Enantiomorphic Single Crystals of Linear Lead(II) Bromide Perovskitoids with White Circularly Polarized Emission.

Chiroptical hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites are emerging as a new class of promising materials with mirror optical signal responses for optoelectronic applications. However, chiroptical white-emission materials have been scarcely unearthed. Herein, four pairs of hybrid lead(II) bromide perovskitoids were obtained, namely, (R)- and (S)-(H2 MPz)PbBr4 (R/S-MPz=(R)-(-)/(S)-(+)-2-methylpiperazine) (1 and 2), (R)- and (S)-(H2 MPz)3 Pb2 Br10 ⋅2 DMAc (3 and 4), (R)- and (S)-(H2 MPz)PbBr4 ⋅0.5 MeCN (5 and 6) and (R)- and (S)-(H2 MPz)2 Pb2 Br8 ⋅DCM (7 and 8). Notably, they all exhibit ultrabroadband emission and chiroptical signals. Perovskitoids 3-6 even achieve white circularly polarized emission with a high dissymmetric factor (glum ) (±3×10-3 for 3 and 4; ±8×10-3 for 5 and 6). This new type of hybrid perovskitoids will attract attention and find applications in chiroptical fields because of the extensively and easily tunable photophysical properties.

A multi-responsive indium-viologen hybrid with ultrafast-response photochromism and electrochromism.

A novel 0D organic-inorganic metal halide hybrid (C13H16N2O2)2InCl6·Cl (1) has been obtained by integrating the mono-viologen derivative with InCl3. Compound 1 exhibits reversible and ultrafast UV/sunlight/X-ray induced photochromic properties, as well as excellent electrochromic performance, which is the first example of an indium-based organic-inorganic chromic hybrid.

[Epidemiological analysis of malaria prevalence in Hubei Province in 2013].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the endemic situation of malaria in Hubei Province in 2013, so as to put forward effective elimination strategies and measures. METHODS: The data of malaria cases were searched from the Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological method for the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Hubei Province in 2013. RESULTS: A total of 129 malaria cases were reported in Hubei Province in 2013 with the incidence of 0.02/10,000, and all of them were imported cases, in which 86 cases with Plasmodium falciparum infection, 32 cases with P. vivax infection, 7 cases with P. ovale infection and 4 cases with P. malariae infection. The distribution of malaria cases was concentrated in Wuhan City (76 cases), Yichang City (10 cases), Xiangyang City (7 cases) and Huangshi City (6 cases), accounting for 76.74% of the total cases. There was no significant seasonal variation in the reporting time of the cases. Totally 99.22% of the cases were male, the age distribution concentrated mainly on 20-49 years. The occupation distribution concentrated mainly on the worker, farmer, cadre staff and migrant worker. The main original areas of the imported cases were Africa (111 cases, 86.05%) and Asia (17 cases, 13.18%). CONCLUSIONS: There is no local malaria cases reported in Hubei Province in 2013, however, the imported malaria cases are increased. Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen the multi-sector collaboration of vector control, while the health education should be intensified especially in the key population.

[Epidemic situation and control strategy of imported malaria in Hubei Province from 2006 to 2011].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the characteristics of imported malaria in Hubei Province so as to provide the evidence for formulating the prevention and control strategy. METHODS: The data of all imported malaria cases from 2006-01 to 2011-07 were retrospectively analyzed, and at the same time, the imported malaria cases since 2010 were interviewed through telephone and the cases since 2011-05 were interviewed face to face. All data were analyzed with EpiInfo. RESULTS: There were 195 imported malaria cases from 2006-01-01 to 2011-07-07, and there was a rising trend but there was no obvious difference among seasons. The interval between the disease onset and diagnosis was shorter in high educated people than low educated people (chi2 = 10.93, P < 0.01) and in the severe cases than the slight cases (chi2 = 4.58, P < 0.05). The severe rates of malaria cases were 70.4% and 82.9% in the low educated group and the high educated group, respectively (chi2 = 7.02, P < 0.01). Non-condition regression analysis showed that there were three influence factors which affected severe malaria, including whether or not self-treatment instead of seeing doctor when being fever; whether or not having health education before going abroad; whether or not considering malaria of the initial diagnosis doctor. CONCLUSION: It is very important to strengthen the personnel abroad malaria health education, the malaria blood smear microscopic inspection in medical institutions, and the initial diagnosis doctor's awareness on malaria.

[Lymphatic filariasis in Hubei Province: from prevailing to elimination].

Lymphatic filariasis used to highly prevalent in 69 counties (cities) with 29 million people at the risk of infection in Hubei Province. There were 2 million people infected either by B. malayi or W. bancrofti that 1.6 million microfilaremia cases and 0.4 million chronic patients. The average rate of microfilaremia among population was 5.94%. Anopheles sinensis and Culex quinquefasciatus were the principal transmitting vectors. Since 1970s, with the strategy of taking elimination of infection source as a major focus, the average rate of the microfilaremia reduced to 0.048% with a village as the unit in 1988, and reached the standard of transmission interruption. With continuous surveillance for over a decade, the province reached the goal of filariasis elimination in 2001. This paper reviews the prevalence, control and elimination process of filariasis in Hubei Province since 1950s.

[Effect of N-acetylcysteine on malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in hepatic tissue of mice with Schistosomiasis japonica].

90 mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal control, infected control, long-term drug use group 1 (L1), long-term drug use group 2 (L2), short-term drug use group 1 (S1) and short-term drug use group 2 (S2). Mice in all groups except those in the normal control group were infected with 30 cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum through abdominal skin. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) solution was orally given to mice in L1 and L2 groups, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively, 2 times/d from the day of infection, while for S1 and S2 groups, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively, 2 times/d from the 42th day after L2 infection. Mice in the groups of normal control, infected control, L1 and L2 were sacrificed either on day 42 or day 56 after infection, while those in S1 and S2 were sacrificed on day 56 after infection. Number and area of the single egg granuloma were measured with computer image analysis software. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum and hepatic tissue were detected. The number of "+" single egg granulomas in the liver of mice in L1 was the fewest by 3.04, followed by those in S1, by 4.87. The results indicated that the level of MAD in hepatic tissue of L2 (9.2-9.3 nmol/mg)was markedly lower than that of L1 (P < 0.05), and the level of SOD in hepatic tissue of L1 was 170.00-190.00 U/(g x pro), similar to those of S1 and L2 at the 42th day (P > 0.05), but the level in L2 at the 56th day was close to that of S2 (P > 0.05). Hence, NAC may retard the formation of single egg granulomas in the liver of infected mice, and may regulate the concentration of MDA and the activity of SOD in the liver.

[Effect of N-acetylcysteine on the egg granuloma in hepatic tissue of mice with Schistosomosis japonica].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the egg granuloma in hepatic tissue of mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum. METHODS: 36 mice were randomly divided into normal group, infected group and NAC group, each with 12 mice. The mice in the latter two groups were each infected with 25+/-2 cercariae of S. japonicum through the skin of abdomen. NAC solution was orally given to the mice of NAC group, 200 mg/kg, 2 times/d from the day of infection through to the 42nd day. Mice in the other 2 groups were given 2 ml normal saline daily. The mice were all sacrificed at the end of the 42nd day and their livers were collected for pathologic observation. Area of the egg granuloma was measured with computer image analysis software. Concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and reduced glutathione hormone (GSH), and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in serum and hepatic tissue, and the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the hepatic tissue were all detected. RESULTS: Number of the single egg granuloma of "+,++,+++" grade were 1.80+/-0.25, 1.37+/-0.23 and 0.53+/-0.15 respectively in NAC treated group, which were less than those of infected group (3.70+/-0.28, 2.77+/-0.25 and 2.00+/-0.14 respectively) (P<0.05). The serum NO and GSH concentration was 0.53+/-0.17 and 229.66+/-9.47 respectively in NAC group, lower than those of infected group (2.64+/-0.31 and 312.47+/-18.55 respectively) (P<0.05), but its GSH-PX activity was 1101.99+/-140.81, higher than that of infected group (663.66+/-25.59) (P<0.05). The concentration of NO and GSH, and the activity of iNOS and GSH-PX in hepatic tissue of NAC group were 6.85+/-0.30, 13.44+/-0.40, 358.40+/-19.15 and 110.84+/-10.93 respectively, lower than those in infected group (8.26+/-1.69, 28.40+/-0.56, 1132.44+/-52.82 and 226.26+/-16.25 respectively) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: NAC may have the effect of retarding pathological change of the liver, which may associate with the decrease of NO and GSH in serum and hepatic tissue and iNOS activity in the tissue.