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In this paper, we present an example of a photoinduced catalyst, halogen-, and base-free TEMPO-mediated interrupted 6π-photocyclization/dehydrogenative aromatization of ortho-biaryl-appended 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds for the preparation of 10-phenanthrenols. The reaction involves rapid photocycloaddition via a 1,2-biradical of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, followed by subsequent dehydrogenative aromatization of 1,4-biradical intermediates using TEMPO as the commercially available oxidant rather than trapped by TEMPO to form an alkoxyamine product.
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An efficient oxidant-free, photoredox-mediated cascade cyclization strategy for the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles by using an organo acridinium photocatalyst and a cobaloxime catalyst has been developed. Various acylhydrazones have been transformed into the corresponding 1,3,4-oxadiazole products in up to 96% yield, and H2 is the only byproduct. Mechanistic experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculation studies indicate carbon-centered radicals rather than oxygen-centered radicals as π-radicals produced by the oxidation of photoexcited Mes-Acr+* along with deprotonation, which is responsible for this transformation. The practical utility of this method is highlighted by the one-pot gram-scale synthesis starting directly from commercially available aldehydes and acylhydrazides.
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A photocatalyst- and additive-free visible-light-induced 6π-photocyclization of ortho-biaryl-appended ß-ketoesters has been developed. Upon irradiation with visible light, substrates undergo 6-endo-trig cyclization/1,5-H shift to 9,10-dihydrophenanthren-9-ols with high efficiency and selectivity. The reaction proceeds via conrotatory ring closure followed by a suprafacial 1,5-hydrogen shift leading to the observed single trans-fused products. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal the feasibility of both 1,5-H shift and intersystem crossing of the diradical intermediate.
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Hidrógeno , Luz , CiclizaciónRESUMEN
@#Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and incidence of Brucella encephalitis and meningitis in children. Methods We report the clinical data of a child with Brucella melitensis meningitis in children, and summarize the incidence, diagnosis methods and treatment of Brucella encephalitis or meningitis in children, taking into account the relevant domestic and foreign literature from January 2014 to December 2020. Results A 4-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital with status epilepticus on March 15, 2021 because of interrupted right limb numbness for 16 hours and convulsions for 2 hours. She had 2 non-febrile convulsions three months before admission and was diagnosed with epilepsy. This incident was acute, accompanied by low fever, with epilepsy as the main manifestation. Cerebrospinal fluid test suggested central nervous system infection, but the nature of infection could not be determined by routine and biochemistry of cerebrospinal fluid.The cerebrospinal fluid next generation sequencing confirmed that the pathogen of the infection was B. melitensis, which was further verified by the peripheral blood antibody test. After effective antibiotics combined with a full course of treatment, the patient recovered after six months of treatment. A total of 60 articles were retrieved in the database, including 29 in Chinese. During this period, a total of 7 cases of brucellosis in children with nervous system involvement were reported, one of which was a case report, and the other 6 cases were mentioned in the comprehensive analysis of children with brucellosis. Conclusions Brucella encephalitis or meningitis in children has a low incidence and various clinical features, which are easy to be misdiagnosed or missed.
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Due to the inert redox activity and high triplet energy, radical chemistry of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds usually requires prefunctionalization substrates, external oxidant, and high-energy UV light. Here, we report a visible-light-driven photocatalyst/cobaloxime system composed of a photosensitized energy transfer reaction (PEnT) and photoinduced electron transfer reaction (PET) and with an interrupted 6π-photocyclization/dehydrogenative aromatization in one pot to synthesize 10-phenanthrenols. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that fac-Ir(ppy)3 plays the dual roles of energy transfer catalysis for photocycloaddition via 1,2-biradical intermediates of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and photoredox/cobaloxime catalysis dehydrogenative aromatization of 1,4-biradical rather than the intermediates via 6π photocyclization in the tandem reaction. In contrast to previous well-established radical chemistry of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, we provide a new strategy for the activation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds under visible light catalysis, affording a novel cyclization strategy with extremely high atom economy for the synthesis of 10-phenanthrenols.
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Cobalto , Electrones , Oxidación-Reducción , Catálisis , Transferencia de EnergíaRESUMEN
Objective To clarify the hotspots and trends of multimorbidity research and to provide evidence for further research in China. Methods Papers on multimorbidity were retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science (from inception to August 11,2021).BICOMB and gCLUTO were used for bibliometric and clustering analysis,and CiteSpace was employed for analysis of authors and citations,and burst detection of keywords. Results The research on multimorbidity has been on the rise.Among the authors,Mercer SW published the most papers on this topic and Fortin M was the most cited author.Karolinska Institute topped the institutions in the number of published papers,and the paper published in Lancet by Barnett K in 2012 was the most cited.A total of 75 high-frequency keywords were extracted,on the basis of which seven research hotspots were summarized:epidemiology (including the prevalence and trend),medication (involving polypharmacy,medication compliance,etc.),medical expenditure (including cost and medical services),aging (such as elderly patients,frailty,and disability),psychology (involving mental health,social support,etc.),multimorbidity management (such as the treatment,primary health care,and integrated care),and comorbidity of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (involving obesity,stroke,diabetes,etc.). Conclusions Multimorbidity is concerned as a major health threat and public health problem worldwide.The management of multimorbidity is more complex than that of one disease,which thus faces more challenges.Therefore,researchers,health care providers,and policy-makers should underscore it.
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Bibliometría , Multimorbilidad , Anciano , China/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , HumanosRESUMEN
Objective To establish a mouse model of exogenous iron overload combined with tuberculosis(TB). Methods C57BL/6N mice were divided into negative control, low-, medium-, and high-dose iron groups and received intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran at 0, 3.75, 7.50, and 15.00 mg/dose(3 times/week for 4 weeks), respectively.After 4 weeks, the organ morphology and body weight of the mice were evaluated.The content of serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, and transferrin receptor was determined by ELISA.Heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and small intestine were analyzed for tissue iron content and iron deposition pathology.Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)standard strain H37Rv was injected via tail vein to infect the mice receiving moderate-dose iron to establish an iron-overloaded mouse model of active TB.HE staining and Mtb culture were employed to analyze tuberculous lesions and bacterial loads of lung, spleen and liver tissues. Results The weight gain percentages of mice in the negative control, low-, medium-, and high-dose iron groups were 25.47%, 25.22%, 24.74%, and 21.36%, respectively, which was significantly lower in the high-dose group than in the negative control(F=17.235, P=0.027), low-dose(F=15.206, P=0.031), and medium-dose(F=11.061, P=0.036)groups.Liver had the highest iron content, followed by spleen, kidney, and small intestine.The iron content in heart and lung tissues of the low-dose group had no significant difference compared with those of the negative control group(F=19.023, P=0.715;F=23.193, P=0.902).Serum iron and ferritin in the iron-overloaded mice increased in a dose-dependent manner, while transferrin and transferrin receptor had no significant changes.HE and Prussian blue staining showed that the iron-overloaded mice had different degrees of iron deposition in tissues and high-dose iron caused liver and kidney damage.The lung(F=23.227, P=0.017), spleen(F=19.023, P=0.021), and liver(F=17.392, P=0.009)of the iron-overloaded mice with TB had a significantly shorter time of bacterial culture than those of the TB-infected mice without iron overload.The lung(F=21.012, P=0.007), spleen(F=20.173, P=0.002), and liver(F=19.091, P=0.005)of the iron-overloaded mice with TB had significantly higher bacterial loads than those of the TB-infected mice without iron overload. Conclusions The exogenous iron-overloaded mouse model with similar symptoms to patients with clinical iron overload can be established by intraperitoneal injection of medium-dose(7.50 mg/dose, 3 times/week for 4 weeks)iron dextran.Mtb injection through the tail vein can help construct a mouse model of iron overload combined with active TB.
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Sobrecarga de Hierro , Tuberculosis , Animales , Humanos , Hierro , Complejo Hierro-Dextran , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BLRESUMEN
A seed-loading device was designed and modeled using the Monte Carlo method to verify the biological effect of iodine-125 (125I) particles on blood vessels through animal experiments. The dose distribution characteristics of irradiated vessels were established by adjusting the design variables and geometry. The deviation between the actual value and the theoretical value was verified in vitro by the thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) method. After verification, the device was used to examine the biological effect of 125I irradiation of canine carotid arteries in two dogs (and one control dog) for 180 days. The hollow cylinder seed-loading device was constructed with an inner diameter of 0.5 cm and a length of 3.3 cm. When six seeds were loaded into a single layer, the source strength ratio of the intermediate layer to the edge layer was 0.7:1. When six layers of seeds were arranged at 0.45-cm intervals, the deviations between the maximum, minimum and mean energy fluence within 2.25 cm of the vessel wall were 2.19% and -4.12%, respectively, and -9% and 4%, respectively, when verified in vitro using TLD. The carotid arteries showed good tolerance to 0.56 kGy (range of 0.51-0.58 kGy) after 180 days of irradiation. In conclusion, this 125I seed-loading device overcomes the random distribution of seeds and lays an accurate radiophysical foundation for subsequent biological experiments. The preliminary results showed that the carotid artery has good tolerance to 0.56 kGy irradiation.
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Arterias Carótidas/efectos de la radiación , Radioisótopos de Yodo/farmacología , Animales , Anisotropía , Arterias Carótidas/patología , Simulación por Computador , Perros , Humanos , Radioisótopos de Yodo/química , Método de Montecarlo , Fantasmas de Imagen , Prótesis e Implantes , Dosificación RadioterapéuticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: More than 210,000 medical workers have fought against the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei in China since December 2019. However, the prevalence of mental health problems in frontline medical staff after fighting COVID-19 is still unknown. METHODS: Medical workers in Wuhan and other cities in Hubei Province were invited to participate a cross-sectional and convenience sampling online survey, which assessed the prevalence of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). RESULTS: A total of 1,091 responses (33% male and 67% female) were valid for statistical analysis. The prevalence was anxiety 53%, insomnia 79%, depression 56%, and PTSD 11%. Healthcare workers in Wuhan were more likely to face risks of anxiety (56% vs. 52%, P = 0.03) and PTSD (15% vs. 9%, P = 0.03) than those in other cities of Hubei. In terms of educational attainment, those with doctoral and masters' (D/M) degrees may experience more anxiety (median of 7.0, [interquartile range (IQR) 2.0-8.5] vs. median 5.0 [IQR 5.0-8.0], P = 0.02) and PTSD (median 26.0 [IQR 19.5-33.0] vs. median 23.0 [IQR 19.0-31.0], P = 0.04) than those with lower educational degrees. CONCLUSIONS: The mental problems were an important issue for the healthcare workers after COVID-19. Thus, an early intervention on such mental problems is necessary for healthcare workers.
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COVID-19 , Trastorno Depresivo/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Personal de Salud/psicología , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto , China/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Profesionales/psicología , Prevalencia , Psicometría , Calidad de Vida , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the therapeutic effect of moxibustion on sarcomas from mesenchymal tissues, which have a low response rate to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.@*METHODS@#S180 sarcoma cell line was inoculated in C57BL/6 mice to form transplanted tumor. Moxibustion therapy was directly applied at the transplanted tumor sites, at a distance of 3.0 cm, 10 min per session, till skin temperature reached 45 °C, once a day, for 14 consecutive days of intervention. After the mice were killed, serum was collected and used to detect concentrations of interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), IL-4 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by Luminex liquid suspension chip. The numbers of Treg@*RESULTS@#Weight of S180 transplanted tumor in the control group was (2.03 ± 0.54) g, and that in the moxibustion group was (1.27 ± 0.29) g, which was statistically different (P = 0.023). The mean value of Foxp3@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion may have therapeutic effects on sarcomas by reducing the number of Treg cells in the blood and controlling the infiltration of Treg cells in the TME.
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At present, effective antibiotics and comprehensive symptomatic/supportive treatment as early as possible are mainly used for the treatment of severe pertussis in clinical practice. However, some children with severe pertussis have unsatisfactory response to commonly used drugs and treatment measures in the intensive care unit and thus have a high risk of death. Studies have shown that certain treatment measures given in the early stage, such as exchange transfusion, may help reduce deaths, but there is still a lack of uniform implementation norms. How to determine the treatment regimen for severe pertussis and improve treatment ability remains a difficult issue in clinical practice. This article reviews the advances in the treatment of severe pertussis, in order to provide a reference for clinical treatment and research.
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Niño , Humanos , Antibacterianos , Recambio Total de Sangre , Tos Ferina/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
To establish an improved animal model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP). Ninety-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(=24),intubation group(=24),CLP group(=24),and CLP+intubation group(=24).The mortality rate,abdominal cavity condition,pathological changes and pathological scores of heart,lungs,liver,and kidneys of rats in each group were observed after modeling.Blood samples were obtained from the inferior vena cava for measuring the whole blood cells(WBC)and platelets(PLT)counts and analyzing serum interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,serum troponin T(cTnT),creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),creatinine(CREA),and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)levels.Blood gas analysis of the aorta was also performed. The mortality rates 24 h after modeling were 0 in sham operation group and intubation group,20.8% in CLP group,and 54.2% in CLP+intubation group.Pathologically,swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration in the heart,lungs,liver,and kidneys were seen in the CLP+intubation group,inflammatory cell infiltration in a single organ was seen in most rats in the CLP group,and no obvious swelling and infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed in the sham-operation group and intubation group.The myocardial histopathology score,lung tissue injury pathology score,and kidney tissue injury pathology score in both the sham-operation group and the intubation group were significantly lower than those in the CLP group and the CLP+intubation group(all =0.000).TNF-α,PaO,CK-MB,cTnT,AST,TBIL,BUN,and CREA were significantly different between sham-operation group and intubation group/CLP group/CLP+intubation group and between intubation group and CLP group/CLP+intubation group(all =0.000).The pH level was significantly different between sham operation group and intubation group/CLP group,between intubation group and CLP group/CLP+intubate group(all =0.000). Although both CLP and CLP+intubation can well mimic the pathophysiological mechanism of sepsis in rats,multiple organ dysfunction occurs in the latter.Thus,CLP+intubation can establish animal models of multiple organ dysfunction caused by sepsis induced by clinically effective abdominal infection.
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Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Aspartato Aminotransferasas , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ligadura , Punciones , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Sepsis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Many patients with acute coronary syndrome may experience recurrent myocardial infarction although they are receiving optional therapy, but they are still associated with poor clincial outcomes. The goal of this study was to assess different antiplatelet strategies in these patients. METHODS: This retrospective trial compared ticagrelor (180-mg loading dose, 90-mg BID maintenance dose) and clopidogrel (300- to 600-mg loading dose, 150-mg daily maintenance dose) for the prevention of cardiovascular events in 1083 patients with acute coronary syndrome and recurrent myocardial infarction admitted to the hospital undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. FINDINGS: At the 24-month follow-up, a major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) occurred in 10.5% of patients receiving ticagrelor compared with 13.2% in the clopidogrel group (P = 0.023). Meanwhile, ticagrelor caused a higher rate of minor bleeding (18.1% vs 15.3%; P = 0.008). A survival analysis showed that ticagrelor decreased the incidence of MACCE (log-rank test, P < 0.001) and all-cause death (log-rank test, P = 0.001). The advantage of ticagrelor was also presented according to analysis of Seattle Angina Questionnaire scores. IMPLICATIONS: In patients with recurrent myocardial infarction, the ticagrelor antiplatelet strategy significantly reduced the MACCE rate without increasing the risk of major bleeding, although patients did have a higher risk of minor bleeding.
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Síndrome Coronario Agudo/tratamiento farmacológico , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/métodos , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/administración & dosificación , Anciano , Clopidogrel/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Hemorragia/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sobrevivientes , Ticagrelor/administración & dosificación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a well-characterized cytokine that protects heart from ischaemic injury. However, the beneficial effects of native SDF-1, in terms of promoting myocardial repair, are limited by its low concentration in the ischaemic myocardium. Annexin V (AnxA5) can precisely detect dead cells in vivo. As massive cardiomyocytes die after MI, we hypothesize that AnxA5 can be used as an anchor to carry SDF-1 to the ischaemic myocardium. In this study, we constructed a fusion protein consisting of SDF-1 and AnxA5 domains. The receptor competition assay revealed that SDF-1-AnxA5 had high binding affinity to SDF-1 receptor CXCR4. The treatment of SDF-1-AnxA5 could significantly promote phosphorylation of AKT and ERK and induce chemotactic response, angiogenesis and cell survival in vitro. The binding membrane assay and immunofluorescence revealed that AnxA5 domain had the ability to specifically recognize and bind to cells injured by hypoxia. Furthermore, SDF-1-AnxA5 administered via peripheral vein could accumulate at the infarcted myocardium in vivo. The treatment with SDF-1-AnxA5 attenuated cell apoptosis, enhanced angiogenesis, reduced infarcted size and improved cardiac function after mouse myocardial infarction. Our results suggest that the bifunctional SDF-1-AnxA5 can specifically bind to dead cells. The systemic administration of bifunctional SDF-1-AnxA5 effectively provides cardioprotection after myocardial infarction.
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Anexina A5/metabolismo , Quimiocina CXCL12/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/uso terapéutico , Administración Intravenosa , Animales , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Quimiotaxis/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Infarto del Miocardio/patología , Isquemia Miocárdica/fisiopatología , Miocardio/metabolismo , Miocardio/patología , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Unión Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de Quimiocina/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/farmacología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The uncertainty relation, as one of the fundamental principles of quantum physics, captures the incompatibility of noncommuting observables in the preparation of quantum states. In this work, we derive two strong and universal uncertainty relations for N(N ≥ 2) observables with discrete and bounded spectra, one in multiplicative form and the other in additive form. To verify their validity, for illustration, we implement in the spin-1/2 system an experiment with single-photon measurement. The experimental results exhibit the validity and robustness of these uncertainty relations, and indicate the existence of stringent lower bounds.
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OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical characteristics of children with pertussis and investigate the distribution of virulence-related genotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility among the Bordetella pertussis isolates. METHODS: The clinical information of 224 culture-positive pertussis cases in Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University from 2015 to 2016 was collected. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by E-test and Kirby-Bauer(KB)disk diffusion methods. A fragment of the 23 S rDNA genes was detected for drug-resistance mutation and antigen genotypes.RESULTS: The 224 culture-positive pertussis cases were from 14 provinces or municipalities. Among the 224 subjects,150 patients(67.0%)were younger than 6 months old and 176 patients(78.6%)were unvaccinated or not fully vaccinated individuals. The commonest virulence-associated genotype was ptx A1/ptx C1/ptx P1/prn1/fim2-1/fim3-1/tcfA2,with frequencies of 90.6%(203/224). All erythromycin-resistant strains were determined A2047 G mutation in 23 S r DNA sequences,and the strains were the ptx P1 genotype(203/224). Eighteen ptx P3 strains were identified in the present study and all ptx P3 strains were sensitive to erythromycin. All isolates were determined low MIC against sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim(0.004-0.500 mg/L). CONCLUSION: The culture-positive pertussis cases are mostly infants and young children unvaccinated or not-fully vaccinated. The isolates genotyped as ptx A1/ptx C1/ptx P1/prn1/fim2-1/fim3-1/tcfA2 are widespread,which are highly resistant to erythromycin. The high-virulent strains harboring ptxP3 are rare,and are sensitive to erythromycin. Sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim is effective to treat pertussis caused by erythromycin-resistant isolates.
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Background@#Whether the time course of post-stroke depression (PSD) can be used to predict the quality of life (QoL) of patients with late-stage stroke remains unclear, this study investigated whether persistent depression at 1 year after stroke predicts QoL at 5 years following stroke.@*Methods@#We analyzed the demographic and clinical data of patients with stroke in 56 hospitals across China that participated in the Prospective Cohort Study on the Incidence and Outcome of Patients with PSD in China Study. Follow-up assessments were performed at the following time points after stroke: in person, 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year; by telephone, 5 years. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission, recurrence, disability, depression, QoL, and chronic complications were recorded. Depression was diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. QoL was measured using short form-12 (SF-12). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors that independently affected the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores of the SF-12.@*Results@#Of the 801 patients evaluated in this study, 80 had persistent depression. The multivariable regression analysis of data obtained at 5 years showed that persistent depression at 1 year (odds ratio [OR]: 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29–0.81) and disability at 5 years (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.23–0.49) were associated with poor MCS scores at 5 years. Old age, a high NIHSS score on admission, disability at 5 years, and stroke recurrence within 5 years were associated with poor PCS scores at the 5-year follow-up.@*Conclusions@#Persistent depression at the 1-year follow-up could predict poor MCS scores at the 5-year follow-up. The development of interventional strategies targeting post-stroke patients with persistent depression is warranted.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of neonatal pertussis and the antigen genotypes of Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) strains.@*METHODS@#A total of 32 B. pertussis strains isolated from neonates between May 2013 and July 2018 were used in this study. E-test stripes were used to measure the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 18 antimicrobial drugs including erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ) and ampicillin. The 23S rRNA gene of isolated strains was amplified and sequenced to identify the mutation site of erythromycin resistance gene, and the seven antigen genotypes of B. pertussis strains (ptxA, ptxC, ptxP, prn, fim2, fim3 and tcfA2) were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Of the 32 B. pertussis strains, 25 (78%) were resistant to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin and clindamycin, with an MIC of >256 mg/L, and A2047G mutation was observed in the 23S rRNA gene. All strains had an MIC of ≤0.064 mg/L for SMZ. The MIC of ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone ranged from 0.032 to 1 mg/L. The strains resistant to macrolide antibiotics had an antigen genotype of ptxA1/ptxC1/ptxP1/prn1/fim2-1/fim3-1/tcfA2.@*CONCLUSIONS@#B. pertussis strains from neonates are often resistant to macrolides, and the in vitro test shows that off-label use of sulfonamides is a reliable regimen for the treatment of neonates with macrolide-resistant pertussis. The prevalence of drug-resistant strains further emphasizes the importance of immunoprophylaxis.
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Humanos , Recién Nacido , Antibacterianos , Bordetella pertussis , Genética , Eritromicina , Genotipo , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Tos FerinaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND@#Whether the time course of post-stroke depression (PSD) can be used to predict the quality of life (QoL) of patients with late-stage stroke remains unclear, this study investigated whether persistent depression at 1 year after stroke predicts QoL at 5 years following stroke.@*METHODS@#We analyzed the demographic and clinical data of patients with stroke in 56 hospitals across China that participated in the Prospective Cohort Study on the Incidence and Outcome of Patients with PSD in China Study. Follow-up assessments were performed at the following time points after stroke: in person, 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year; by telephone, 5 years. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission, recurrence, disability, depression, QoL, and chronic complications were recorded. Depression was diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. QoL was measured using short form-12 (SF-12). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors that independently affected the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores of the SF-12.@*RESULTS@#Of the 801 patients evaluated in this study, 80 had persistent depression. The multivariable regression analysis of data obtained at 5 years showed that persistent depression at 1 year (odds ratio [OR]: 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29-0.81) and disability at 5 years (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.23-0.49) were associated with poor MCS scores at 5 years. Old age, a high NIHSS score on admission, disability at 5 years, and stroke recurrence within 5 years were associated with poor PCS scores at the 5-year follow-up.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Persistent depression at the 1-year follow-up could predict poor MCS scores at the 5-year follow-up. The development of interventional strategies targeting post-stroke patients with persistent depression is warranted.
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Excessive extracellular matrix degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis are the pathological features of osteoarthritis (OA). The ability of flavonoid compounds isolated from Chinese hawthorn leaves to exert protective effects on several diseases, via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation, has been demonstrated in several studies. This study explored the effects of vitexin on chondrocytes, and the underlying mechanisms thereof. Vitexin, an active ingredient in hawthorn leaf extracts, was shown to exert protective effects on chondrocytes, by inhibiting the expression of GRP78 and PDI, and an apoptotic protein (CHOP) induced by interleukin-1ß. It also modulated thapsigargin-induced upregulation of GRP78 and PDI and subsequently an apoptotic protein (CHOP). Among rat chondrocytes, both the ER stress-activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and the induced expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) were significantly inhibited by vitexin. Finally, vitexin attenuated the progression of OA in vivo in rats. Taken together, all data demonstrate the relationship of ER stress and inflammation in the progression of OA, the ability of vitexin to protect chondrocytes and thus its therapeutic potential in patients with OA.