3.352, P<0.001), massive albuminuria (OR=4.058, P=0.002), atherosclerosis (OR=2.153, P=0.007) and blood deficiency syndrome (OR=1.945, P=0.020) were factors related to increased CKD staging in patients with DKD. CONCLUSIONS: Male, course of diabetes >60 months, anemia, hyperuricemia, massive proteinuria, atherosclerosis, and blood deficiency syndrome might indicate more severe degree of renal function damage in patients with DKD. (Registration No. NCT03865914).

Sleep disturbances and sleep patterns in children with tic disorder: A case-control study.

Study objectives: To characterize sleep disturbances and sleep patterns in children with Tic disorder (TD), and explore their association with TD severity and types. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 271 children with TD recruited from a clinical setting and 271 non-TD children recruited from a primary school, matched by age (mean = 8.47 years, SD = 1.53 years) and gender (15.1% female). The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to assess sleep patterns and sleep disturbances. The TD types and severity were assessed with the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS). Results: The TD children scored higher on CSHQ total score than non-TD group (t = 29.50, p < 0.001) and demonstrated severer global sleep disturbance. Compared to non-TD children, TD children presented with increased risks for global sleep disturbance (aOR: 1.95; 95% CI = 1.20-3.06), and most specific sleep disturbances, including bedtime resistance (aOR: 3.15; 95% CI = 1.96-5.06), sleep onset delay (aOR: 3.43; 95% CI = 1.58-7.46), sleep anxiety (aOR: 2.83; 95%CI = 1.83-4.38), parasomnias (aOR: 3.68; 95% CI = 2.02-6.62), night waking (aOR: 9.29; 95% CI = 2.64-32.65), sleep disordered breathing (aOR: 1.72; 95% CI = 1.03-2.90) and daytime sleepiness (aOR: 1.72; 95% CI = 1.09-2.74). Children with mild and moderate tics, Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD), Chronic Tic Disorder (CTD) and Tourette Syndrome (TS) presented with more global and more specific sleep disturbances. In addition, combined ADHD, etc. Conclusion: Children with TD are major risks for increased sleep disturbances, especially for those with severe and chronic symptoms. Furthermore, comorbid ADHD increases risk in certain areas of sleep. These findings highlight the importance to consider sleep outcomes in the assessment and treatment for children with TD.

Unusual sesquilignans with anti-inflammatory activities from the resin of Ferula sinkiangensis.

Sinkianlignans A - D (1-4), four new sesquilignans with an unusual architectures was characterized with a rarely α-γ', ß-γ', and γ-γ' linkage pattern, and sinkianlignans E - F (5 and 6), two lignans, were isolated from the Ferula sinkiangensis. Hypothetic biosynthetic pathway of compound 3 contain a newly formed six-membered C-ring by Diels-Alder cycloaddition. The structures of isolates were established by spectroscopic techniques and computational methods. Biological evaluation of all the isolated compounds revealed that compounds 2a and 2b could inhibit IL-6 and TNF-α production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner.

TGF-ß1 peptide-based inhibitor P144 ameliorates renal fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating alternatively activated macrophages.

OBJECTIVES: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of chronic renal fibrosis. Currently, numerous therapies have shown a minimal effect on the blockade of fibrosis progression. Here, the therapeutic potential of peptide-based TGF-ß1 inhibitor P144 in IRI-induced renal fibrosis and the underlying mechanism were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury with the contralateral nephrectomy model was established, and the P144 was administered intravenously 1d/14d after the onset of IRI. The histopathology and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect renal fibrosis and macrophage infiltration. The in vivo fluorescence imaging was used to measure the bio-distribution of P144. The transwell assays were used to observe the migration of macrophages. RT-qPCR and western blot were used to analyze TGF-ß1 signaling. RESULTS: P144 ameliorated the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the kidney and improved the renal function in the unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury plus contralateral nephrectomy model. Mechanistically, P144 downregulated the TGF-ß1-Smad3 signaling at both the transcriptional and translational levels and further reduced the TGF-ß1-dependent infiltration of macrophages to the injured kidney. Additionally, P144 blocked the polarization of macrophages to an M2-like phenotype induced by TGF-ß1 in vitro, but showed no effect on their proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the TGF-ß1 peptide-based inhibitor P144 decreased renal fibrosis through the blockade of the TGF-ß1-Smad3 signaling pathway and the modulation of macrophage polarization, suggesting its potential therapeutic use in IRI-induced renal fibrosis.

High-throughput unmanned aerial vehicle-based phenotyping provides insights into the dynamic process and genetic basis of rapeseed waterlogging response in the field.

Waterlogging severely affects the growth, development, and yield of crops. Accurate high-throughput phenotyping is important for exploring the dynamic crop waterlogging response in the field, and the genetic basis of waterlogging tolerance. In this study, a multi-model remote sensing phenotyping platform based on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to assess the genetic response of rapeseed (Brassica napus) to waterlogging, by measuring morphological traits and spectral indices over 2 years. The dynamic responses of the morphological and spectral traits indicated that the rapeseed waterlogging response was severe before the middle stage within 18 d after recovery, but it subsequently decreased partly. Genome-wide association studies identified 289 and 333 loci associated with waterlogging tolerance in 2 years. Next, 25 loci with at least nine associations with waterlogging-related traits were defined as highly reliable loci, and 13 loci were simultaneously identified by waterlogging tolerance coefficients of morphological traits, spectral indices, and common factors. Forty candidate genes were predicted in the regions of 13 overlapping loci. Our study provides insights into the understanding of the dynamic process and genetic basis of rapeseed waterlogging response in the field by a high-throughput UAV phenotyping platform. The highly reliable loci identified in this study are valuable for breeding waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed cultivars.

Development of a biotin-streptavidin-enhanced enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BA-ELISA) for high-throughput screening of KRASG12C inhibitors.

KRAS, the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancers, was considered "undruggable" until the identification of small molecules that bind irreversibly to the mutant reactive cysteine at residue 12. Despite the encouraging anticancer activity of KRASG12C inhibitors in clinical trials, identification of more potent drugs is expected to achieve the maximal clinical benefit, which is hindered by the low sensitivity or throughput of current biochemical approaches. To overcome these limitations, a biotin-streptavidin-enhanced enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BA-ELISA) based on the competitive interaction of biotin-labeled probe and the test compound with KRASG12C was developed. Compared with reported assays, less protein was used in BA-ELISA, which significantly improves the resolution of inhibitor potency, thus contributing to the identification of highly potent inhibitors. Furthermore, BA-ELISA can also be expanded to determine the cellular potency of the inhibitors using KRASG12C mutant living cells. Using three previously disclosed compounds, ARS-1620, AMG 510, and MRTX849, we demonstrated that BA-ELISA is a highly sensitive, specific, and robust method for high-throughput screening of KRASG12C inhibitors.

Dynamic observation and qualitative analysis of a psychological crisis hotline during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the chief complaints of psychological crisis hotlines during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Jiangsu, China, and to summarize the psychological characteristics of the public during the different stages of COVID-19. Methods: The chief complaints of calls to the psychological crisis hotline from 27 January 2020 to 30 June 2020. A total of 578 calls were extracted and grouped using thematic analysis into categories. After statistical analysis, the monthly and three-period trends were observed dynamically to determine whether there were statistical differences in the proportion of specific chief complaints over the phases. Results: There were a total of 495 cases of psychological problems or physical discomfort, accounting for 85.64% of the total sample number of hotline calls related to the pandemic. The numbers of callers with anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, illness anxiety, insomnia, and physical discomfort were 370 (64.01%), 103 (17.99%), 33 (5.71%), 36 (6.23%), 51 (8.82%), and 72 (12.46%), respectively, and 83 (14.36%) callers consulted other problems. The monthly main complaints showed a fluctuating trend, and each main complaint peaked at different stages. The main complaints during the three stages had distinct features, respectively, and the proportions of calls for the specific complaints differed statistically over the phases. Conclusion: Dynamic observation and qualitative analysis of psychological crisis hotline data might indicate dynamic changes and accordingly provide guidance for online crisis intervention when other public health crises occur.

Influence of sleep difficulty on post-traumatic stress symptoms among frontline medical staff during COVID-19 pandemic in China.

Being a nurse was demonstrated to be a risk factor for post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS) and insomnia among frontline staff during COVID-19 pandemic. The unidirectional relationship between insomnia and PTS highly suggested that insomnia could mediate the increasing risk of PTS among frontline nurses. However, no study had tried to clarify this mediation effect of insomnia during COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate prevalence of insomnia and PTS among frontline doctors and nurses and to clarify the relationship between career (doctor/nurses), insomnia and PTS. A total of 211 frontline doctors and nurses completed the investigation. Insomnia was measured using a self-drafted questionnaire and PTS was assessed using primary care post-traumatic stress disorder screen (PC-PTSD). Three logistics regression models and one mediation model were performed to explore relationships between career, insomnia and PTS. The prevalence of PTS (PC-PTSD≥2) and insomnia (with 1 item in self-drafted insomnia questionnaire≥2) was 24.17% and 36.97%, respectively. Being a nurse was a shared risk factor of insomnia (OR = 4.16, 95%CI: 1.30 ~ 5.77, P = 0.023) and PTS (OR = 7.51, 95%CI: 1.89 ~ 40.50, P = 0.008). Compared to doctors, nurses had significantly higher prevalence of insomnia (46.32% vs. 20%, χ2 = 13.27, P < 0.001) and PTS (30.14% vs. 13.33%, χ2 = 6.57, P = 0.011). Insomnia was a significant partial mediator (B = 0.101, P = 0.026), which explained 32.53% proportions of relationship between being a nurse and PTS. PTS and insomnia were common symptoms, which should be considered in psychological aids among frontline medical staff. Insomnia might be a possible target of PTS intervention.

Salidroside Attenuates Airway Inflammation and Remodeling via the miR-323-3p/SOCS5 Axis in Asthmatic Mice.

INTRODUCTION: Salidroside (Sal) a bioactive component extracted from Rhodiola rosea is remarkable for its anti-asthmatic effects. The study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of Sal in airway inflammation and remodeling in asthmatic mice and provide a novel theoretical basis for asthma treatment. METHODS: An asthmatic mouse model was established via ovalbumin (OVA) treatment, followed by injection of Sal and transfection of miR-323-3p-mimic and sh- suppressor of cytokine signaling 5 (SOCS5). Expressions of miR-323-3p, SOCS5 mRNA, collagen (COL)-I, and COL-III were detected via reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. SOCS5 protein level was detected via Western blot. Levels of IgE, IL-13, IL-4, and IL-5 were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inflammatory cell infiltration was observed via hematoxylin-eosin staining. Collagen disposition was observed via Masson staining. Resistance index (RI) of airway hyperresponsiveness, and the number of total cells, inflammatory cells (eosinophil, macrophage, neutrophil, and lymphocyte) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were observed. The binding relationship between miR-323-3p and SOCS5 was predicted through the RNA22 website and verified via dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: miR-323-3p was highly expressed in OVA-treated mice. Sal treatment reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, COL disposition, miR-323-3p expression, and IgE, IL-13, IL-4, IL-5, COL-I, and COL-III levels, RI value, and the number of total cells and inflammatory cells in BALF. miR-323-3p inhibited SOCS5 transcription. miR-323-3p overexpression or SOCS5 downregulation reversed the protecting role of Sal in asthmatic mice. CONCLUSION: Sal inhibited miR-323-3p expression to promote SOCS5 transcription, thereby attenuating airway inflammation and remodeling in asthmatic mice.